ERDAS平台遥感专题信息提取及专题图制作

对遥感数据进行专题信息提取和制作专题图是遥感图像处理的一个重要的内容。本文基于ERDAS IMAGINE操作平台,介绍对遥感专题信息的提取过程和专题图的制作流程。     

遥感图像土地覆被专题信息提取方法综述

土地覆被是全球变化研究的重要内容,而专题信息获取是其研究的前提和基础,如何有效地利用丰富的遥感数据源获取高精度的土地覆被专题信息,对于实时动态监测具有重要的意义.在综合分析当前主要的遥感信息提取方法基础上,将土地覆被专题信息提取方法归纳为目视解译、基于统计分析的图像分类、多源信息复合和基于对象的专题信息提取四大类,并综述了各种方法的优缺点、适用领域和应用情况,最后对其研究方向和发展趋势进行了展望,指出地学专家知识、人工智能、非线性理论以及“面向地块”的信息提取方法是其发展方向.     

基于ArcScan的遥感影像中水域信息快速提取方法

将遥感信息的动态性和地理信息系统的分析功能相结合,可以快速、准确地分析水域动态变化。作者在总结前人研究的基础上,提出了基于ArcScan自动矢量化水体边界、快速提取水域信息的方法,文章主要介绍了ArcScan模块、研究流程与具体的方法,并以安徽巢湖2个时期的水域信息提取为例,取得了很好的效果;实践表明,在遥感图像分类的基础上,基于ArcScan自动提取水域信息的方法获得底图要素,可以大大提高专题制图的质量、效率和灵活性。     

基于混合特征空间MRF(Markov Random Filed)模型的高分辨率遥感影像水体提取

水体信息提取是遥感图像在水资源调查与利用、水生态监测等应用中的关键技术之一.针对现有的水体指数法或影像分类法在水体边界处理效果不够精确、易产生误提取和漏提取等问题,提出一种基于混合特征空间与MRF模型图像分割算法的水体提取新算法.结合遥感图像颜色特征与归一化差异水体指数NDWI创建混合特征空间,将遥感图像中的像素作为MRF模型中的随机变量,构建基于混合特征的能量函数,使用迭代的图割算法(Graph Cut)最小化能量函数确定水体边界,然后根据已提取的水体主体的水体指数及颜色特征等信息对水体边界进行自适应精细化处理.对石梁河水库水体提取的实验表明,该方法能够自动对周边环境复杂的水库水体信息进行提取,并且水体边界的提取效果良好,达到较高的水体提取精度.     

基于空间形态特征遥感边缘信息的提取方法

边缘信息是地物间波谱差异的反映.仅仅考虑灰度差异并不能满足专题信息-地物边缘提取的需要.加入地物的空间形态特征依据,可以使边缘信息提取更准确.在灰值形态学梯度算法和多方位形态结构元素形态学理论分析基础上,提出了提取遥感图像边缘信息的新方法.叙述了结构元素的设计和边缘提取过程,给出了应用实例并得到良好的视觉效果.     

TM遥感图像中居民点的自动提取

介绍了一种TM遥感图像中居民点目标自动提取的方法.针对TM遥感图像的光谱特征,提出一种基于多波段信息的图像分割模型,提取出居民点、道路及河滩地等光谱相近的地物.然后依据居民点的形态特征分离道路,并利用空间关系知识分离出河滩地.试验结果表明该方法能快速准确地识别提取TM遥感图像中的大部分居民点.     

基于LinkNet卷积神经网络的高分辨率遥感影像水体信息提取

针对高空间分辨率(简称高分辨率)遥感影像在水体信息提取时准确度不高的问题,采用LinkNet卷积神经网络模型对高分辨率遥感影像进行水体信息提取,验证该网络模型对于水体信息提取的可行性及有效性.首先选取包含水体的影像数据作为训练数据,然后构建LinkNet卷积神经网络模型,并利用构建好的网络模型训练得到水体信息的先验模型,最后采用该模型对真实高分辨率遥感影像进行水体信息提取,并与经典算法比较.实验结果表明:LinkNet卷积神经网络模型能够实现高分辨率遥感影像水体信息的高精度提取,且优于经典算法.     

辐射沙脊群地貌因子自动提取模型

使用常规遥感图像处理方法提取江苏沿海辐射沙脊群地貌因子,需要大量的人工解译工作,费时费力效率较低。研究使用Model Builder建模工具构建沙脊群地貌因子的自动提取模型,实现了地貌信息的一站式实时提取,避免多次重复工作,能够快速有效地得到较为准确的地貌因子。依据辐射沙脊群水边线、沙脊中心线自动化提取算法,在模型中集成了遥感图像处理和GIS的数据转换与空间分析功能。使用三期Landsat TM影像进行了提取试验;并将结果与原影像、传统目视解译方法获得的地貌特征数据进行了比较验证。结果表明,该方法有较高的实用意义,在水边线、沙脊中心线信息提取速度快、精度较高。     

海战场的目标检测与识别

针对海战场图像信息的目标检测与识别,提出了一种适于海战场区域特征的遥感图像目标检测与识别方法．研究采用线性滤波器将图像划分为若干个空间尺度,并对不同空间尺度的图像,根据生物视觉生理特性的原理,提取图像中目标的视觉显著性特征,此特征包含目标不同于其周围区域的程度和空间分布状态．根据分析提取的目标空间特征信息,使用支持向量机对视觉显著性特征图像进行分类,实现目标信息提取,并通过Dempster-Shafer证据理论的分析方法判断目标的相关信息及其置信度,达到识别目标的目的．实验结果表明：此方法能以高可靠性和高精确度检测出海战场图像信息中的目标,获取目标相关信息．     

基于卫星遥感的水体信息提取研究进展与展望

水体时空分布特征对于水资源监测与应用具有重要意义,而包括水体分布在内的地物覆盖类型分类和变化分析是遥感技术最常见的应用。对大区域的水体参数提取,尤其是高山无人区的水体的定量分析,利用卫星遥感数据进行水体位置、面积、形状和河宽等水体参数提取,不仅节省人力、保障安全,还提高了工作效率,已经成为一种快速获取水体参数的有效方法和手段。该文从4个方面对卫星遥感在水体信息提取上的应用现状进行综述:水体在电磁波波谱各波谱段的反射特性; 1980年以来国内外基于雷达和光学遥感数据提取水体信息的研究状况和具体应用方向;各种水体信息提取方法的工作原理和优缺点;应用卫星遥感技术提取水体信息面临的挑战和尚待解决的关键问题,利用遥感技术提取水体遥感信息的发展趋势展望。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.