不同活性短肽对酪朊酸钠乳化特性的影响及其配比优化

比较了水解乳清蛋白、大豆肽、海洋胶原蛋白肽、玉米肽和花生肽等不同活性短肽对酪朊酸钠的乳化活性和乳化稳定性影响,并优化了其蛋白体系乳化效果较好的复配比例.结果表明,水解乳清蛋白与酪朊酸钠的复配比例大于2∶8,大豆肽和海洋胶原蛋白肽分别与酪朊酸钠的复配比例大于1∶9时,以酪朊酸钠为主体的蛋白体系的乳化活性和乳化稳定性均显著降低(p＜0.05);玉米肽和花生肽与酪朊酸钠的复配比例为1∶9时,体系的乳化活性和乳化稳定性均显著降低(p＜0.05).进一步选用水解乳清蛋白、大豆肽和海洋胶原蛋白肽复合后与酪朊酸钠复配,采用混料设计试验,确定复配体系乳化效果较好的3种活性短肽的较佳配比为水解乳清蛋白50％、大豆肽40％、海洋胶原蛋白肽10％,3种复合活性短肽与酪朊酸钠的优化复配比例为3∶7.研究结果可为高蛋白饮料中活性短肽的选择提供理论依据.     

乳清饮料酒研制及其风味物质研究

为了更好的利用干酪加工行业的副产物乳清,选择不同的酒用酵母,按不同比例接种后进行发酵生产乳清饮料酒,对发酵液进行理化指标、感官评价、气相色谱—质谱联用分析。结果表明:乳清饮料酒的最佳生产工艺为添加蔗糖至12%固形物,接种酵母B至1.5e7个/mL,28℃主发酵5～7天,15℃后发酵20天;乳清饮料酒中酒精度7%～8%,色泽黄绿,清透,奶香浓郁,酒香突出,口味协调。     

不同厂家发酵剂对酸奶发酵及货架期品质稳定性的影响

通过对比不同厂家发酵剂对产品发酵过程及货架期内发酵产品品质的影响,最终确定选择复合菌种作为发酵酸奶的发酵剂,按不同厂家菌种用量比例为1∶1进行单因素试验,考察不同菌种用量、不同发酵温度、不同稳定剂用量对酸奶发酵过程的及货架期内发酵产品品质的影响,并以产品的感官评分为指标进行响应面分析.结果显示:单因素实验结果表明,不同复合菌种接种量(1∶1)、不同发酵温度、稳定剂不同用量对发酵酸奶货架期内的感官评分影响均较为明显;Box-Benhnken(BBD)中心组合实验和响应面分析结果表明,在复合菌种接种量(1∶1)为0.03‰、发酵温度为45℃、稳定剂用量为2.52‰的条件下,发酵酸奶的感官评分可达最大值9.2分,表明在该条件下,发酵酸奶货架期内的酸度指标和感官评分的稳定性都相对较好,都在可以接受的理想范围之内.     

凝固型老鹰茶风味发酵乳发酵工艺研究

利用单因素试验和Box-Behnken试验对老鹰茶风味发酵乳工艺参数进行优化,其最佳工艺参数为:鲜奶添加量88%,老鹰茶添加量5.08%,低聚果糖和低聚异麦芽糖比例为1∶1,低聚糖添加量为7.73%;嗜热链球菌∶保加利亚乳杆菌∶植物乳酸杆菌=1∶1∶1,接种量6.25%,发酵温度40℃,发酵时间7h.在此条件下,老鹰茶风味发酵乳具有良好的感官品质,主要理化指标符合GB19302的相关规定,乳酸菌数为1.7×107 CFU·mL~(-1),茶多酚含量为4.1mg·mL~(-1).     

功能性水果饮料发酵工艺及抗氧化活性研究

以糙米和糯米为原料,通过添加酒曲、酵母发酵得到米酒,在此基础上添加混合水果(青苹果、番石榴、脐橙、芒果)和醋酸菌发酵得到一款具有强抗氧化活性、适合多类人群饮用的水果发酵饮料。研究结果表明,水果饮料的最佳发酵工艺为:糙米与糯米比例1∶1；酒曲添加质量分数0.80%,糖化温度30℃,糖化时间3d；酵母添加质量分数0.06%,发酵温度28℃,发酵时间7d；水果与糙米糯米酒比例2∶1,醋酸菌添加质量分数0.30%,发酵温度33℃,发酵时间4d。水果发酵饮料的总糖质量分数为4.62%,酒精度为4.41%,可滴定酸度为3.00%,pH值为3.49,总酚质量浓度为1420.14mg/L,DPPH自由基清除能力为10.14mmol/L,氧自由基吸收能力为16.65mmol/L。     

加速垃圾脱水组合菌的筛选及接种堆酵初步研究

针对垃圾含水量较高对焚烧技术的制约问题,研究采用微生物接种加速垃圾脱水的方法.分别从腐熟矿化垃圾、白菜软腐组织、风干牛粪中分离筛选出4个实验菌株M1、CX1、GX1、RX1,实验菌株两两共存,两两接种发酵最佳组合比例分别为:M1∶GX1为1∶1,M1∶CX为2∶1,M1∶RX1为1∶1.将4株菌M1、GX1、RX1、CX1按照2∶2∶2∶1的比例接入具有明显的优势性,脱水效果高于单菌及两菌组合接种发酵实验组.采用正交实验对组合菌比例进行优化,得到M1、GX1、RX1、CX1比例为2.5∶2.5∶2.5∶1时垃圾减重比率最高.以最佳比例按照0.4%的接种量进行接种,可实现61.63%的较高垃圾脱水率,能够保证实际扩大应用的可行性.     

胶原蛋白对发酵乳品质的影响

通过测定不同胶原蛋白添加量下发酵乳的卜羟脯氨酸的含量、黏度、酸度、乳清析出量和感官品质指标的变化情况,得出胶原蛋白对发酵乳品质的影响．结果表明：胶原蛋白的加入能够提高发酵乳中-L羟脯氨酸的含量,提高发酵乳的黏度和保水性,减少乳清析出,改善发酵乳的口感．     

刺五加发酵茶工艺优化及其抗氧化活性

刺五加为中国北方特有的药食同源型植物资源,为促进刺五加资源的利用,将刺五加发酵制成刺五加发酵茶。首次尝试利用红曲霉、米曲霉和产朊假丝酵母对刺五加鲜叶进行固态发酵,通过测定发酵期间的黄酮含量变化和茶叶感官得分,筛选菌种的添加比例并优化发酵工艺条件;比较发酵前后刺五加体外抗氧化能力。结果显示,较佳菌种添加比例为米曲霉∶红曲霉∶产朊假丝酵母=1∶2∶1。15%的接种量,51%的水分含量,发酵温度36℃,发酵4.5d条件下得到的刺五加发酵茶感官优良,黄酮含量较未发酵刺五加相比提高32.37%。发酵后的刺五加比未发酵刺五加抗氧化活性增加。     

山药红枣保健酒的研发

以山药和红枣为主要原料,研制发酵型山药红枣保健酒。采用单因素试验与正交试验,以酒精度为评价标准,对发酵时间、发酵温度、酵母接种量、山药与红枣间比例等因素进行研究。结果表明:在发酵时间6d,发酵温度27℃,酵母接种量7%,山药与红枣间比例1∶2的条件下发酵,所得产品酒精度可达10.2%vol。     

Fermentation of Bifidobacterium lactis utilizing Tilapia viscera

罗非鱼加工过程中产生大量的下脚料,下脚料中的内脏一般不能被正确处理或高效利用.本研究采用液体发酵工艺,以细菌数为检测指标,以罗非鱼内脏为基本营养发酵乳双歧杆菌Bi07,通过单因素实验和正交实验(L9(34))对其发酵培养基配方和发酵条件进行了优化.优化后的最佳发酵培养基配方为:葡萄糖质量浓度为10 g/L,m料∶m水=1∶7.5,m( NaHCO3)∶m(C3 H7 NO2S·HCI) =4:5,番茄汁体积分数为100 mL/L;最优发酵条件为:发酵时间36 h,发酵温度30℃,接种体积分数5％,初始pH7.0.本研究表明,罗非鱼内脏可以用于乳双歧杆菌的培养基中.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the