胜利油田稠油油藏氮气泡沫驱适应性研究

针对胜利油田的油藏条件,利用物理模拟实验和油藏数值模拟技术,详细研究了油层非均质性,原油粘度,油层韵律性等油藏条件对氮气泡沫驱油效果的影响,并对起泡剂浓度,注入气液比,泡沫注入量,转驱时机等参数进行了优化.研究结果表明:氮气泡沫驱具有优良的封堵调剖能力,能很好地改善非均质性稠油油藏的开发效果.在此基础上,总结出了适合于氮气泡沫驱开采的油藏条件,所得结果对胜利油田选择合适的氮气泡沫区块具有一定的指导意义.     

渤海J油田氮气复合泡沫调驱室内实验研究

为了能够给JZ25-1S油田氮气泡沫调驱现场施工应用提供理论依据,基于JZ25-1S油田油藏特征,采用Waring Blender法为其筛选出氮气泡沫调驱用起泡剂体系:质量浓度为0.5%,QP-18+800,mg/LHPAM。通过室内岩心流动阻力因子实验研究,优选了该体系的注入参数,实验结果表明,最佳气液比1∶3,最佳注入速度2,m L/min,通过室内实验研究,能够为现场施工提供指导性意见。     

塔河油田高温高盐苛刻油藏高效起泡剂优选与性能评价

 为进一步提高塔河油田高温高盐油藏的采收率,探索高温高盐油藏泡沫驱油的可行性,通过Ross-Miles 法,以泡沫综合值为评价指标优选了耐高温耐高盐起泡剂体系,评价其稳定性、表/界面张力和高温高压下泡沫起泡性能,并通过物理模拟实验研究了泡沫对地层的适应性和驱油效果。实验结果表明:优选的起泡剂为HTS-1 两性表面活性剂,高温高盐稳定性好,且能使油水界面张力降低到10^-1 mN/m 数量级;在高压高温下起泡剂的起泡和稳泡性能大幅度提高,且随着压力的增加,起泡性能有进一步增加的趋势;单管岩心物理实验证明泡沫对地层有较广的适应性,在一定地层渗透率范围下,泡沫的封堵性能随渗透率的增大而增强,超过一定渗透率后泡沫的封堵性能下降;驱油实验显示出泡沫能有效封堵高渗层,实现液流转向,并能提高洗油效率,采收率增值达到17%左右。     

泡沫堵水体系工艺参数优选实验研究

针对海上油田长期水驱开发后油井水窜严重、含水率过高严重影响油井质量的问题,通过室内实验,对泡沫堵水体系进行了评价优选:确定SD型起泡剂的最佳质量分数为1.0%,HK海水速溶型聚合物为稳泡剂,最优质量分数为0.1%。综合上述实验结果,得到最优泡沫堵剂体系为1.0%SD型起泡剂+0.1%HK海水速溶型聚合物。通过泡沫堵水三维模拟实验装置,对泡沫注入参数进行优选,实验结果表明,该泡沫体系最优段塞注入量为0.3～0.5 PV,最优注入时机为含水率80%～90%时,此条件下三维岩心综合采收率提升幅度最大,分流效果最佳,且注泡沫后含水率下降漏斗最为明显。     

特低渗油藏氮气泡沫驱油效率实验研究其现场应用

为进一步提高特低渗JD油田原油采收率,在模拟油藏条件下,开展氮气泡沫驱油效率实验,研究注入方式、注入量、注入速度以及气液比对氮气泡沫驱油效率的影响。结果表明:水驱后转气水交替驱易形成窜流,封堵效果不佳;氮气泡沫驱驱油效率比纯氮气驱驱油效率高;氮气与起泡剂溶液段塞式注入比气液混合注入更适合该区块;采出程度增幅随着注入速度的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势;当气液体积比为1∶1时,整体采出程度增幅最大。最佳的注入段塞量为0. 1 PV0. 33%起泡剂溶液+0. 1 PV氮气+0. 03 PV地层水+0. 1 PV0. 33%起泡剂溶液+0. 1 PV氮气+0. 03 PV地层水,段塞的最佳注入速度为0. 03 m L/min。现场试验表明氮气泡沫驱能有效提高原油采收率。     

特低渗油藏氮气泡沫调驱适应性研究

针对吉林油田某区块纵向油层动用不均、含水率高、采出程度偏低的现象,应用室内模拟实验和数值模拟方法进行了氮气泡沫调驱的适应性研究。物模实验发现,发泡剂综合发泡能力评价指数有利于发泡剂的统一筛选,确定质量分数0.3%JH-12起泡剂与质量分数0.03%AP-12稳泡剂的复配体系作为氮气泡沫驱的优选起泡剂体系;考虑现场实施的可行性,当岩心渗透率级差为4.67,采用双段塞气液交替注入方式氮气泡沫驱油效果更佳。利用数值模拟得到工区氮气泡沫调驱参数优选结果:注入方式为双段塞气液交替注入,泡沫段塞注入量为0.4 PV,地层注入气液比为1∶1,氮气注入速度为0.12 PV/a,这与室内物模实验结果基本一致。数值模拟井组氮气泡沫调驱采出程度增幅可达3.31%,产出投入比为3.29,表明方案可获得较高的经济效益。     

复合泡沫酸体系的优选及性能评价

泡沫酸是针对常规酸化反应速度太快、腐蚀作用强、难以返排的缺点而提出的一种缓速酸体系,是以常规酸液及其添加剂为基液,由起泡剂发泡和稳泡剂稳定构成的多相体系。实验对泡沫酸的起泡性能进行了评价,并从温度、原油含量、稳泡剂浓度对起泡性能的影响等方面进行了对比,分别优选出起泡能力和稳泡能力较强的起泡剂和稳泡剂。同时,通过复合泡沫酸体系与石英砂、钢材N80的实验可以看出,泡沫酸体系具有很好的缓速作用和缓蚀作用。泡沫酸具有泡沫所具有的表观粘度高,易返排,携带能力强,以及对地层渗透率和对油水层的选择性的特点,通过室内物理模拟实验,确定了满足现场施工条件的复合泡沫酸体系,为酸化工艺的实施提供了重要的理论依据。     

QW-2型氮气泡沫驱起泡剂的研究及其性能评价

为了选择一种适合BZ25．1油田氮气泡沫驱用的起泡剂,利用Waring Blender法分别从多种起泡剂体系和稳泡剂体系中筛选出起泡性能好的起泡剂QP-2和稳泡能力强的稳泡剂WP-3,采用复配增效原理,研制成QW-2型泡沫剂．该体系具有良好的耐温抗盐陛和耐油性能,通过泡沫体系物理模拟试验,测定了泡沫在岩心中驱油效果．室内试验表明,QW-2体系能提高采收率14．5％．     

氮气泡沫热水驱油室内实验研究

利用现场提供的起泡剂和原油等原料 ,在室内对泡沫剂进行了评价 ,对岩心驱油效果及改善波及体积进行了实验研究 ,分析了氮气泡沫热水驱提高采收率的机理 ,并对影响氮气泡沫热水驱油效率的泡沫剂的起泡性、半衰期、最优气液比、起泡剂质量分数等因素进行了分析。结果表明 ,在一定起泡剂质量分数范围内 ,随着气泡质量分数的增加 ,起泡能力、半衰期和阻力因子也增加。最优气液比为 1∶2 ,最佳气泡剂质量分数为 0 .3%。在非均质油层(模型 )中泡沫的驱油效果比在均质油层 (模型 )中的更好 ,残余油饱和度降低了 2 1.1% ,采收率提高了 31.2 %。     

水平井开发底水稠油油藏氮气泡沫和冻胶控水三维物理模拟试验

针对水平井开发底水稠油油藏时发生底水突破产生底水"脊进"的问题,设计三维物理模拟装置,研究底水驱动油藏中的底水脊进及水平井中产生的水淹现象,对均质底水油藏分别进行注氮气泡沫和注冻胶压水锥的两组试验,油藏发生底水突破后,向油藏中注入封堵剂,通过分别注入3个段塞体积为0.1Vp的氮气泡沫和冻胶堵剂,对已经发生底水突破的油藏进行封堵与压水,对比分析泡沫、冻胶等堵剂的控水效果。结果表明,含水率在进行氮气泡沫和冻胶封堵的初期分别降低了48%和24%,最终采出程度分别提高了27%和51%,底水脊进得到了有效压制。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.