河南中东部黄泛区粉土物理特性区域差异性实验研究

河南中东部地区为典型黄泛区,随着该地区基础建设的迅速发展,迫切需要对该地区粉土的物理力学性质进一步研究.本文通过筛分实验、液塑限实验和击实实验,基于土体的颗粒组成、液塑限、最大干密度和最优含水率指标,研究河南中东部区域黄泛区粉土的物理特性差异.结果表明:(1)河南中东部不同区域黄泛区粉土颗粒级配、液塑限存在明显差异,细粒含量差别显著,细粒含量越多液塑限越大;(2)该地区不同区域最大干密度基本相同,最优含水率有差异,说明粉土的最终压实度相近,最优含水率与细粒含量有关.     

中国南北过渡带土壤差异化试验研究

通过对中国南北过渡带的山地土壤开展液塑限试验和室内直剪试验,分析了过渡带山地土壤液塑限及抗剪强度的变化规律.试验结果表明:(1)沿过渡带两侧从北到南,山地土壤液限、液性指数和塑性指数逐渐减小,塑限逐渐增加,土体从可塑状态向坚硬状态转化;(2)沿过渡带两侧从北到南,山地土壤抗剪强度逐渐减小,随着土样含水率的增大,A、B、C 3类土试样的抗剪强度差异逐渐增大;(3)沿过渡带两侧从北到南,山地土壤粘聚力逐渐减小,随着土试样含水率的增大,A、B、C 3类土试样的粘聚力逐渐减小;(4)随着土试样含水率的增大,除C类土试样的内摩擦角逐渐减小外,A、B类土试样的内摩擦角基本不变.     

浙江高液限土压缩特性研究

通过室内试验研究,得到浙江高液限土在不同含水率和干密度下的压缩指标。提出了高液限土压缩指标取值方法及标准。针对高液限土压缩特性对含水率较敏感的特点,总结了压缩指标与含水率的关系:含水率在塑限以上,土样难以压实;随着含水率的增大,压缩系数与压缩指数都增大;而液限含水率以下,高液限土的压缩模量随含水率的增加下降趋势较大,含水率大于液限时,则变化平缓;竖向压力大于100 kPa时,Burland方法能较好地对压缩曲线归一化处理,参数e*_(100)、C*_c与w/wL正相关。给出了相关经验式,便于在缺乏试验资料时对浙江高液限土的压缩指标进行快速取值。     

浅析界限含水率液限和塑限的测定

测定细粒土的液限和塑限含水率,用作计算土的塑性指标和液性指数,按塑性指数或塑性图对粘性土进行分类,评价粘性土地基的承载能力。我国目前使用76g圆锥下沉10mm时的液限强度,试验取证,联合测定仪试验简单、方便、准确,适用于各工程中。为了工程的统一,实行行业约定和规范,主要利用圆锥质量为76g的液塑限联合测定仪测得土在不同含水率时的圆锥入土深度,并绘制圆锥下沉深度h与含水率ω的关系曲线。     

一种改进粉土泥浆固结制样方法及其应用

一种改进的泥浆固结法被应用于室内三轴试验重塑粉土试样的制备.制备含水率为45%的粉土泥浆液,然后将其倒入自制的分体式模具中,对粉土泥浆液进行分级加载以达到目标相对密度Dr,在分级加载的同时,对试样的顶、底部分别施加5kPa负压以提高制备试样的均匀性,制样过程对试样的扰动很小.研究发现:分级加载次数L和每级加载轴向应力σe对重塑粉土试样的Dr影响显著,且Dr可以用L与σe的拟合函数表示;随着Dr的减小,重塑粉土试样的含水率有所增加,但试样各部位含水率最大差值Δw随Dr的增加从1.15%降低到0.95%;重塑粉土试样的颗粒分布不均匀度Pd随距试样底部高度的增加基本保持不变,随Dr的增加,Pd分布在0.9%～2.5%之间;施加负压将显著的降低重塑粉土试样的Δw和Pd.泥浆固结法制备粉土试样的孔压系数B值明显高于水沉法和湿装法制备粉土试样的B值.对试样进行了三轴压缩试验和循环三轴试验,结果表明:具有相同试验工况的试样的三轴试验结果相差很小,证明该泥浆固结法制备粉土试样的试验结果具有较好的可重复性.     

饱和粉土变形特性三轴试验

对取自南京市某拟建高速公路路基的粉土,在室内按不同的干密度和含水率进行了试样重塑。按不同干密度和不同初始制样含水率进行饱和三轴固结排水剪切试验,测得不同围压条件下的固结排水剪应力-应变曲线以及有效应力比曲线形态等工程特性。分析了粉土干密度、初始制样含水率和围压对饱和粉土强度的影响。试验结果表明:粉土的强度随干密度的增加而变大,随围压增大而增加;初始制样含水率对粉土的强度有不同程度的影响;粉土的应力应变表现为弱应变软化型。     

粉砂土改良弱膨胀土工程特性研究

通过在弱膨胀土中掺加粉砂土掺量分别为0％、10％、20％、30％、40％、50％的室内实验,对改良土的物理特性、力学特性、膨胀特性等变化规律展开研究,验证粉砂土对膨胀土改良作用,并提出达到合理改良效果的粉砂土掺量.实验结果表明:随着粉砂土掺量的增加,改良土自由膨胀率、塑限指数、塑限、液限逐渐降低,土中黏粒含量减少,降低了土的亲水特性;改良土的最大干密度相比于膨胀土明显升高,最佳含水率逐渐降低,减小了膨胀土中弱结合水水膜的厚度,其膨胀特性得到明显抑制;改良土的压缩模量逐渐增大,改良土的黏聚力减小,内摩擦角逐渐增大,无侧限抗压强度在粉砂土30％掺量前增大,无荷载膨胀率、有荷载膨胀率、膨胀力降低.根据实验结果的比较,建议合理的粉砂土掺量为30％.     

天津承压含水层粉土渗透特性试验研究

天津市地下工程施工主要集中在粉土层处,这类土层极易随地下水的流失而流失,在该类地区的地下结构在施工及运营期间也易出现渗漏现象.其中土体的工程性质与渗透特性是这种渗流侵蚀灾害的重要影响因素.因此很有必要对天津粉土的工程性质,尤其是渗透特性进行标定.为确定天津地下承压含水层中粉土的渗透特性,首先开展室内试验研究,适当地加工改造《土工试验方法标准》中规定的标准试验仪器,通过比重试验、颗粒分析试验、液塑限试验对天津粉土进行比重、级配、液塑限等基本参数进行标定,详细汇总整理各个试验数据,应用相关公式及数据处理方法对大量试验数据展开分析得出试验结果;然后通过常水头渗透试验与变水头渗透试验相结合的方式对粉土渗透系数的变化特征进行分析.研究结果表明:天津粉土的渗透系数随孔隙率的增大呈现增大的趋势,随时间的增长而减小且最终趋于稳定.从天津粉土的土体特性出发,将既无法传递净水压,也不能产生渗流的由结合水占领的无效孔隙排除,剩下的孔隙比定义为有效孔隙比.利用有效孔隙比的概念对经典的太沙基渗流理论进行修正,提出了适用于天津粉土的渗透系数估算公式.该公式能很好地计算天津粉土的渗透系数,可为天津市承压含水层中地下...     

水玻璃改良膨胀土的室内试验研究

为研究水玻璃改良膨胀土不利工程特性的实际效果,本文以芜申线航道整治工程中南京高淳地区的膨胀土滑坡治理为研究背景,通过室内试验对改性土的界限含水率、击实特性、膨胀特性、裂隙开展特性、力学强度展开了研究。研究结果表明：随着水玻璃掺量的增加,改性土的塑限逐步提高,液限逐步降低,可塑性降低,土中粘粒含量、亲水性矿物减少;改性土的最大干密度逐渐降低,最优含水率逐渐增加,击实曲线渐趋平缓;改性土的膨胀特性得到明显抑制;改性土强度随水玻璃掺量的增加有明显提高。可见掺入一定量水玻璃改良膨胀土在工程中是可行的。     

氯盐和硫酸盐对遗址土体颗粒级配和界限含水率影响的对比

为了探讨盐分对遗址土体颗粒级配和界限含水率的影响,通过室内试验,对洗盐后的素土分别以0(素土),0.2%,0.4%,0.6%,0.8%,1.0%的梯度加入NaCl,Na_2SO_4两种可溶盐,测试特定盐分质量分数和类别的含盐土的颗粒粒径分布和界限含水率的变化.试验结果表明:盐分对遗址土体的颗粒级配有一定的影响,尤其对黏粒占比的变化影响显著,随着盐分质量分数的增大,分布在细粉粒和黏粒范围内的颗粒占比相对减小,分布在粗粉粒和砂粒范围内的颗粒占比相对增加,并且Na_2SO_4盐对土体颗粒级配的影响比NaCl盐的显著;随着盐分质量分数的增大,含盐试样的液限含水率、塑限含水率以及塑性指数均逐渐减小,试样由粉质黏土变为粉土,由于盐分的加入,盐分作为电解质对土粒产生团聚作用,黏粒被吸附,使得试样中黏粒占比相对减少.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.