PEG催化合成1.4-双(咪唑-1-基)丁烷

本文以聚乙二醇(PEG)为相转移催化剂,由咪唑和1.4-二溴丁烷,在苯,50%的NaOH溶液中反应,合成了1.4-双(咪唑-1-基)丁烷.该法条件温和,操作简单,产品分离,纯化方便,产率92%,具有一定的实用价值.     

25-羟基-26,27，28-三丁氧基杯[4]芳烃的合成

以杯[4]芳烃为原料,溴代正丁烷为烷基化试剂合成了25-羟基-26,27,28-三丁氧基杯[4]芳烃,以红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行了表征,并且通过正交实验对其合成条件进行了优化.实验结果表明:当杯[4]芳烃1.0 g,Ba(OH)2·8H2O 1.12 g,BaO 0.54 g,溴代正丁烷9 mL,以DMF 25 mL做溶剂,在室温下反应12个小时, 25-羟基-26,27,28-三丁氧基杯[4]芳烃的产率最高可达44.5%.     

微波及超声波辅助合成溴化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑

用溴代正丁烷与N-甲基咪唑,在微波辐射和超声波协同作用下合成离子液体溴化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑,通过正交试验设计方法考察实验条件最高温度,合成反应时间,微波功率和超声波功率对合成产率的影响,优选得到最佳的合成所需要的实验条件:超声波功率100 W、微波功率400W、反应时间60min和最高温度60℃.溴化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑的结构通过红外光谱进行表征.在超声波和微波的协调作用下,此反应具有合成反应所需时间短,合成产物产率高,实验操作过程简便等优点.     

1-溴丁烷的制备过程中2-溴丁烷生成机理的探讨

使用正丁醇、溴化钠和硫酸反应制备1-溴丁烷,而副产物2-溴丁烷的产生影响了1-溴丁烷的产率和1-溴丁烷性质实验的验证.通过改变反应物的组成、来源及反应条件,可以从不同方面了解2-溴丁烷的生成机理,进而控制副反应的发生,减少1-溴丁烷的制备过程中副产物的生成.     

季铵盐型双子表面活性剂18-4-18的合成

以十八烷基二甲基叔胺与1,4-二溴丁烷为原料合成季铵盐型双子表面活性剂18-4-18,并通过单因素法确定该反应的最佳工艺条件。由实验得出合成18-4-18的最佳反应条件为:反应温度70℃,将1,4-二溴丁烷加入到过量的十八烷基二甲基叔胺中,反应物摩尔比为n(十八烷基二甲基叔胺):n(1,4-二溴丁烷)=2.2:1,保温搅拌48 h,反应产率为75.6%。     

固-液相转移催化合成1-氰基环丁烷-1-羧酸乙酯

以PEG6 0 0为相转移催化剂 ,无水碳酸钾为碱 ,1 ,2 -二氯乙烷为溶剂 ;氰基乙酸乙酯和 1 ,3-二溴丙烷为反应原料 ,经缩合反应较高产率的合成 1 -氰基环丁烷- 1 -羧酸乙酯 ,收率达 6 4 % ,此方法反应条件温和 ,原料便宜易得 ,操作简便安全。     

微波辐射相转移催化合成水杨酸正丁酯

在四丁基溴化铵催化下,采用微波常压法由水杨酸钠和溴代正丁烷发生亲核取代反应合成水杨酸正丁酯.结果表明:当n(水杨酸钠)∶n(溴代正丁烷)∶n(四丁基溴化铵) =1∶3∶0. 3时 ,采用 280W微波辐射 40min,水杨酸正丁酯的产率可达 96. 8%,反应速度远快于常规加热速度.     

1-正丁基环己醇实验室合成

设计了1-溴正丁烷与金属镁反应制备格氏试剂,并将其与环己酮反应合成1-正丁基环己醇的实验室合成方案,探讨了金属镁预处理、格氏试剂与环已酮反应时间等实验条件对产率的影响.实验结果表明:金属镁预处理与否对产率的影响不大,格氏试剂与环已酮反应时间需50 min,产率约为50.0%,完成整个实验约需5 h.     

正丁醇溴化制备1-溴丁烷实验的优化

在有机化学实验中,制备1-溴丁烷是一个具有代表性的卤代烃合成实验,但该反应过程中常常伴随消除反应和重排反应的发生,如果实验操作控制不当,容易造成副产物增多,产物收率低,甚至实验失败。从该反应的原理入手分析了影响1-溴丁烷制备实验效果的因素,改进了浓硫酸滴加的量和流程操控、产品的提纯等工艺条件,并取得了较好的实验效果。在最佳反应条件下,1-溴丁烷的产率可达80%,为优化实验教学方案提供了参考。     

1,4-双(咪唑-1-基)丁烷最佳合成条件的研究

研究了以DMSO(二甲基亚砜)为溶剂,以NaOH为助剂,用咪唑与1,4-二氯丁烷合成1,4-双(咪唑-1-基)丁烷的反应过程条件.通过多组实验,对反应温度、NaOH的量、原料物质的量之比、反应时间、加入苯等对反应产率的影响进行了讨论,并总结了最佳合成条件.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

<正>~~     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to