用亚硝酸异戊酯对芳胺的重氮化

本依据芳胺的溶解度大小，碱性强弱以及后叙反应的要求，对在EtONa EtOH体系中，用亚硝酸异戊酯对芳胺进行重氮化的方法及反应机理进行了讨论。     

芳基化Ⅱ、某些多环芳丁酮的合成及波谱特征

本文报道通过改良的Meerwein芳基化反应由芳胺合成1—萘丁酮,2—萘丁酮和联苯二丁酮,并且讨论了它们的红外光谱和核磁共振谱特征。结果表明:由芳胺重氮化经改良的Meerwein芳基化反应能直接高产率地制得相应的多环芳丁酮,并且根据它们的波谱可以判断其取代模式。     

聚乙烯酮偶氮颜料的合成与性能研究

以无毒的聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料,控制适当反应条件,将其氧化为聚乙烯酮(PVK).然后再以合适的芳胺经重氮化反应偶合到PVK的活性亚甲基上,合成出类汉沙黄颜料.对反应的条件(时间,温度等)进行了讨论,优化了反应条件.     

氯代邻羟基二苯醚类化合物的合成工艺

氯代邻羟基二苯醚类化合物被广泛用作杀茵剂、医药及日化、卫生用品等的抗茵成分.目前,该类化合物主要通过氯代邻氨基二苯醚重氮化水解反应制得,由于制备过程伴有分子内关环副反应,导致产品收率和质量很低.文中对影响氯代邻氨基二苯醚重氮化水解反应的主要因素和工艺条件进行了系统研究,结果表明,取代基对氯代邻氨基二苯醚重氮盐的水解和分子内关环反应的选择性有重要影响,金属离子对分子内关环反应有显著催化作用,制备氯代邻羟基二苯醚的较佳工艺条件为:重氮化硫酸质量分数为95%～98%;水解硫酸质量分数为74%～78%;重氮化温度为55～60℃;水解温度为160～175℃.     

芳香肼的合成

芳香肼是合成杂环化合物的重要原料,笔者进行了由芳胺合成芳香肼的研究,共合成了7个芳香肼:邻-甲苯肼、对-甲苯肼、对-氯苯肼、邻-甲酸苯肼、间-硝基苯肼盐酸盐、对-硝基苯肼、对-磺酸苯肼,在实验操作中,进行了以下改进:采用SnCl_2作还原剂,使操作简便;制得肼的盐酸盐后,用1∶1盐酸重结晶,防止形成肼后提纯步骤过多,使肼被氧化;萃取前先过滤,提高萃取效率。实验说明,由于重氮化和SnCl_2·2H_2O还原是放热过程,会导致体系温度升高分解重氮盐,反应必须在冰水浴中进行.芳胺是弱碱,要形成铵正离子反应必须在强酸性条件下进行,重氮化反应严重受取代基吸电子效应的影响,氨基甲苯的重氮化很易进行,而硝基苯胺重氮化相当困难。取代基位置也影响重氮化速度,吸电子基团严重防碍邻、对位氨基重氮化.从以下收率数据:邻-甲苯肼61％,邻-甲苯肼盐酸盐55.7％,对-氯苯肼57.1％,对-氯苯肼盐酸盐52.7％,邻-羧酸苯肼65％,对-甲苯肼盐酸盐31.6％,对-磷酸苯肼47.8％,对-硝基苯肼49.2％,间-硝基苯肼盐酸盐50.1％可以看出,收率受重氮化和还原作用双重影响,邻-甲苯肼,对-氯苯肼重氮化很易进行,产率高,间-硝基苯肼、对-硝基苯肼重氮化难进行,但由于形成的重氮盐很稳定易被还原,所以产率比邻-羧酸苯肼、对-磺酸苯肼高,一般芳香肼是     

催化氧化法处理含芳胺模拟废水的研究

文章以自制的Fe3O4纳米颗粒为催化剂,采用催化氧化法处理含苯胺和对硝基苯胺2种芳胺模拟废水.通过单因素条件实验分别考察了反应时间、反应温度、pH值、催化剂用量及H2O2的用量等因素的变化对模拟废水中芳胺去除率的影响.结果表明,处理100 mL含苯胺模拟废水的优化条件为:反应时间60 min,温度40℃,pH=3.5,...     

芳香醛与芳香酮及芳香胺的曼尼希反应

芳香醛、芳香酮与芳香胺在少量浓盐酸催化下于１０ ～２５ ℃直接发生曼尼希反应（ＭａｎｎｉｃｈＲｅａｃｔｉｏｎ） ,合成了４０ 个未见文献报道的曼尼希碱（Ｍａｎｎｉｃｈ Ｂａｓｅｓ） ,产率为１８．９ ％ ～９２ ．０ ％ ．考察了芳环上取代基、盐酸用量、反应温度和时间对反应的影响。     

新型三氮烯试剂的合成及其性质

在稀盐酸存在下,对硝基苯胺经亚硝酸正丁酯重氮化生成重氮化试剂,再与芳胺发生氮偶联反应,合成了一种三氮烯类新试剂.通过质谱分析、红外光谱和核磁共振数据证实产物为三氮烯类化合物.实验结果表明,新合成的三氮烯试剂与微量金属离子Cu2+,Ag+,Zn2+,pd2+等的显色反应具有很高的灵敏度.     

邻异丙基苯酚系列偶氮化合物的合成及性质研究

以邻异丙基苯酚为原料与７个不同取代芳胺偶联合成了７个偶氮化合物，各化合物的结构均经元素分析和各波谱鉴定确定，测定了离解常数并对不同重氮组分的重氮化的条件进行了探讨。     

含偶氮基希夫碱的合成

为合成含偶氮基希夫碱,并明确合成产物的物理常数,以芳胺和水杨醛为原料,实验采用新方法合成了5-(4’-取代苯偶氮)水杨醛,再和氨基硫脲反应合成目标化合物含偶氮基希夫碱。对偶氮化合物的合成条件进行了探索,得到了最佳反应条件为:温度在0～5℃之间,pH值在5～6之间。通过红外光谱和理化分析进行了表征。结果表明,本次实验成功地合成了含偶氮基希夫碱。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with