遥感与水动力模型相结合的宽大潮滩历史地形反演

潮滩作为陆海交互区,面积宽广,测量困难,历史地形资料缺失,已经严重影响到潮滩的开发利用。以辐射沙脊群潮滩为实验区,利用1987年前后的TM、MSS影像提取不同潮情下的系列水边线,运用Mike21水动力模型模拟遥感图像对应时刻下的瞬时海面高度,为水边线赋值,进而通过地形反复迭代得到数字高程模型。结果表明,在辐射沙脊群潮滩区,水边线法获取的地形结果与海图上测点的相关性较高,决定系数R~2达0.864,绝对平均误差0.37 m,均方根误差0.41 m,地形结果可用于进一步的潮滩地貌演变分析。     

南黄海辐射沙脊群地形遥感识别及分析

为认识南黄海辐射沙脊群的分布演变规律,并为海洋发展战略的实施提供参考资料,在综合分析国内外沙脊线以及中轴线提取方法的研究现状基础上,以南黄海辐射沙脊群为研究区,将遥感技术与中轴线、沙脊线结合形成遥感沙脊线法和遥感中轴线法,提取潮汐水道的平面中轴线和沙脊的沙脊线以进行沙脊群的动态演变监测.选用1992至2009年间4景TM遥感影像对辐射沙脊群地区进行沙脊线和中轴线提取,综合分析后得出以下结论:(1)黄沙洋中轴线的头部变化不大,分支点在17年间不断变动,尾部向北移动了3 383米.(2)苦水洋中轴线的变化很大,头部分支点向东南移动,中轴线后段完全变向.(3)西洋主轴尾部变化并不大,1992年后西侧的一支逐渐消失,未消失的两支在多年后又汇聚成新的一支.(4)东沙沙脊线主轴由一个分支变为两个分支,主轴弯曲程度逐年增加,并整体向东北移动.     

基于遥感地貌特征的潮流沙脊人工岛围堤选线方法 ——以辐射沙脊群东沙为例

以辐射沙脊群海域离岸沙脊东沙为研究区,探讨在水文、泥沙、地形等基础资料缺乏的条件下,离岸沙脊人工岛式围填选线布局辅助设计方法。采用1973—2014年长时间序列低潮遥感数据,提取沙脊露滩重复率指数指标,实现沙脊稳定性特征的定量计算,并根据指数分布特征及其栅格数量频率分布特征确定最稳定、最适宜的沙脊围堤外廓线选址;采用地貌演变特征线——沙脊二分水和主要子纳潮盆地分水线,实现围填区沙脊二分水主干内廓线和主要子纳潮盆地分水线辅助内廓线设计。     

基于GIS的中国1:100万陆地数字地貌遥感解译与分析——以台湾省为例

采用卫星遥感图像解译编制全国1:100万地貌图是一项复杂的科学工程,其中陆地数字地貌遥感解译又是新的重要工作.在全国1:100万地貌遥感制图的基础上,选取台湾地貌环境特征,探索1:100万陆地数字地貌遥感解译的基本原则、方法和流程.并运用现代地貌学理论和方法,借助GIS技术,提取主要地貌特征因子,划分地貌类型.为研究台湾现代地貌特征,以及资源的综合开发提供了空间信息基础平台.     

3S技术在中药材种植信息提取中的应用——以太和县桔梗种植为例

在分析安徽省太和县Landsat卫星2003年4月16日轨道号122037的TM遥感影像数据特征的基础上,利用遥感与地理信息系统软件处理遥感影像的方法,对图像数据进行几何校正和融合处理,采用遥感图像多源信息复合、人机交互解译与GIS技术相结合的解译方法,实现中药材种植面积的提取,获得了理想的结果,使相关的决策层以及种植户可以充分了解相关信息,为规划者和决策者提供了一种更加科学客观的新手段。     

权台煤矿塌陷区变化趋势研究

该文采用SPOT不同时相的数字遥感图像,利用数字图像处理技术和地理信息系统技术,首先对数据经过常规的处理,然后在ENVI的Classifier模块对图像进行了监督分类,在充分分析塌陷区特征、领域知识、遥感影像特征等基础上,采用人机交互式解译,目视解译,提取出了采煤塌陷区信息并进行分析权台煤矿塌陷区变化趋势。     

3S技术在梓潼县农村土地调查中的应用

以四川省梓潼县为例,利用MAPGIS图像处理系统通过对遥感图像进行图像增强、图像几何校正、融合等处理,得到1:1 0000正射遥感图像.对梓潼县所辖区域农村土地进行实地外业踏探,建立土地分类的影像解译标志.此外,运用MapGIS图形编辑系统,通过人机交互目视解译,对目标地物分层矢量化,提取梓潼县农村土地利用现状信息,并在此基础上建立了农村土地调查数据库,为当地土地资源的科学开发利用提供了基础数据.     

基岩裸露区基于多光谱遥感影像的快速地质解译——以甘肃北山黑山地区为例

目前遥感地质的影像解译主要以传统的目视解译为主,借助经验,方法落后、效率低下,且缺乏基于光谱的计算机自动分类、基于专家知识的决策树模型或面向对象特征等自动提取方法;目前遥感地质的解译主要强调遥感影像的空间分辨率,而对于图像波谱数据利用非常少.本研究旨在通过各种图像变换或增强手段,发挥人眼对部分彩色空间图像特别敏感的特点,利用已有地质背景资料划分符合地质习惯的单一地层或岩体的区域,建立典型的感兴趣区,然后计算其平均波谱,进而利用ENVI软件监督分类中的神经网络分类工具,设定恰当的权重与临界阈值,最后达到较好区分不同地层或岩体的目的.本研究选择甘肃北山黑山地区,利用lansat8多光谱数据进行试验,其研究成果可为遥感地质工作提供快速智能的影像解译方法提供参考,同时也可以应用于青海、西藏等广阔的基岩出露区域,为矿产资源勘探提供科学依据和决策支持.     

利用高分辨率遥感图像提取建筑物阴影信息初探

首先对上海市中心城区遥感影像建库，把众多的遥感影像数据组织起来，以方便管理和使用．在此基础上，利用GIS和RS技术，对遥感数据解译处理，提取建筑物阴影信息，从而为估算建筑物高度值作准备．     

一种基于Hop-Along的遥感图像道路提取算法

基于数值形态学的道路提取是遥感图像处理的常见问题,通常结构元素的选取复杂多变,降低了算法的自动化程度.文章结合数值形态学和Hop-Along算法,对影像进行预处理、阈值分割,得到包含道路信息的二值影像;使用数值形态学的腐蚀运算及形态重建,得到主要道路网络;使用局部Hop-Along算法进行多线拟合,得到单像素的道路中心线.通过对高分辨率遥感图像的Matlab实验证明,算法大幅降低了选取结构元素的次数,提高了自动化程度,且保持了数值形态学的几何学特性.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.