临界间退火对低合金TRIP钢奥氏体等温转变动力学的影响

用膨胀法及金相法研究了20Mn2SiMoV钢经780℃界间退火后奥氏体在600-650℃以及320-450℃温度区间的等温转变动力学。结果表明，经780℃不完全奥氏体化，过冷奥氏体的稳定性增强，奥氏体分解的高温转变和中温转变孕育期与完成时间都延长，而且高温转变区和中温转变区明显分开，贝氏体区奥氏体转变具有不完全性。临界间退火后过冷奥氏体的高温转变产物为铁素体与珠光体，中温转变产物为铁素体、贝氏体、马氏体和残余奥氏体的混合组织。     

两相区加热对30CrMnSi钢的过冷奥氏体转变的影响

本文研究了两相区加热对３０ＣｒＭｎＳｉ钢的过冷奥氏体转变的影响。得出结论：３０ＣｒＭｎＳｉ钢两相区加热后冷却，未溶铁素体起着晶核的作用，促进过冷奥氏体向铁素体－珠光体、贝氏体转变；而奥氏体中的碳及合金元素的高含量推迟了过冷奥氏体向马氏体的转变。     

高速钢的残余奥氏体测定

本文总结了用磁性方法与X射线衍射分析法测定高速钢残余奥氏体的试验。两种方法的实验结果相近,并与金相观察相吻合。认为钼高速钢金相检验中经常出现的似乎残余奥氏体过多的现象,主要是由于金相试样制备不当而引起。     

奥氏体-贝氏体复相组织形态的研究

在60Si2MnA钢等温淬火工艺和性能研究的基础上,用MEF-3型金相显微镜和JEM-200CX型透射电子显微镜对等温转变产物的组织形态进行了观察研究。并用Rigku D/maxⅢB型X-射线衍射仪测定了样品的残余奥氏体体积分数。实验结果表明,奥氏体-贝氏体复相组织强韧性好的原因在于含有一定数量的残余奥氏体和变态贝氏体组织,且贝氏作为无碳化物贝氏体。     

低碳奥氏体-马氏体双相不锈钢热处理工艺研究

研究了低碳奥氏体—马氏体双相不锈钢在不同回火温度下硬度变化规律。根据回火硬度的变化，分析了回火过程中组织转变及逆转变奥氏体对回火硬度的影响。同时在一次回火的基础上进行了二次回火处理，比较一次回火和二次回火的硬度变化规律，确定了低碳奥氏体—马氏体双相不锈钢的最佳热处理工艺。     

奥氏体变形对耐候钢相变行为及显微组织的影响

在MMS-100热力模拟实验机上采用热膨胀法结合硬度测试,对耐候钢进行了未变形和变形后的连续冷却的实验研究,建立了未变形和变形奥氏体的CCT曲线.利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜分析研究了冷却速度、变形条件对显微组织的影响.实验结果表明,从未变形到变形的过程,多边形铁素体相变开始温度升高,相变区左移,获得铁素体加珠光体混合组织的临界冷速增大.变形奥氏体的位错缠结抑制贝氏体长大,从而细化转变后的显微组织.     

28CrMnMoV钢过冷奥氏体连续冷却转变

利用Gleeble-3500热模拟机测量28CrMnMoV钢以不同速度连续冷却时的膨胀曲线,结合差热分析法和金相-硬度法,确定临界点及相变温度点,绘制并分析和应用过冷奥氏体的连续冷却曲线(CCT图),研究实验钢连续冷却时的奥氏体转变.研究结果表明:实验钢过冷奥氏体在高温区可能发生铁素体转变和珠光体转变,中温区可能发生贝氏体转变,低温区可能发生马氏体转变;当冷却速度为0.05～0.5℃/s时,转变产物为多边形铁素体、珠光体和少量贝氏体的混合组织;在1～5℃/s的冷却速度范围内,转变产物为贝氏体;当冷却速度大于5℃/s时,转变产物为马氏体;合金元素Cr,Mo,V有抑制奥氏体扩散分解的作用,以低于1℃/s的速度冷却才会有先共析铁素体和珠光体;锰质量分数较高对贝氏体转变有明显的促进作用,在0.05～10℃/s的较宽速度范围内连续冷却会发生贝氏体转变.根据测得的CCT图指导28CrMnMoV钢的分级控冷工艺,可在减小钢管淬火应力的同时,为V150油套管的高强韧性提供组织保障.     

低合金钢过冷奥氏体转变曲线CAD

用计算机对低合金钢的过冷奥氏体转变动力学进行了数学模拟，综合考 虑了冷却速度、合金化学成分和晶粒度等因素对过冷奥氏体转变的影响。利 用ｄＢＡＳＥ Ⅲ程序设计语言和ＢＡＳＩＣＡ程序设计语言建立了合金钢数据库， 并在ＩＢＭ－ＰＣ机上绘出了ＴＴＴ曲线及ＣＣＴ曲线。     

稀土轨钢过冷奥氏体转变机理及CCT曲线的预测方法

通过金相观察、扫描电镜分析、能谱分析、电化学萃取定量相分析等方法,研究了稀土和铌元素对稀土微合金重轨钢热处理性能的影响机理．结果表明,铌影响碳的扩散是铌提高轨钢淬透性的主要机理;稀土通过在晶界偏聚和影响碳的扩散而对过冷奥氏体产生一定的影响;而稀土轨钢淬透性提高的主要原因在于硅锰含量的增加．在机理分析的基础上,建立了该钢种过冷奥氏体等温转变和连续冷却转变曲线的预测方法．     

机车车轮用钢奥氏体晶粒的长大行为

采用金相显微镜和截距法,对不同加热温度和保温时间下机车车轮用钢的奥氏体晶粒长大行为进行研究,分析加热温度和保温时间对奥氏体晶粒尺寸的影响,应用简单动力学模型对奥氏体晶粒的长大过程进行分析,同时研究钢中第二相粒子变化对奥氏体晶粒长大的影响.随着加热温度的升高和保温时间的延长,奥氏体晶粒尺寸明显增加,加热温度对晶粒的长大影响更明显.奥氏体晶粒长大的动力学时间指数随着温度升高而增加且其值均接近理论值0.5;奥氏体晶粒长大和钢中第二相粒子AlN体积分数和尺寸的变化呈明显的相关性.     

奥氏体——贝氏体球铁显微组织及等温转变过程的研究

本文作者利用X射线衍射及电子显微技术对不同热处理工艺的奥氏体——贝氏体球铁的显微组织进行了定性及定量分析,并在此基础上着重讨论了球铁等温淬火的转变过程,在本文中论述了奥氏体化温度、时间,等温温度、时间对残余奥氏体含量、合碳量、硬度HV值以及贝氏体形态的影响,还讨论了残余奥氏体含量与含碳量之间的关系。     

Development of a new coated electrode with low nickel content for welding ductile iron and its response to austempering

Coated Electrodes with small amounts of nickel were developed for welding ductile iron (DI) and conversion of the same into austempered ductile iron (ADI) after austempering. Among six electrodes, Trials 3 and 4 were selected for establishing crack-free weld deposits via preheating and post-weld heat treatment. Austenitization was performed at 900℃ for 2 h and austempering at 300 or 350℃ for three different holding times to observe the results of austempering with respect to the microstructure, hardness, and austempering kinetics of the samples. The microstructures of the weld deposits showed needle-like bainitic ferrite with small amounts of retained austenite when treated at 300℃ and feathery bainitic ferrite with large amounts of retainedaustenite when treated at 350℃. The electrode labeled with Trial 3 revealed greater austenite contents than that labeled with Trial 4 when treated with a 2 h holding time regardless of the austempering temperature applied. The transformation rate of the bainitic ferrite of Trial 3 was relatively higher than that of Trial 4 and showed a lower rate constant, leading to a higher diffusion rate of carbon in austenite.     

球墨铸铁中渗碳体球化的影响

The research aims to provide an alternative to austempering treatment of ductile cast iron with a simple and cost-effective heat-treatment process. This goal was accomplished by applying a simple one-step spheroidization heat treatment to the as-cast ductile iron, which would normally possess a coarse pearlitic microstructure to a significant extent. Spheroidization experiments involving isothermal holding below the lower critical temperature (A1) were conducted followed by standard mechanical testing and microstructural characterization for an experimental ductile iron. After improving the spheroidization holding time at a given temperature, the work shows that the ductility and toughness of an as-cast ductile iron can be improved by 90% and 40%, respectively, at the cost of reducing the tensile strength by 8%. Controlled discretization of the continuous cementite network in pearlitic matrix of the ductile iron is deemed responsible for the improved properties. The work also shows that prolonged holding time during spheroidization heat treatment leads to degradation of mechanical properties due to the inhomogenous microstructure formation caused by heterogeneous decomposition and cementite clustering in the material. The main outcome of this work is the demonstration of ductile cast iron’s necking behavior due to spheroidization heat treatment.     

Effect of spheroidization of cementite in ductile cast iron

The research aims to provide an alternative to austempering treatment of ductile cast iron with a simple and cost-effective heat-treatment process. This goal was accomplished by applying a simple one-step spheroidization heat treatment to the as-cast ductile iron, which would normally possess a coarse pearlitic microstructure to a significant extent. Spheroidization experiments involving isothermal holding below the lower critical temperature(A1) were conducted followed by standard mechanical testing and microstructural characterization for an experimental ductile iron. After improving the spheroidization holding time at a given temperature, the work shows that the ductility and toughness of an as-cast ductile iron can be improved by 90% and 40%, respectively, at the cost of reducing the tensile strength by 8%. Controlled discretization of the continuous cementite network in pearlitic matrix of the ductile iron is deemed responsible for the improved properties. The work also shows that prolonged holding time during spheroidization heat treatment leads to degradation of mechanical properties due to the inhomogenous microstructure formation caused by heterogeneous decomposition and cementite clustering in the material. The main outcome of this work is the demonstration of ductile cast iron's necking behavior due to spheroidization heat treatment.     

离心奥氏体──贝氏体球墨铸铁管

比较系统地研究了合金元素Ｃｕ、Ｍｏ和等淬时间及温度对离心奥氏体／贝氏体球墨铸铁管组织与性能的影响，找出了合金元素Ｃｕ、Ｍｏ对离心奥氏体／贝氏体球墨铸铁管的影响规律，确定了适宜的热处理工艺参数，并在实验室生产出性能良好的离心奥氏体／贝氏体球墨铸铁管。     

金相图片的伪彩色处理应用研究

本文应用光栅位相型伪彩色编码方法对黑白金相图片进行伪彩色处理研究,提高了金相分析的分辨率,彩色丰富,弥补了黑白色相分析的不足;并且研制了金相专用的彩色处理仪器,为金相分析增添一个新的工具。     

等温温度对超细贝氏体钢组织演变规律的影响

通过热膨胀试验研究实验钢的等温转变动力学,采用盐浴等温淬火工艺制备超细贝氏体组织,利用扫描电镜、透射电镜和X射线衍射仪定量分析工艺参数对微观组织结构的影响.结果显示:实验钢室温组织由大量超细板条状贝氏体铁素体和板条间分布的薄膜状奥氏体的复相组织构成,210℃等温淬火得到的贝氏体板条间距细化到约60 nm,硬度约为HBW610;实验钢的最终组织特征取决于发生贝氏体转变的等温温度和等温时间,等温温度越低时贝氏体转变完成需要的等温时间越长.     

Formation kinetics of austenite in pearlitic ductile iron

This work evaluated the isothermal transformation of austenite in unalloyed pearlitic ductile iron and drew the isothermal phase diagram of austenitization in the ductile iron. Austenite forms at grain boundaries and then grows up to graphite regions during austenitization. The formation kinetics of austenite complies with the Avrami equation, in which the parameter (n) ranges from 4.71 to 4.99. The start time and finish time of transformation can be calculated at each temperature using the Avrami equation.     

Failure analysis of 18CrNi3MoA drilling tails

The fracture of a drilling tail made of 18CrNi3MoA steel in the exchanging water hole was analyzed in terms of inclusions, prior austenite grain size, carburized layers, and fatigue fracture morphology by means of optical microscopy, quantitative metallography, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fatigue crack initiation and propagation on the drilling tail were also studied. The results showed that the fracture on the drilling tail was not induced by inclusions and the distribution inhomogeneity of prior austenite grain size. Instead, because the outside surface of the exchanging water hole was not continuously geometric, there was a great deal of stress concentration in those areas under continuous twisting, axial impact, and corrosion of mineral water. Thus three crack sources emerged in these areas. Initial cracks centered on these sources spread from the outside surface to the inside surface, and eventually the drilling tail ruptured. Furthermore, the fractograph of the region around the crack sources exhibited a typical ductile dimple fracture pattern, and cracks initiated on the outside surface of the carburized layers of the exchanging water hole. Three crack sources could be the sources of fatigue crack propagation. Based on the analysis of fatigue crack propagation, it was further demonstrated that fatigue damage originated from the outside surface of the exchanging water hole.     

微观组织对70Cr3Mo钢接触疲劳性能的影响

采用金相、ＳＥＭ、ＴＥＭ、ＸＲＤ等手段,研究了钢不同热处理条件下７０Ｃｒ３Ｍｏ的组织对接触疲劳性能的影响,,结果表明：７０Ｃｒ３Ｍｏ钢直接淬火＋回火条件下以孪晶马氏 主的组织的接触疲劳性能高于等温淬火＋回火条件下贝氏体的接触强度。