MTBE装置尾气中丁二烯含量的测定

建立了一种测定MTBE装置尾气中丁二烯含量的方法，确定了最佳测试条件，该方法的准确度为（100±1）％，满足工业分析的要求。     

以负载型H3PW12O40／C为催化剂合成MTBE的研究

报道了负载型杂多酸H3PW12O40／C在催化合成MTBE中的应用，研究了影响MTBE收率的因素，如催化剂负载量、原料配比、压力、反应温度及时间等，在最佳反应条件下，叔丁醇最高转化率达到77．2％，MTBE收率可达56．4％，该方法投料操作简便，对设备无腐蚀，催化剂耐高温耐磨并可回收再生。     

强酸性树脂催化合成甲基丙烯酸十六酯

针对强酸性树脂作为催化剂较均相强酸催化剂具有产率高、产品纯化简单、产生的废液少、设备无腐蚀性、可再生等优点，研究了在强酸树脂催化下甲基丙烯酸与十六醇反应合成甲基丙烯酸十六酯的工艺条件．以产率为指标，对原料比、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、阻聚剂用量等因素进行优化．结果表明，原料质量比1．3：1，催化剂质量分数10％，反应温度145℃，反应时间5h，阻聚剂质量分数0．8％为最佳优化条件，反应产率可达95％以上。     

乙二醇二缩水甘油醚二丙烯酸酯的合成及应用

以三苯基膦为催化剂、对羟基苯甲醚为阻聚剂,利用乙二醇二缩水甘油醚和丙烯酸为两种主要原料合成了一种低气味、低刺激性的乙二醇二缩水甘油醚二丙烯酸酯．研究了反应温度,阻聚剂、催化剂用量等因素对其反应的影响,结果表明较好的合成反应条件是：温度90～110℃、三苯基膦质量分数为0．70％～0．90％、对羟基苯甲醚质量分数为0．20％～0．40％．把此乙二醇二缩水甘油醚二丙烯酸酯作为稀释剂加入到高黏度环氧丙烯酸酯中配制成的光固化涂料其性能优于丙烯酸异辛酯作为稀释剂加入到高黏度环氧丙烯酸酯中配制成的光固化涂料．     

甲基丙烯酸十四酯的合成及表征

研究了甲基丙烯酸和十四醇直接酯化合成甲基丙烯酸十四酯的条件，主要探讨了甲基丙烯酸与十四醇摩尔比，催化剂和阻聚剂的用量及反应时间对酯化反应的影响，得出了合成的最佳条件：甲基丙烯酸与十四醇的摩尔比为1．1：1，对甲苯磺酸的质量分数为1．4％，对苯二酚的质量分数为0．9％，反应温度为110-120℃，反应时间为5h，酯化产率可达到99％．酯化产物经薄层色谱分析及红外光谱，核磁共振谱等进行了表征．     

高级催化氧化法降解酸性大红模拟废水研究

用海绵铁加入助催化剂A复合成催化剂,H2O2作为氧化剂的高级催化氧化法降解酸性大红模拟染料废水,结果表明,高级催化氧化法可以有效降解酸性大红,在pH=5,H202加入量为lmL,反应时间为30mln时,脱色率达99％。反应40min时,COD去除率可达88％以上。该催化剂是以一定粒度的海绵铁,加入FeSO4,MnO2和A1203金属氧化物助催化剂复合而成,不易失活,可重复利用。     

漆酚树脂固载化三氯化铁催化合成醋酸异戊酯

用漆酚树脂固载化三氯化铁高分子催化剂合成醋酸异戊酯，对催化剂进行了红外光谱表征．考察了原料配比、反应时间、催化剂用量等因素对酯化反应的影响．实验表明，该催化剂有很好的催化活性，当醇酸物质的量之比为0．6：1，反应3h，催化剂用量为醇质量的2．3％-3．4％时，酯化收率可达88％，产品纯度达99．5％．且该催化剂具有腐蚀性小，可以重复使用等优点．     

丙烯酸双环戊二烯酯合成

以丙烯酸和双环戊二烯为原料,合成丙烯酸双环戊二烯酯。实验表明,磷钨酸作为催化剂时产率较好,产品纯度较高,催化剂的加入量约占总反应物料的2%较适宜;以对苯二酚和吩噻嗪按等质量比复配而成的复合体系为阻聚剂时,有效地阻止了该反应中的聚合副反应,复合阻聚剂加入量为0.8%较适宜。     

丙烯醛水合加氢制1，3一丙二醇的研究

考察了丙烯醛水舍及3-羟基丙醛加氢制1，3一丙二醇的工艺条件。在装有阳离子交换树脂催化剂的固定床层反应中，当ACR的质量分数为12～15％，反应空速为5～6h-1，反应温度为50℃，并加入少量对苯二酚阻聚剂时，ACR的单程转化率为80％，3-HPA的选择性可达87．5％。在高压釜进行3-羟基丙醛加氢催化剂筛选。结果表明使用四元合金制备的Raney Ni催化剂，在一段加氢温度为45℃，二段加氢温度为120℃，氢气压力为6MPa，搅拌转速500r。min-1时，3-HPA的转化率≥98％，产物1，3一丙二醇收率接近100％。     

活性炭负载磷钨酸催化合成三醋酸甘油酯

研究了用活性炭负载磷钨酸催化合成三醋酸甘油酯的反应．考察了磷钨酸的负载量、醇酸比、催化剂用量、带水剂种类和用量对反应的影响，并且对其他催化剂的催化活性进行了比较．结果表明：活性炭负载磷钨酸是合成三醋酸甘油酯的优良催化剂；在优化条件下，三酯产率达86．4％，纯度99．2％；催化剂可重复使用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.