甲基丙烯酸十六酯的合成及结构表征

研究了以α-甲基丙烯酸和十六醇为原料采用直接酯化法合成α-甲基丙烯酸十六酯的工艺条件,主要探讨了α-甲基丙烯酸与十六醇摩尔比、催化剂和阻聚剂的用量以及反应时间对酯化反应的影响，得出了合成的最佳条件：α-甲基丙烯酸与十六醇的摩尔比为1．2：1，对甲苯磺酸的质量分数为1．4％，对苯二酚的质量分数为0．4％，反应温度为110～120℃，反应时间为5h，酯化产率可达到95％以上．酯化产物经薄层色谱分析及红外光谱、核磁共振谱测定，证明所得产物为α-甲基丙烯酸十六酯．     

甲基丙烯酸十四酯的合成及表征

研究了甲基丙烯酸和十四醇直接酯化合成甲基丙烯酸十四酯的条件，主要探讨了甲基丙烯酸与十四醇摩尔比，催化剂和阻聚剂的用量及反应时间对酯化反应的影响，得出了合成的最佳条件：甲基丙烯酸与十四醇的摩尔比为1．1：1，对甲苯磺酸的质量分数为1．4％，对苯二酚的质量分数为0．9％，反应温度为110-120℃，反应时间为5h，酯化产率可达到99％．酯化产物经薄层色谱分析及红外光谱，核磁共振谱等进行了表征．     

甲基丙烯酸十八酯的合成

研究了甲基丙烯酸和十八醇直接酯化合成甲基丙烯酸十八酯的工艺条件,主要探讨了甲基丙烯酸与十八醇摩尔比、催化剂和阻聚剂的用量、反应温度及反应时间对酯化反应的影响,得出了合成的最佳条件：甲基丙烯酸与十八醇摩尔比为2：1,对甲苯磺酸的质量分数为1.2％,对苯二酚的质量分数为0.7％,145℃反应4h,互化产率可达98％,酯化产物经熔点、元素分析及红外光谱测定,证明所得产物为甲基丙烯酸十八酯。     

三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯合成新工艺

以三羟甲基丙烷、丙烯酸为原料，Ｄ７２大孔强酸型阳离子交换树脂为催化剂，苯为水夹带剂，合成三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯，考虑反应温度、原料配比、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对产品酯化度的影响；初步探讨了不同脱水方式及阻聚剂对酯化反应以及粗产物的不同纯化方式对产品丙烯酸含量的影响，选出了ＴＭＰＴＡ的最佳合成条件，最终产率７０％，产品为浅黄色秀明液体，ｎ２５／Ｄ＝１．６６６９，２３１时粘度４２３ｍＰａ。     

丙烯酸十八酯的合成

以丙烯酸和十八醇为原料,由酯化反应合成丙烯酸十八酯。研究了丙烯酸与十八醇的摩尔比、催化剂和阻聚剂的用量、反应温度及反应时间对反应的影响。由实验得出最佳合成条件是：丙烯酸与十八醇的摩尔比为1．2对甲苯磺酸、对苯二酚的用量（质量分数）分别为1．0％和0．8％,反应温度为120℃,反应时间为8h。在此反应条件下,酯化产率可达98％。其酯化产物的熔点、元素分析、红外光谱及核磁共振分析证明所得产物为丙烯酸十八酯。     

甲基丙烯酸异冰片酯的合成及性能研究

以莰烯和甲基丙烯酸为原料,采用直接加成酯化法合成甲基丙烯酸异冰片酯(IBOMA).分析了反应时间、反应温度、莰烯与甲基丙烯酸的物质的量之比、催化剂种类及用量、阻聚剂种类及用量等对产物得率和反应选择性的影响,并采用正交试验对反应条件进行了优化,确定了适宜的合成工艺条件:以10％的Amberlyst 15作催化剂、0.03％的吩噻嗪作阻聚剂、甲基丙烯酸与莰烯物质的量之比为1.3∶1、酯化温度为60℃、反应时间为8～9 h,在此工艺条件下,产物甲基丙烯酸异冰片酯的平均得率为80.2％,平均选择性为95.3％,酯含量大于99.2％.采用GC-MS、FT-IR等分析技术对产物性能进行了表征.     

甲氧基聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯大单体的制备

以400,600,2000 3种分子质量的甲氧基聚乙二醇(MPEG)和过量甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为主要原料,通过酯化反应制备了聚羧酸盐减水剂所用大单体甲氧基聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯(MPEGMA).研究了酯化反应时间、酸醇比、酯化温度、催化剂、阻聚剂对酯化反应的影响;结果表明:酯化反应时间以7～8 h较为合理,MAA与MPEG物质的量之比对酯化率的影响最为显著,其次是反应温度,催化剂用量对低分子量MPEG的酯化反应影响较小,但随着MPEG分子量增大催化剂的影响变得显著.MPEG400的最佳酯化条件为:nMAA∶nMPEG为2∶1,反应温度100℃,催化剂为总质量的2%,阻聚剂为甲基丙烯酸质量的0.5%;MPEG600的最佳酯化条件为:nMAA∶nMPEG为2.5∶1,反应温度110℃,催化剂用量为总质量的4%,阻聚剂为甲基丙烯酸质量的0.5%;MPEG2000的最佳酯化条件为:nMAA∶nMPEG为5∶1,反应温度110℃,催化剂为总质量的6%,阻聚剂为甲基丙烯酸质量的0.5%.红外图谱表明3种分子量的MPEG与MAA反应后均生成了酯化大单体.     

正交试验法优化合成肉桂酸的工艺研究

以苯甲醛与醋酸酐为原料,无水碳酸钾为催化剂,催化合成了肉桂酸。通过正交试验,探究了反应物物质的量比、催化剂用量、阻聚剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对肉桂酸产率的影响。实验结果表明,当n_(苯甲醛):n_(醋酸酐)为1∶3,催化剂用量为4.5g,以物质的量分数4%的对二苯酚为阻聚剂,反应温度为150℃,反应时间为2 h,肉桂酸产率最高可达64.77%。该方法容易操作,对环境无污染,产品质量好。     

强酸性离子交换树脂催化合成乳酸乙酯工艺研究

以乙醇，乳酸为原料，强酸性阳离子交换树脂为催化剂，在常压下合成乳酸乙酯．研究了树脂种类、反应温度、树脂用量、酸醇比等因素对酯化反应的影响，在不分离产物情况下，合成乳酸乙酯的反应条件为：酸醇比1：4，反应时间180min，催化剂用量（以乳酸加入质量计）10％，沸腾状态下反应，乳酸的单程转化率达72．53％．催化剂可重复使...     

固体超强酸TiO2/SO2-4催化合成乙酸戊酯的研究

对以固体超强酸TiO2／SO^2-4为催化剂，冰醋酸和戊醇为原料，催化合成乙酸戊酯的反应进行了研究，探讨了催化剂用量、醇酸比、反应时间等对酯化反应的影响。结果表明：醇酸摩尔比为1：3，催化剂用量为1．5g,反应时间为1．5h，酯的产率达94．6％。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.