三方博弈下的村委会选举

村干部、乡村精英及普通民众是村委会选举的直接参与者.三者在村委会选举的博弈中,往往以村干部和乡村精英的联合胜出而告终,普通民众一直处于权力的边缘,导致选举力量的严重失衡.这不仅促使了部分民众的政治冷漠,也阻碍了基层民主的健康发展.因此,首先要规范村民选举制度,细化操作流程.其次要保障村民选举制度,加强国家主导.最后要拓宽村委会选举出入口,消解地方利益集团.通过上述措施打破村干部与乡村精英之间的利益组合,畅通普通民众参选通道,平衡选举权博弈中的三方力量.     

村委会与党支部的互动关系研究

农村社会的权力结构是由多种因素构成的复合体,涵盖了农村传统的宗族势力、所谓的"黑金势力"以及新崛起的经济势力等等。既然是多种因素共存的复合体,必然会存在权力的博弈,村民自治选举结果就是这些势力的博弈,但这一结果并不意味着博弈的结束,而是转化为以村党支部和村委会为代表的新博弈,是党支部和村委会"新关系"的开始。本文在引入"非体制精英"概念的基础上,分析了党支部和村委会在处理村庄日常事务中的关系,试图对村庄选举之后的权力博弈进行梳理。     

国家权力主导下的村民选举——从自发性民主到现实性民主的探索

中国以村民选举为主要内容的乡村自治的改革经过30年的发展，乡村民主逐渐从自发性民主过渡到现实性民主，在国家权力的推动下，乡村社会一定程度上获得了有法律保障的民主权力。村民选举能够在乡村逐渐推行，主要得益于四种力量的推动，即各地农民的实践、民政部门的总结、中央高层的推动和全国人大的立法。乡村民主的每一步发展，都和行政力量的推动紧密联系，可以说村民选举是民间智慧和国家权利相互配合，共同寻找到的一种新的乡村社会管理模式。     

选举传播对乡村政治文化的正向建构

中国古代社会具有强国家、弱社会的特征，国家对乡村社会拥有无所不在的统治权。从1980年代开始推行的村民选举制度，通过国家法律的确认和村民选举的实践，逐渐实现了农民的有限自治。村民选举作为一种制度创新成果，它在乡村社会的传播，促进了乡村公共领域的形成，增强了农民的契约意识，提高了农民的民主精神，进而使乡村政治文化在结构上做出新的调整。在新的乡村政治环境下，民意成为乡村政治的精神基础，协商成为乡村治理的工作机制，诚信成为乡村发展的动力源泉。     

中国农村二元权力结构论

根据作者第一手调查资料 ,紧密结合广东农村撤区设村、统一实施《村委会组织法》的改革实践 ,从农村二元权力结构的理论视野 ,着重分析了村民选举后村委会与党支部的权力关系及其变化。认为 ,直接公开的村民选举导入了一种自下而上的民主权力 ,促使农村权力关系从一元权力结构向二元权力结构的转型。在现行的宏观政治框架内 ,建立在权力资源配置多元化和权力来源渠道二元化基础之上的农村党政关系 ,通过“两票制”和“二选联动机制”把村民选举的制度机制同时引入村委会与党支部建设 ,有助于“完善党的领导 -发展村民自治”双赢目标的实现。     

西藏第五届村民委员会换届选举现状调查研究

对西藏村委会选举情况进行调查研究,不仅可以客观地了解西藏村民自治的进程,而且有利于政策制定者掌握西藏村委会选举工作中出现的新情况、新问题,从而不断调整政策的规范方向。文章通过对西藏第五届村民委员会选举情况的实地调查,了解西藏村委会选举的程序,对选举中存在的问题及其原因进行了分析,并对如何作好西藏农牧民的选举工作进行了探讨。     

村民自治的中层参与制度建设

选举是民主制度的基础而非全部,但是目前我国的村民自治对选举之外的其他中层参与制度关注不足。由于我国农民处在一种＂社会化小农＂的阶段上,其政治参与具有被动、资源不足、非专业性和怀疑性特征,中层参与制度的缺失必定会使村民自治的实际效果大打折扣。要加强中层参与制度的建设：村干部应当主动沟通、引入中立第三方支持机制、政府加大资源投入、降低农民参与村政的门槛,以便使农民真正实现有序有效的政治参与。     

对我国村委会贿选现象的思考

1982年《宪法》与1998年的《村民委员会组织法》，确立了村民自治的基本制度。自从这个制度实施以来，对我国社会主义政治文明和新农村的建设起着良好的推动作用，但是在村委会选举中存在的贿选现象严重危害着村民自治的健康发展。笔者从对“贿选”概念的界定起，通过分析贿选产生的原因，从而提出治理贿选问题的对策与建议。     

论村民自治选举程序的完善

选举程序直接决定村委会的产生及其组成人员的民意基础,因此完善选举程序是推进村民自治的关键环节。鉴于此,《村组法》应该在程序上进一步明确选举委员会成员的资格,确定科学的选举方案,建立选民登记异议制度,健全正式候选人产生机制,规范选举大会现场。     

论老舍在《四世同堂》中对民族伦理文化问题的思考

描绘中国文化在日寇入侵时的多样折射，是小说《四世同堂》的一个重要内容。小说中塑造了代表中国传统文化不同方面的三类形象：精英、败类和普通民众。描绘了他们在侵略者面前所持的不同态度：精英舍身取义，败类见利忘义，普通民众则既不乏民族感又往往苟且偷生。精英体现了中国传统文化向中国新文化转化的根基和方向，败类显示了传统文化的窳败，普通民众则昭示了中国传统文化的复杂性。显现在普通民众言行中缺“刺”的文化过熟现象是老舍关注的热点。挖掘文化过熟的根源，是《四世同堂》的另一个重要内容。大家庭制度和顺民教育是《四世同堂》中揭示的文化过熟的重要根源。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.