基于遗传算法的认知无线电网络共同信道和功率最优分配

信道分配和功率控制问题是认知无线电网络中的核心问题。文中根据不完美频谱感知情形下的干扰功率模型,建立认知无线电网络共同信道和功率分配优化模型,并通过罚函数法,将标称的混合整数规划问题简化为不带约束条件的非线性规划问题,提出了基于遗传算法的共同信道和功率最优分配算法。仿真结果表明,该算法能在不完美频谱感知情形下对信道和功率进行联合最优分配,减少对主用户功率干扰,实现网络中认知用户吞吐量的最大化。     

下垫式认知无线电网络的鲁棒功率分配算法

针对认知无线电网络功率分配的参数扰动性问题,提出一种基于保护因子的认知无线电鲁棒功率分配算法.该算法根据实际系统信道参数的扰动性,对授权用户干扰功率阈值引入保护机制进行鲁棒规划,运用Lagrange对偶算法和凸优化相关理论得到最优功率分配,解决了下垫式(Underlay)模式下认知无线电网络信道参数扰动性问题.仿真结果表明,该算法具有较好的鲁棒性,降低了算法复杂度,并提高了认知无线电网络的系统容量.     

基于网络效用最大化的mesh网优化算法

为设计联合优化算法,将多无线电多信道mesh网络的拥塞控制与信道分配建模化为一个使得网络效用最大的混合整数非线性规划问题.由于求解该规划问题具有很高的时间复杂度,因此利用拉格朗日对偶分解将之分解为若干个子问题,进而设计能获得近优解的分布式算法.通过该分布式算法,各节点能够自适应调整传输速率并根据网络状况进行多信道的分配.仿真实验表明该算法能够逼近最优解,并且随着网络中无线信道数目的增多,其结果更接近最优解.     

认知无线电网络中的非正交多址资源分配算法

随着物联网的发展和移动终端的普及,用户对数据速率需求快速增长,移动通信系统依然面临着频谱资源紧缺问题。针对认知无线电网络中的非正交多址接入(non-orthogonal multiple access, NOMA)技术,研究了认知无线电网络中非正交多址信道和功率联合优化问题。以主用户干扰功率和次用户最小吞吐量以及子信道最大复用用户数为约束条件,综合考虑信道状态信息和功率资源,以提高系统能效为目标,建立了信道和功率资源分配优化模型。为了避免信道状态相近的用户复用在同一子信道上,提出了一种次优公平性可调的信道分配算法,并基于连续凸近似和Dinkelbach模型,得到子信道复用用户间的最优功率分配。仿真结果表明,所提算法可以在提高用户公平性的同时,有效提高系统能效。     

认知中继网络中的OFDMA资源分配算法

基于下垫式的认知无线电场景,针对基于放大转发协作中继的多用户正交频分多址接入认知网络,讨论了在干扰温度约束条件下,使认知用户总传输速率得到最大化的资源分配问题,提出了一种最优的功率分配算法和次优的等功率分配算法.将这两种功率分配算法分别与传统的相等子信道预分配方案和文中采用的最优子信道预分配方案相结合,仿真结果表明,所...     

非正交多址认知无线电网络功率分配算法

非正交多址和认知无线电技术能有效提高频谱效率,是新一代移动通信系统的关键技术。针对功率域非正交多址认知无线电网络的能效优化问题,建立了满足次用户最小系统吞吐量和主用户最大干扰的次用户功率分配模型,将子信道吞吐量公式进行分解,得到子信道功率分配系数和子信道功率消耗率2个子问题。针对第1个问题,采取凸差(difference of convex,DC)规划算法将目标函数等效为2个凸函数差形式,并应用一阶泰勒展开式进行连续近似,将非凸问题转换为凸优化问题,从而得到子信道复用次用户最优功率分配系数;针对第2个问题,采用Dinkelbach算法和次梯度算法,利用拉格朗日函数,得到最优子信道功率消耗率。仿真结果表明,所提功率分配算法收敛速度快,时间复杂度低,其平均系统能效性能远优于分数功率分配算法。     

一种新型认知无线电信道状态的预测算法

基于部分可测马尔科夫决策过程(POMDP)模型,结合认知无线电频谱侦测技术,提出一种新的多无线电多信道环境下认知无线电检测信道算法.该算法通过对信道状态历史信息的分析,推导出信道信念状态的初始分布和转移概率;然后,以此选择出具有最佳回报的信道以供接入,使得次用户能获得最佳带宽回报,从而达到提高信道利用率的目的.仿真结果表明,算法获得相对于传统认知无线电频谱接入方式更高的信道带宽,并接近无漏检和虚警现象的理想情况,有效地提高了信道利用率.     

认知无线电中感知信道的优化选择方法

在认知无线电中,频谱感知是实现频谱动态接入的重要前提和核心环节,文中在多用户多信道环境下基于能量检测提出了一种感知信道优化选择的方法。该方法从最大化一个次用户感知一个主用户信道能获得的归一化吞吐量出发,在目标检测概率限制下,提出了基于改进的匈牙利算法进行感知信道选择的最优方法。仿真结果表明,与感知信道随机选择方法相比较,文中提出的方法可以大大提高整个次用户网络的归一化吞吐量。     

多信道认知无线电频谱感知次用户和功率分配

为提高多信道认知无线电的吞吐量,提出了协作频谱感知子信道次用户和传输功率的联合分配算法.该算法基于主用户的存在状态,在约束次用户协作检测概率和总功率的基础上,以最大化次用户所有子信道的吞吐量总和为目标,通过交替方向优化获得子信道次用户和传输功率的联合分配.仿真结果表明:文中提出的联合分配算法通过较少的迭代次数就可以获得最优值,并且能够根据子信道状态动态地分配子信道次用户和传输功率,提高了次用户的吞吐量.     

基于NC-OFDM的最优功率分配

本文深入研究最优功率分配的算法,旨在最大化基于NC-OFDM的认知无线电系统中的信道容量.在传统的注水算法的基础上,把每个子信道功率控制也引入到NC-OFDM系统中,提出了一种基于凸优化理论的迭代分块注水算法.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…