烧结气氛对钢渣陶瓷晶相和性能的影响

利用钢渣制备陶瓷材料是钢渣资源化大宗利用的一条新途径.开展不同烧结气氛对钢渣陶瓷影响规律的研究,对推动钢渣陶瓷技术的应用具有重要意义.以20%钢渣和80%黏土为原料,分别在空气和氮气气氛下,制备了钢渣陶瓷样品,分析了其晶相转变和性能变化规律,并定量研究了氧分压对钢渣陶瓷中铁元素价态转变的影响机理.研究表明,在空气条件下烧结时,原料中的Fe2+发生氧化形成赤铁矿相,烧结样品物理性能要优于在氮气条件下烧结的样品,其抗压强度和吸水率为310 MPa和3.7%;而在氮气条件下烧结时,Fe2+形成铁铝尖晶石和铁辉石,烧结样品中形成的气孔大小和数量要大于和多于空气条件下的样品,这是导致其力学性能较差的一个主要原因.铁元素赋存晶相转变的氧分压临界范围为0.5%~0.75%:当分压低于0.5%时,可以获得以铁铝尖晶石和铁辉石为主的黑色或褐色陶瓷样品;当氧分压超过0.75%时,Fe2+开始发生氧化并形成Fe3+,逐渐形成赤铁矿并带来样品颜色为褐黄色或褐红色.增加烧结环境中氧气分压量是减少钢渣陶瓷产品黑心的一个重要手段.     

热处理时间对赤泥粉煤灰微晶玻璃抗压强度影响

以94％的赤泥和粉煤灰为原料,采用烧结法制备了微晶玻璃,利用XRD、SEM等测试手段分析试样的物相及形貌,根据DTA曲线显示,考查热处理时间对微晶玻璃抗压强度的影响。结果表明：微晶玻璃的主晶相为钙铝黄长石;随着核化和晶化时间的延长,微晶玻璃的抗压强度呈现了先增加后减小的趋势;最佳核化时间为2h,晶化时间为2h;最大抗压强度为102．84MPa。     

B4C-TiB2-SiC复合陶瓷的SPS制备及组织性能研究

针对B₄C陶瓷烧结性能较差、成本较高的技术问题,提出了一种新型的B₄C基复合陶瓷的制备方法. 该方法以B₄C、Ti₃SiC₂及Si的混合粉作为初始粉体,通过放电等离子烧结技术（SPS）制备第二相（TiB₂+SiC）质量分数为30%的B₄C-TiB₂-SiC复合陶瓷,利用SPS特殊的烧结机制以及烧结过程中的原位放热反应,有效提升了B₄C陶瓷的烧结性能,降低了B₄C陶瓷的制造成本. 研究结果表明,在烧结温度为1650 °C,保温时间为5 min,烧结压力为50 MPa的条件下,制备得到了具有较高致密度（98.5%）的B₄C-TiB₂-SiC复合陶瓷. 随着烧结压力的增加,B₄C-TiB₂-SiC复合陶瓷的硬度逐渐增大,断裂韧性不断减小,而复合陶瓷的弯曲强度则呈现出先缓慢增加后迅速增大的变化趋势.      

微波烧结Y2O3-ZrO2陶瓷的特异性

用微波和常规方法烧结了Y2O3掺杂量为2％（摩尔分数）的ZrO2陶瓷（2Y－TZP陶瓷）。用X－射线衍射法（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM0观测了材料的相组成和显微结构，同时研究了材料的致密性和力学性能。结果表明；尽管微波烧结的样品平均晶粒尺寸比临界晶粒尺寸大很多，但其四方相的含量却比常规烧结的样品多；微波烧结的2Y－TZP陶瓷抗弯强度较高。     

Effects of BN content on the mechanical properties of nanocrystalline 3Y-TZP/Al2O3/BN dental ceramics

3Y-TZP/3wt％ Al2O3 powder was coated with varying amounts of BN using the urea and borate reaction sintering method, and then multiphase ceramics were prepared by hot pressing sintering. The micro-topography and the compositional analysis of synthesized ceramics were conducted through scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. A mechanical tester was used to analyze the Vickers hardness, fracture toughness, and bending strength of the synthesized ceramics. The results showed that the ceramic with a BN content of 12wt％ showed the best processability, but had diminished mechanical properties (such as fracture toughness and bending strength). The ceramic with a BN content of 9wt％ showed better processability than those with 3wt％ and 6wt％ BN. However, the fracture toughness was affected by the addition of 9wt％ BN, making this ceramic only usable as a base material for a three-unit fixed bridge. In con-trast, the ceramics with a BN content of 3wt％ or 6wt％ fulfilled the criteria for use in multi-unit restoration, but their low processability made them unsuitable for milling after sintering.     

Effects of BN content on the mechanical properties of nanocrystalline 3Y-TZP/Al_2O_3/BN dental ceramics

3 Y-TZP/3 wt% Al_2O_3 powder was coated with varying amounts of BN using the urea and borate reaction sintering method, and then multiphase ceramics were prepared by hot pressing sintering. The micro-topography and the compositional analysis of synthesized ceramics were conducted through scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. A mechanical tester was used to analyze the Vickers hardness, fracture toughness, and bending strength of the synthesized ceramics. The results showed that the ceramic with a BN content of 12 wt% showed the best processability, but had diminished mechanical properties(such as fracture toughness and bending strength). The ceramic with a BN content of 9 wt% showed better processability than those with 3 wt% and 6 wt% BN. However, the fracture toughness was affected by the addition of 9 wt% BN, making this ceramic only usable as a base material for a three-unit fixed bridge. In contrast, the ceramics with a BN content of 3 wt% or 6 wt% fulfilled the criteria for use in multi-unit restoration, but their low processability made them unsuitable for milling after sintering.     

B_4C陶瓷材料的无压烧结与性能

以碳化硼微粉作为原料,选用SiC和C为烧结助剂,研究了SiC和C对无压烧结B4C材料的体积密度、硬度、抗折强度和断裂韧性等性能的影响.结果表明,最佳烧结温度为1975℃,保温时间是30min.SiC和C的质量分数对材料密度、硬度和抗折强度的影响都是先增大后减小.烧结助剂SiC和C的最佳添加量分别为6%和5%(质量分数)时,得到相应的无压烧结B4C陶瓷材料的最佳力学性能:体积密度为2.45g/cm3,维氏硬度为35GPa,抗折强度为240MPa,断裂韧性为3.0MPa.m1/2     

陶土-粉煤灰基吸附性陶瓷基体的制备及其吸附性能

以陶土和改性粉煤灰为原料,采用半干压成型工艺制备了吸附性陶瓷基体。研究了原料预处理、配比、烧成温度等对陶瓷基体性能的影响,确定了最佳制备条件：陶土和改性粉煤灰质量比8∶2,升温速率1 ℃/min,烧成温度900 ℃。在此条件下制得的陶瓷基体的孔隙率为36.75%,孔径分布区间在5～27 nm,纯水通量52.89 L/(m²·h),压缩强度17.923MPa。对罗丹明B、亚甲蓝、刚果红模拟印染废水、含PO^3- ₄废水和含Fe²⁺废水的处理结果表明,所制备的陶瓷基体具有良好的吸附和截留性能。     

烧结法赤泥全尾砂胶结充填料

为了解决全尾砂、赤泥大量堆积产生的环境问题,实验采用烧结法赤泥、全尾砂等固体废弃物制备矿山充填料.结果表明:胶结剂的优化配比为赤泥49.2%+矿渣32.8%+熟料10%+石膏8%;充填料强度随着全尾砂掺量的增加而急剧下降;试块在水化初期即出现钙矾石、C-S-H凝胶,这些水化产物对早期强度的提高有很大帮助;差式扫描-热重分析表明试块在水化初期即可固结大量水.烧结法赤泥全尾砂胶结充填料具有早期强度高、固结水量大以及大量利用废料等特点,可满足目前矿山充填的需要.     

利用反应烧结法制备多孔碳化物陶瓷

利用反应烧结的方法,通过甲烷碳化还原三种过渡金属氧化物( Cr2 O3、TiO2和WO3)压坯,制备了其相应的多孔形态的碳化物( Cr3 C2、TiC和WC)陶瓷。通过扫描电子显微镜观察检测,对反应烧结产物的表面和截面形貌进行了分析,并对这三种过渡金属碳化物的孔隙结构进行了初步的表征。通过物相分析研究了反应烧结的动力学过程,发现利用含体积分数10%甲烷的混合气体碳化还原制备多孔TiC和WC陶瓷的起始温度分别为1200℃和1000℃,低于这两个温度时发生其他相变,有其他中间产物生成。利用反应烧结的方法制备多孔Cr3 C2陶瓷时,反应烧结温度越高,碳化铬陶瓷的骨架和孔隙平均尺寸越大。     

PbO对Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3陶瓷相成分的影响

采用固相反应法制备了一系列Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3压电陶瓷,研究了过量PbO对PZT陶瓷相成分的影响.用X射线衍射对陶瓷的相结构进行了分析,采用场发射扫描电镜对断面形貌进行表征,并用能谱仪对微观区域的陶瓷成分进行测试.实验结果表明:当PbO缺乏时,陶瓷上表面易出现由PbZrO3分解产生的ZrO2,下表面易出现PbTi3O7和焦绿石相.当PbO过量时,陶瓷微观区域的成分会发生波动,成分的一致性也将受到破坏.此外,过量PbO还将使PZT相结构发生向富钛方向的移动.采用先进的陶瓷制备工艺有助于克服成分波动和相结构变化现象.     

Effects of Fe_2O_3 on the properties of ceramics from steel slag

Ferric oxide is one of the key factors affecting both the microstructure and the properties of CaO-MgO-SiO_2-based ceramics. Research on this effect is significant in the utilization of iron-rich solid wastes in ceramics. Ceramic samples with various Fe_2O_3 contents(0 wt%, 5 wt%, and 10 wt%) were prepared and the corresponding physical properties and microstructure were studied. The results indicated that Fe_2O_3 not only played a fluxing role, but also promoted the formation of crystals. Ceramics with 5 wt% of Fe_2O_3 addition attained the best mechanical properties with a flexural strength of 132.9 MPa. Iron ions were dissolved into diopside, consequently causing phase transformation from diopside and protoenstatite to augite, thereby contributing to the enhancement of its properties. An excess amount of Fe_2O_3 addition(10 wt% or more) resulted in deteriorated properties due to the generation of an excess volume of liquid and the formation of high-porosity structures within ceramics.     

Effects of Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> on the properties of ceramics from steel slag

Ferric oxide is one of the key factors affecting both the microstructure and the properties of CaO-MgO-SiO₂-based ceramics. Research on this effect is significant in the utilization of iron-rich solid wastes in ceramics. Ceramic samples with various Fe₂O₃ contents (0wt%, 5wt%, and 10wt%) were prepared and the corresponding physical properties and microstructure were studied. The results indicated that Fe₂O₃ not only played a fluxing role, but also promoted the formation of crystals. Ceramics with 5wt% of Fe₂O₃ addition attained the best mechanical properties with a flexural strength of 132.9 MPa. Iron ions were dissolved into diopside, consequently causing phase transformation from diopside and protoenstatite to augite, thereby contributing to the enhancement of its properties. An excess amount of Fe₂O₃ addition (10wt% or more) resulted in deteriorated properties due to the generation of an excess volume of liquid and the formation of high-porosity structures within ceramics.     

氮化硅陶瓷添加剂和制备工艺的研究进展

随着对氮化硅陶瓷研究的不断深入,其热学性能、介电性能有了极大的改善,使之可应用在电子器件等领域。总结了制备氮化硅陶瓷材料所使用的烧结助剂,包括氧化物烧结助剂、非氧化物烧结助剂和其他烧结助剂;比较了氮化硅陶瓷材料的烧结方式,包括热压烧结、气压烧结、放电等离子烧结、无压烧结和反应烧结;论述了与氮化硅相关的复合材料的研究进展;展望了氮化硅陶瓷材料研究的发展趋势。     

保温时间对铝厂废渣研制的氧化铝磨介微观结构及性能影响

以铝型材厂废渣为主要原料,通过添加少量粘土,滑石及碳酸钡复合助烧剂研制刚玉耐磨瓷球.探讨不同保温时间对瓷球微观结构及各项性能指标的影响.采用XRD和SEM等测试手段探讨其晶相结构和显微结构并测试抗弯强度、硬度、磨损率和气孔率等性能指标.结果表明:最佳保温时间为3 h,此时样品由4种晶相组成,其中刚玉为主晶相,含量约75%,其各项性能分别为:吸水率为0.032%,气孔率为0.105%,体积密度为3.289 g/cm3,抗弯强度为136 MPa,显微硬度为8.25 GPa,磨损率为0.044 1%/h.     

赤泥处理铅酸蓄电池厂硫酸雾研究

采用固定床动态吸附法研究赤泥对硫酸雾的吸附效果,探讨了赤泥不同煅烧温度、煅烧时间以及填料孔隙率对硫酸雾吸附效果的影响.结果表明,赤泥对硫酸雾具有较好的去除效果.当煅烧温度为750 ℃、煅烧时间为5 h、孔隙率为26%时,赤泥对硫酸雾的去除率最高,能达到95%以上.运用扫描电镜、X 射线衍射、比表面积测定等方法分析了赤泥的结构特征和成分组成,证明赤泥具有较好的吸附性能.     

粉煤灰基多孔陶瓷过滤材料的制备和性能

以粉煤灰为骨料,采用添加造孔剂法制备粉煤灰基多孔陶瓷过滤材料,研究了造孔剂用量和烧结温度对其性能的影响.通过压汞仪、X射线衍射仪和场发射扫描电子显微镜等分析测试技术对试样进行了性能表征.结果表明:随着造孔剂用量的增加,显气孔率和吸水率升高,抗弯强度和密度下降.提高烧结温度可以有效提高抗弯强度,而不影响材料的主要物相组成;当烧结温度大于1 175℃时,显气孔率和透气度显著下降.造孔剂用量为35%,烧结温度为1 175℃时,可制得抗弯强度大、气孔发达及高比表面积的多孔陶瓷过滤材料.     

单斜相SrAl2Si2O8陶瓷的烧结及其对Sr的固化

Monoclinic SrAl₂Si₂O₈ ceramics for Sr immobilization were prepared by a liquid-phase sintering method. The sintering temperature, mineral phase composition, microstructure, flexural strength, bulk density, and Sr ion leaching characteristics of the SrAl₂Si₂O₈ ceramics were investigated. A crystalline monoclinic SrAl₂Si₂O₈ phase formed through liquid-phase sintering at 1223 K. The introduction of four flux agents (B₂O₃, CaO·2B₂O₃, SrO·2B₂O₃, and BaO·2B₂O₃) to the SrAl₂Si₂O₈ ceramics not only reduced the densification temperature and decreased the volatilization of Sr during high-temperature sintering but also impacted the mechanical properties of the ceramics. Product consistency tests showed that the leaching concentration of Sr ions in the sample with flux agent B₂O₃ was the lowest, whereas that of Sr ions in the sample with flux agent BaO·2B₂O₃ was the highest. These results show that the leaching concentration of Sr ions depends largely on the amorphous phase in the ceramics. Meanwhile, the formation of mineral analog ceramics containing Sr is an important factor to improve Sr immobilization.     

灰渣改良压实混合赤泥的力学性能研究

以中铝贵州分公司生产的拜耳法赤泥、烧结法赤泥和灰渣为对象,对拜尔法∶烧结法=1∶1和拜尔法∶烧结法∶灰渣=50∶50∶15两种配比混合赤泥进行了击实试验。以击实试验所得的最优含水量和最大干密度为依据制作试验样品,研究了掺灰渣与不掺灰渣两种配比混合赤泥在90%和95%两种压实度情况下、最优含水量和浸水饱和两种状态时的抗剪性能和压缩性。研究得出:1添加灰渣混合赤泥滤饼的最大干密度较未加灰渣的略大,最优含水量略小;2添加灰渣可提高最优含水量状态混合赤泥的抗剪强度,但添加灰渣的混合赤泥浸水饱和后的抗剪强度较未添加灰渣时降低;3添加灰渣的混合赤泥的压缩模量较未加灰渣的高得多,并且提高压实度能显著提高掺灰渣混合赤泥的压缩模量,而对未加灰渣的混合赤泥,在压实度提高时,压缩模量增加并不显著;4添加灰渣可改善混合赤泥的抗剪性能和压缩性能,但宜在最优含水量状态下工作,并建议添加灰渣混合赤泥用于筑坝时应做好防渗措施。     

湿法合成氧化物纳米陶瓷研究进展

本文对氧化物纳米陶瓷的制备研究现状进行综合评述 ,包括纳米粉体的制备和表征、成型与烧结。着重分析了湿化学合成纳米粉体工艺中硬团聚现象产生的原因和消除方法。在此基础上 ,对氧化物纳米陶瓷的发展前景进行了简单分析