肤色信息在人脸检测中的应用研究

随着视频监控系统的快速发展,智能视频分析技术已经广泛地用于人员跟踪与识别、人员身份认证和行为识别等领域。肤色信息是彩色人脸图像最显著的特征,且具有相对稳定性,常被用于人脸检测。该文通过彩色图像描述常用的颜色模型,给出了利用肤色信息进行人脸检测方法的流程,最后通过仿真实验讨论了利用肤色信息进行人脸检测的方法。实验结果表明利用肤色信息可以较好地检测出人脸区域,能够为后续的人脸特征提取和识别奠定良好的基础。     

复杂背景下基于肤色检测的动态手势分割与识别

在类肤色的复杂背景下,基于肤色检测的动态手势识别会因肤色干扰导致识别效率较低。提出了一种基于YCbCr颜色空间的改进三帧差分法的动态手势识别方法。首先利用改进的三帧差分法对动态手势进行分割,有效去除类肤色背景;然后根据人体肤色在YCbCr颜色空间中的聚类效果,采用基于椭圆模型的肤色检测方法有效去除非肤色背景,分割出手势区域。通过双特征提取,有效去除大范围的肤色背景,最终得到完整的手势;最后利用BP神经网络较强的自学习能力,对分割的动态手势进行检测识别。实验结果表明,此方法在应对环境变化时具有较好的实时性和抗干扰能力,拥有较高的识别率。     

一种区域逐像素点肤色检测算法

提出了一种区域逐像素点检测的皮肤识别算法,采用皮肤颜色的聚类性分析方法,实现了人的肤色在YCb Cr空间的数学建模、特征分析和肤色识别.在满足实时性检测要求的前提下,利用彩色空间阈值比较法,在16×16个的图像局部区域内逐像素点进行肤色检测,不需要大量的图像数据存储空间,能够节省系统的硬件资源.仿真结果和FPGA硬件验证均表明,提出的区域逐像素点检测识别方法,便于硬件实现,相对于传统的皮肤识别算法,占用的存储资源更少,并能够满足实时性皮肤识别的要求.     

利用颜色信息的人脸检测方法研究

提出一种利用颜色信息的人脸检测方法 .首先把输入的彩色图像从 RGB转换到 YIQ颜色空间 ,提取与人的肤色相关的 I分量图像 ,通过对整幅 I分量图像进行尺度变化和窗口扫描 ,解决待测人脸的位置、大小不同问题 ,实现平移不变和尺度不变 .然后对 I分量图像进行门限化处理 ,提取 I分量图像中可能包含人脸的接近人的肤色的区域 .最后把经过肤色区域滤波的灰度图像作为特征送入训练好的神经网络 ,由神经网络判别该图像是否一张人脸 .实验表明 ,该方法能有效地检测彩色图像中的人脸     

一种多人脸跟踪方法的研究

本文采用将肤色信息和运动信息相结合的方法进行人脸检测，此法具有快速，计算量小的优点；采用改进的Camshift算法，并结合以衣服颜色为特征的模扳匹配分类法，实现了多人脸的有效跟踪。     

几种常用的肤色检测颜色空间

本文主要介绍了一种常用的肤色检测方法即肤色区域边界固定法,同时介绍了利用该方法进行肤色检测的几种常用的肤色检测颜色空间如RGB、YCbCr以及HSV颜色空间,并在这几个颜色空间中对在Internet上获取的200个光照均匀的肤色块进行肤色检测,统计出在每个颜色空间中肤色检测的正确率并对实验结果做出分析。最终的实验结果表明,在所取图片的光照比较均匀的条件下,HSV颜色空间的肤色检测效果最佳,YCbCr颜色空间次之,RGB颜色空间最差。     

利用颜色信息的人脸检测方法

提出一种利用颜色信息的人脸检测方法,首先把输入的彩色图像从ＲＧＢ转换到ＹＩＱ颜色空间,提取与人的肤色相关的Ｉ分量图像,通过对整幅Ｉ分量图像进行尺度变化和窗口扫描,解决待测人脸的位置,大小不同问题,实现平移不变和尺度不变。然后对Ｉ分量图像进行门限化处理。     

智能空间下基于手势识别的人机交互

在智能空间框架下,提出了基于手势识别的人机交互。在基于手势识别的人机交互设计中,采用掩膜平滑滤波方法去除噪声。在HIS色彩空间中,通过非参数化的颜色直方图取得肤色范围,然后应用肤色阀值和面积几何特征对目标手势进行提取,最后通过最小欧氏距离分类方法进行模式识别得到用户的命令。经实验验证取得了良好的效果。     

基于模糊-神经网络的肤色像素检测算法

 肤色像素检测技术是成人图像识别、人脸识别等与人体相关的图像识别系统的基础和重要组成部分。为了提高肤色像素检测的准确度,本文提出一种模糊理论与FP神经网络（Forward Propagation Neural Network）相结合的肤色像素检测算法。算法首先通过模糊理论和直觉模糊理论提取待识别像素的颜色特征,构成特征向量,其中包括像素对常见肤色像素颜色值的隶属度和犹豫度,为完整的表达肤色像素的特征,再加入粗糙度特征进行补充;然后训练出FP神经网络,对所提取的特征向量进行肤色像素与非肤色像素的分类。实验证明,该算法能够提高肤色像素检测的准确度,可以有效地应用在有关人体的识别系统中。     

视频序列中基于肤色的人脸实时检测

利用肤色在颜色空间的聚类特性来检测人脸,为了去除亮度对肤色的影响,增强检测的可靠性,采用了同时在RGB归一化颜色空间和HSV颜色空间中对肤色进行检测.在肤色检测之前采用了图像差分法先检测出运动空间,消除了背景对肤色检测的影响,也缩小了肤色搜索的范围.关于实际场景的实验表明,本文算法既能准确地检测出人脸,同时又能够达到实时效果.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.