辽东湾地区烃源岩生物标志物特征与油源对比

利用烃源岩和原油的生物标志物参数,在有效识别和区分3套烃源岩的基础上通过油岩对比划分原油成因类型并探讨其分布特征.研究表明:3套烃源岩具有各自不同的生物标志物参数组合,沙一段烃源岩以其较高的w(伽马蜡烷)/w(C30藿烷)、长链三环萜烷比值(ETR)和较低的w(藿烷)/w(甾烷)区别于其他两套烃源岩;东三段烃源岩以相对较高的w(C19三环萜烷)/w(C23三环萜烷)、w(C24四环萜烷)/w(C26三环萜烷)和较低的w(4-甲基甾烷)/w(C29规则甾烷)区别于沙三段烃源岩;不同的生物标志物参数组合反映3套烃源岩具有不同的母质类型和沉积环境;辽东湾地区已发现的原油可划分为沙三型、沙三沙一混合型和东三型3种成因类型;沙三沙一混合型原油是辽东湾地区最主要的原油成因类型,广泛分布在凹陷内部和凸起;沙三型和东三型原油在局部地区分布,分布范围受烃源岩演化程度的控制.     

鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区延长组原油生物标志物特征及油源对比

 系统采集鄂尔多斯盆地南部中生界的烃源岩、富县地区延长组原油及油砂样品,对它们的饱和烃馏分进行GC-MS 分析,通过对生物标志物组成特征的研究探讨富县地区延长组原油的来源。结果表明:根据Pr/Ph,8β(H)-补身烷和C30重排藿烷相对含量,鄂尔多斯盆地南部中生界烃源岩可划分为A₁、A₂、A₃、A₄、B 类,富县地区延长组原油可划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类,目前发现的原油主要是第Ⅰ类;第Ⅰ类原油来自A₁类烃源岩(深湖相沉积相带的长7 油页岩),第Ⅱ类原油来自A₂类烃源岩(深湖-半深湖沉积相带的长7 暗色泥岩),第Ⅲ类原油来自A₃类烃源岩(半深湖沉积相带的长7 暗色泥岩)。     

江汉盆地潜江凹陷潜三段盐间烃类特征及其指示意义

利用岩石热解与色谱-质谱分析方法对江汉盆地潜江凹陷潜三段页岩层系进行分子地球化学特征研究后发现,潜三段下部10韵律与11韵律层系在热解参数和分子地球化学方面具有明显差异。其中,10韵律层系岩石热解具有游离烃(S1)高、有机碳(TOC)含量高,而热解烃峰值温度(T_(max))低的特征,生物标志物参数表现出C_(29)甾烷异构化参数(S/(S+R)、ββ(αα+ββ))高,C_(35)升藿烷优势,反映成熟烃源岩的特征; 11韵律层系具有S1低、TOC含量低,而T_(max)高的特征,生标参数表现出C_(29)甾烷S/(S+R)低,呈未熟烃源岩的特征。综合考虑到地质因素的作用,认为潜三段10韵律存在侧向运移的烃类浸染,而其下部的11韵律则反映了源岩自身的地化特征。     

确定有效烃源岩有机质丰度下限的一种新方法——以鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区上三叠统延长组湖相泥质烃源岩为例

以鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区三叠系上三叠统延长组长4+5、长6、长7和长9段暗色泥岩为例,利用有机碳与氯仿沥青"A"转化率、热解有机质相对生烃量(IHC=S1/w(TOC),%)的关系,建立了适合研究区的湖相有效泥质烃源岩的有机质丰度下限值.热解S1和氯仿沥青"A"含量代表烃源岩中的已生烃量,在不排烃情况下,随有机碳含量增加而增大,当其减小时则表明有烃类的排出.代表有机质相对生烃量的热解参数IHC和沥青转化率(w(A)/w(TOC),%)随有机碳含量增加而开始降低的转折部位对应的有机碳含量即为有效烃源岩的下限值,研究区的有机碳质量分数为1.1%,相应的热解S1+S2下限值为2.2 mg/g,氯仿沥青"A"质量分数下限值为0.03%,总烃质量分数下限值为150×10-6.该下限值主要适合于研究区湖相有效烃源岩的识别,不同含油气盆地不同层段的有效烃源岩有机质丰度下限值应根据相应的分析数据加以确定.     

基于变系数ΔlogR技术的烃源岩TOC精细评价

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷主力烃源岩层(南一段)烃源岩非均质性强,总有机碳(TOC)波动明显,利用有限的测试样品表征整套烃源岩层的生烃潜力具有较强的不确定性;烃源岩层的测井响应表现为高自然伽马、高声波时差、中等电阻率,易于识别,但是烃源岩测井评价参数的通用性差,难以建立起具有普遍适用性的TOC预测公式。针对上述问题,采用变系数ΔlogR技术评价该区烃源岩TOC,将ΔlogR技术中的经验参数视为待定系数,从模型参数地质意义出发,通过针对单井和"分区、分相"预测模型中的待定参数,完成全区120口井TOC测井评价,利用测井计算TOC实现烃源岩分级评价,通过"钻井定频率、层序定展布"的方法,得到南一段不同丰度级别烃源岩的厚度。结果表明,变系数ΔlogR技术预测TOC误差平均为16.6%,比传统方法平均降低19.9%;南一段差烃源岩厚度一般15~20 m,中等烃源岩厚度一般10~20 m,优质烃源岩的厚度一般20~45 m;南一段差烃源岩、中等烃源岩、优质烃源岩的体积分别为0.46×10~(11)、1.08×10~(11)和1.59×10~(11)m~3。     

鄂尔多斯盆地下寺湾地区山西组泥页岩生气特征

鄂尔多斯盆地山西组页岩气有较好的资源潜力,但其生气机理研究薄弱,为研究其泥页岩生烃过程及机理,文中采用高压釜-封闭式金管的生烃热模拟实验,分别对山西组山1和山2烃源岩生烃过程和生烃量分析,结果发现:2个层位中甲烷和非烃类气体具有相似产出特征,两者产率随着成熟度升高而增加,且低升温速率下产率更高;重烃气C2-5和液态烃两者产率随着成熟度升高都表现出"先升后降"型抛物线特征,山1和山2等2个页岩样品总热解气量分别为444.94 mg/g TOC和343.66 mg/g TOC,总热解气产率中,烃类气体(C1-5)产率分别为98.69 mg/g TOC和126.44 mg/g TOC,非烃类气体(H2,CO2和H2S)产率分别为346.25 mg/g TOC和175.79mg/g TOC.山1和山2泥页岩生烃过程历经三段式的演化模式,至146 Ma(晚侏罗世末),Ro达到0.78%,甲烷累积产率分别达到7.28 m L/g TOC,7.41 m L/g TOC.至距今96 Ma(早白垩世末)地层温度达到最大值201.82℃,Ro达到2.15%,泥页岩甲烷瞬时产率达到最大值,分别为3.21,3.80 m L/g TOC·Ma,达到高峰。从晚白垩世开始至55 Ma(始新世早期),Ro保持在2.31%,生气停止,山1泥页岩甲烷累积产率保持在103.8 m L/g TOC,山2泥页岩甲烷累积产率保持在113.6 m L/g TOC.对比发现,山2泥页岩的气态烃和液态烃产率均远远高于山1泥页岩,且山1泥页岩烃类气体含量始终低于40%,证实该地区山西组泥页岩具有较好的生气潜力,其中山2生气能力较大。     

鄂尔多斯盆地陕北地区延长组长6原油地球化学特征及油源分析

通过对原油、含油砂岩、露头剖面样品、钻井泥岩分子地球化学特征和碳同位素的分析表明:鄂尔多斯盆地陕北地区长6原油为轻质原油,具有低密度、低黏度、低凝固点的特征;原油和含油砂岩抽提物族组成中,饱和烃含量所占比重大,饱芳比高、原油碳同位素轻,小于-32‰;原油正构烷烃碳数分布型式为前峰型单峰态,正构烷烃保存完整,主峰碳为nC_(13)~nC_(22),原油具明显奇偶优势比,轻质组分占优势,植烷优势明显;原油规则甾烷呈"V"和"L"型分布,β胡萝卜烷含量很低,ααα20RC_(27)甾烷相对含量高于ααα20RC_(29)甾烷;伽马蜡烷含量低,孕甾烷及规则甾烷相对较高,硫芴含量较高,三芳甾烷和甲基三芳甾烷丰度较高,反映了原油的母源形成于盐度不高的沉积环境,有机质母源以浮游水生生物及高等植物的输入为主;原油饱和烃中,甾、萜烷的αααC_(29)甾烷20S/(20S+20R),αααC_(31)甾烷20S/(20S+20R)等参数均处于热演化平均状态,甲基菲指数表明原油处于成熟阶段。通过对延长组长9、长7段烃源岩与长6原油、含油岩心抽提物,甾、萜类化合物特征对比分析表明,长6原油与长9烃源岩的生物标志化合物存在较大差别,二者对比性较差,不具备相关性,没有亲缘关系;长6与长7烃源岩的对比性较好,因此认为长6原油主要来源于长7段烃源岩。     

陇东西峰地区延长组烃源岩热演化程度研究

利用热分析、可溶有机质分析、干酪根镜质体反射率及生物标志物参数等,对与油藏有密切关系的延长组长8—长7段进行了热成熟度研究。烃源岩热解峰温、沥青和烃转化率、Ro值、OEP值、C29 ααα-20S/（20S+20R）甾烷参数值和C31 αβ-22S/（22S+22R）藿烷参数值均指示,长8—长7段烃源岩整体处于大量生烃的成熟有机质演化阶段,并已达到生油高峰,具备有利的生排烃条件。尽管西峰地区不同井位的构造位置和现今地层埋深各不相同,但经历了相近的沉降与热演化历史,长8—长7段烃源岩具有一致的热演化程度。为全面揭示鄂尔多斯盆地西南部西峰地区延长组烃源岩的生、排烃能力,提供了基础资料。     

措勤盆地它日错地区郎山组烃源岩生物标志物特征

郎山组是措勤盆地内的主力烃源岩,位于措勤盆地它日错凹陷的郎山组烃源岩为研究揭示该区有机质生源构成、沉积环境和成熟度提供了珍贵的素材。在野外调查的基础上,应用色谱和色谱-质谱分析技术,对郎山组烃源岩展开了生物标志物研究。结果表明:郎山组烃源岩遭受了1~2级的生物降解作用;正构烷烃、类异戊二烯烃、萜烷和甾烷等相关参数反映了烃源岩的母质为混合来源,并以低等水生生物(如藻类)为主。烃源岩的形成环境为相对还原的低盐度环境。烃源岩有机质热演化程度较高,达到了高成熟阶段。生物标志物参数进一步反映了郎山组烃源岩具有良好的生烃潜力,对该区油气勘探提供了重要的参考资料。     

苏北盆地金湖凹陷三河次凹有效烃源岩评价

金湖凹陷是发育自晚白垩世的断陷湖盆，有效烃源岩识别对凹陷油气勘探具有重要指导作用。本文基于金湖凹陷三河次凹大量分析测试资料，对研究区阜二段烃源岩地球化学特征进行了系统分析。根据烃源岩演化过程中的物质平衡原理，将烃源岩现今残余总有机碳值恢复到生排烃前总有机碳值。通过烃源岩生排烃过程中饱和烃量与吸附烃量关系确定有效烃源岩下限，对研究区有效烃源岩进行综合评价。研究结果表明：有机质类型多为II1型；总有机碳w(TOC)为0.05%～5.28%，生烃潜力(S1+S2)为0.01～33.29 mg·g-1；镜质体反射率Ro为0.4%～1.2%，烃源岩主要处于低成熟-成熟阶段。研究区烃源岩总有机碳恢复系数为1.05～1.25，用恢复后的总有机碳值来确定有效烃源岩下限，避免了烃源岩生排烃作用影响及高温压物理模拟实验带来的结果偏差。确定研究区有效烃源岩下限w(TOC)=1.6%，与测井TOC预测结果相结合，进一步查明了有效烃源岩分布及其厚度，深凹带是三河次凹有效烃源岩主要分布区，其厚度可达160 m以上。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to