光晶格中三维自旋-轨道耦合费米气体的热力学性质

应用平均场理论研究了立方光晶格中三维自旋-轨道耦合费米气体的热力学性质。通过求解能隙方程和粒子数方程,讨论了自旋-轨道耦合对超流序参数、超流转变温度、等温压缩系数和热力学熵的影响,发现了不同于连续系统的反常行为。当平均占据数接近半满填充时,自旋-轨道耦合会抑制超流的形成,导致超流转变温度降低、等温压缩系数减小、热力学熵增大。这与在连续系统中自旋-轨道耦合总是促进超流的形成,导致超流转变温度升高、等温压缩系数增大、热力学熵减小的结论有明显不同。研究还发现在BCS(Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer)极限情况下,等温压缩系数跟态密度成正比,因而可通过测量等温压缩系数作为系统是否发生Mott绝缘相变的一个判据。此外,还发现在正常相熵随自旋-轨道耦合强度的变化规律跟超流相正好相反。     

铁磁/反铁磁双层薄膜中自旋波色散关系

重点讨论了在不同的层间耦合下外磁场和横向自旋波结构因子对色散关系的影响.结果表明:外磁场和横向自旋波结构因子都能使能带分裂,出现能隙.且随着它们的增强各类本征模之间相互转化,能量呈线性增加.层间铁磁性耦合时,只能存在光学-声学型界面自旋波;层间反铁磁性耦合时,可能存在声学-光学型和光学-光学型两类界面自旋波.     

铁磁——铁磁绝缘层——超导结的自旋反转和粗糙界面散射效？…

考虑到自旋反转和粗糙界面散射效应，利用推广的Ｂｌｏｎｄｅｒ－Ｔｉｎｋｈａｍ－Ｋｌａｐｗｉｊｋ散射理论模型，计算铁磁－铁磁绝缘层－超导结中的准粒子输运系数与隧道谱。研究表明，自旋反转效应能使零偏压电导峰和能隙峰变得尖锐，而粗糙面散射能压低零偏压峰和能隙峰。此外，两种散射还能阻碍由铁磁交换作用产生的零偏压峰的滑移。     

PKU-SCAF百瓦量级2K冷却流程循环方案

针对北京大学超导加速器实验装置（PKU-SCAF）中两个9壳超导加速腔的冷却问题进行了研究．以抽真空与节流相结合为基础，给出了几种超流氦冷却循环方式；分析了这几种方式的流程机理和冷却特性．结果表明，采用带有低温换热器和低压换热器的冷却循环方式，整个超流氦冷却循环具有制冷效率高、系统功耗小等优点．给出了该冷却循环方式的低温冷却系统的温熵图．     

Ga＿（1－x）In＿xAs＿（1－y）Sb＿y四元合金系光学性质的研究

对以ＧａＳｂ为衬底、外延生长的四元化合物Ｇａ＿（１－ｘ）Ｉｎ＿ｘＡｓ＿（１－ｙ）Ｓｂ＿ｙ（组分在ｘ＝０．０３２，ｙ＝０．９４到ｘ＝０．２６，ｙ＝０．９范围内）进行了远红外反射谱、喇曼散射、光吸收和光致发光的测量。结果给出外延层晶格振动的性质及不同温度下（８３Ｋ—３００Ｋ）四元合金的能隙，并详细讨论了能隙随温度的变化。     

幻数铵离子水团簇NH4^＋（H20）20的结构和振动谱研究

采用Hartree—Fock方法和6—31G（d）基组对由经验势得到的幻数铵离子水团簇NH4^=（H20）20的17稳定构型进行了结构优化和频率计算，然后对优化所得结构在B3LYP／6—311＋＋G（d，p）水平上计算了单点能．通过比较结合能，笔者发现NH4^＋离子位于团簇中心的结构比其位于表面时更加稳定，两种结构能量的差值在1—5kcal／mol范围内．同时红外谱计算表明，中心结构与表面结构相比，伸缩振动区域较窄，并且最强振动峰发生了红移．     

自旋轨道耦合二维费米气体的热力学性质

应用平均场理论研究自旋轨道耦合和塞曼场共同作用下二维费米气体的热力学性质.通过求解能隙方程和粒子数方程,讨论了自旋轨道耦合和塞曼场对系统的等温压缩系数、压强、超流序参和热力学熵的影响,发现了不同于三维系统的新性质.研究表明:在自旋轨道耦合和塞曼场共同作用下,玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚(Bose-Einstein condensate, BEC)极限区域的等温压缩系数和压强基本不随相互作用变化,这与三维系统中等温压缩系数和压强在BEC极限区域随相互作用强度线性改变明显不同;在BCS(Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer)极限下,等温压缩系数和压强敏感地依赖于体系的自旋轨道耦合强度和塞曼场强度.在合适的参数区域,等温压缩系数、压强、超流序参数和热力学熵随自旋轨道耦合和塞曼场强度非单调的变化行为;在有限温度下,热力学熵随自旋轨道耦合和塞曼场的改变在正常相和超流相表现出完全相反的变化规律.     

子格对称破缺的准-维海森堡系统的DMRG研究

利用密度矩阵重整化群（DMRG）方法研究一种S=1／2子格对称破缺的准-维反铁磁海森堡自旋链，计算了该系统单个原胞的基态能、自旋关联函数以及交错磁化率．研究表明：尽管自旋相互作用是反铁磁的，但由于子格对称破缺的影响．而使系统基态呈现出不饱和的铁磁性（即亚铁磁特性）．这与运用LIEB—MATTIS定理的预测结果和自旋波近似的计算定性一致．     

日本条螽鸣声特征的初步研究

应用计算机技术研究采自山西临汾的日本条螽「Ｄｕｃｅｔｉａ ｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ（Ｔｈｕｎｂｅｒｇ）」的鸣声特征。结果表明：日本条螽的鸣叫分起始阶段、低潮阶段和高潮阶段、。低潮阶段的脉冲重复率为９Ｈｚ，高潮阶段的脉冲重复率为５０Ｈｚ。低潮阶段的主能峰频率为１．４ｋＨｚ，次能峰频率为２．４ｋＨｚ。高潮阶段的主能峰频率为１．８ｋＨｚ，次能峰频率为１．６ｋＨｚ。日本条螽鸣叫的能峰主要分布频率为１００Ｈｚ～２．     

一个检测超流的早期淘汰算法

超流是网络中具有大量不同宿IP/源IP链接的源IP/宿IP.实时检测出高速网络(OC48、OC192等)中的超流对网络安全具有非常重要的意义.近年来已经有论文提出了不同超流检测算法,但是这些算法都没有考虑控制测量过程中超流缓存空间的大小.论文在超流检测过程中增加了早期淘汰功能,将超流缓存中链接数较少的记录提前淘汰,以便腾出空间用于存储新检测到的IP记录,实现对超流缓存资源的控制.论文最后还使用实际网络日志数据对算法进行验证,实验表明:早期淘汰算法可以使系统以更少的内存空间和测量资源检测超流信息.     

超冷均匀极化费米气体在共振区三相点附近的相图

研究了超冷均匀极化的费米气体在共振区的相图。在朗道相变理论的框架下, 把热力学势展开到了序参量的六阶, 并且通过比较微观的推导结果与朗道的唯象理论确定出了这些展开项的系数。在温度和费米子极化的相图上得到了三相点的位置。在三相点温度以上, 超流和正常相之间有二级相变。在三相点温度以下, 存在着这两个相共存的相分离区域, 一阶相变的位置被确定下来。     

Dynamic structure factor of a Bose-Hubbard gas

The dynamic structure factor of a Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice, momentum and energy rates imparted to the condensate are analyzed in detail as the function of both the lattice depth and the strength of the two-body interaction. Our investigation shows that the lattice depth strongly affects the dynamic structure factor. An oscillating behavior of both the static structure factor and excitation strength as a function of the momentum transfer has been developed. We also show how interatomic interaction affects these processes and discuss the conditions for possible experimental realization.     

Phase diagram of a two-component Fermi gas with resonant interactions

The pairing of fermions lies at the heart of superconductivity and superfluidity. The stability of these pairs determines the robustness of the superfluid state, and the quest for superconductors with high critical temperature equates to a search for systems with strong pairing mechanisms. Ultracold atomic Fermi gases present a highly controllable model system for studying strongly interacting fermions. Tunable interactions (through Feshbach collisional resonances) and the control of population or mass imbalance among the spin components provide unique opportunities to investigate the stability of pairing-and possibly to search for exotic forms of superfluidity. A major controversy has surrounded the stability of superfluidity against an imbalance between the two spin components when the fermions interact resonantly (that is, at unitarity). Here we present the phase diagram of a spin-polarized Fermi gas of (6)Li atoms at unitarity, experimentally mapping out the superfluid phases versus temperature and density imbalance. Using tomographic techniques, we reveal spatial discontinuities in the spin polarization; this is the signature of a first-order superfluid-to-normal phase transition, and disappears at a tricritical point where the nature of the phase transition changes from first-order to second-order. At zero temperature, there is a quantum phase transition from a fully paired superfluid to a partially polarized normal gas. These observations and the implementation of an in situ ideal gas thermometer provide quantitative tests of theoretical calculations on the stability of resonant superfluidity.     

Superfluid density of two-dimensional weakly interacting boson system at zero temperature

We compute the superfluid density of a two-dimensional boson system with weak two-body repulsive interactions at zero temperature using one-loop perturbation theory in the weak coupling region. The boson fields are taken to be in continuum form in real space, and the interactions are approximated by a δ function of the distance between the bosons. We find that the one-loop fluctuations slightly decrease the superfluid density of a classical level. The superfluid density is approximated by the condensate density multiplied by the mass of the boson particle.     

超流~3He系统的表面拓扑结构的几个注记

本文讨论在圆膜状和球面边界条件下,超流~3He系统诸相的纯表面缺陷的拓扑结构,给出相应的点缺陷和线缺陷的拓扑量子数.本文发现,边界条件对于~3He系统的拓扑结构的影响十分重要.     

Vortices and superfluidity in a strongly interacting Fermi gas

Quantum degenerate Fermi gases provide a remarkable opportunity to study strongly interacting fermions. In contrast to other Fermi systems, such as superconductors, neutron stars or the quark-gluon plasma of the early Universe, these gases have low densities and their interactions can be precisely controlled over an enormous range. Previous experiments with Fermi gases have revealed condensation of fermion pairs. Although these and other studies were consistent with predictions assuming superfluidity, proof of superfluid behaviour has been elusive. Here we report observations of vortex lattices in a strongly interacting, rotating Fermi gas that provide definitive evidence for superfluidity. The interaction and therefore the pairing strength between two 6Li fermions near a Feshbach resonance can be controlled by an external magnetic field. This allows us to explore the crossover from a Bose-Einstein condensate of molecules to a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer superfluid of loosely bound pairs. The crossover is associated with a new form of superfluidity that may provide insights into high-transition-temperature superconductors.     

液氦超流转变温度复现性研究

利用液氦超流转变时超流氦（He Ⅱ）与正常氦（He Ⅰ）热导率突变的性质复现液氦超流转变温度T_λ。采用带毛细管结构的小型密封瓶,通过控温将微小热流通过小型密封瓶毛细管,实现毛细管中He Ⅰ/He Ⅱ两相共存,并使He Ⅰ/He Ⅱ界面停留在毛细管中,从而获得稳定、平坦的液氦超流转变温坪。利用毛细管热流对液氦超流转变温度的下压效应,得到不同热流的多个温坪,进一步利用外推法求得零热流下真实的T_λ值。24次液氦超流转变温度复现实验结果表明,标准偏差为0.022mK,证明了液氦超流转变温度具有良好的稳定性和复现性,推荐将液氦超流转变温度作为国际温标的固定点使用。     

Emergence of a molecular Bose-Einstein condensate from a Fermi gas

The realization of superfluidity in a dilute gas of fermionic atoms, analogous to superconductivity in metals, represents a long-standing goal of ultracold gas research. In such a fermionic superfluid, it should be possible to adjust the interaction strength and tune the system continuously between two limits: a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS)-type superfluid (involving correlated atom pairs in momentum space) and a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), in which spatially local pairs of atoms are bound together. This crossover between BCS-type superfluidity and the BEC limit has long been of theoretical interest, motivated in part by the discovery of high-temperature superconductors. In atomic Fermi gas experiments superfluidity has not yet been demonstrated; however, long-lived molecules consisting of locally paired fermions have been reversibly created. Here we report the direct observation of a molecular Bose-Einstein condensate created solely by adjusting the interaction strength in an ultracold Fermi gas of atoms. This state of matter represents one extreme of the predicted BCS-BEC continuum.     

Probable heat capacity signature of the supersolid transition

Liquid 4He enters the superfluid state and flows without friction below 2.176 K. Thin liquid films adsorbed on solid substrates undergo the same transformation, although at a lower temperature. When the substrate is subjected to oscillatory motion a portion of the film, known as the superfluid fraction, decouples from the oscillation. A similar phenomenon has been observed in solid 4He, in which a fraction of the solid seems to decouple from the motion of the surrounding lattice. Although this observation has been replicated in various laboratories, no thermodynamic signature of the possible supersolid transition has been seen. Here we report the finding of a heat capacity peak that coincides with the onset of mass decoupling. This complementary experimental evidence supports the existence of a genuine transition between the normal solid and supersolid phases of 4He.     

NaCl型半金属铁磁体CrCa7Se8的第一性原理研究

本文采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理研究,优化了具有NaCI结构的CrCa7Se8的几何结构．计算了其自旋极化的电子态密度,电荷分布和离子磁矩等电学和磁学性能,并分析了其电子结构,展望了其在自旋电子学中的应用。研究表明,CrCa7Se8在费米面处具有＋100％的自旋极化率,呈现出半金属性,其超胞磁矩为4．00μB,磁矩主要来源于过渡元素CrCa7Se8具有较宽的自旋带隙和较大的超胞磁矩,可作为自旋半导体材料的优质自旋注入材料。同时,它可能具有较高的居里温度,从而在自旋电子学中具有广泛的应用前景。Cr离子的电子结构为eg2↑t2g2↑。