QW-2型氮气泡沫驱起泡剂的研究及其性能评价

为了选择一种适合BZ25．1油田氮气泡沫驱用的起泡剂,利用Waring Blender法分别从多种起泡剂体系和稳泡剂体系中筛选出起泡性能好的起泡剂QP-2和稳泡能力强的稳泡剂WP-3,采用复配增效原理,研制成QW-2型泡沫剂．该体系具有良好的耐温抗盐陛和耐油性能,通过泡沫体系物理模拟试验,测定了泡沫在岩心中驱油效果．室内试验表明,QW-2体系能提高采收率14．5％．     

高温高压条件下泡排剂PP-F13发泡性及稳定性评价

使用改进气流法,对泡排剂PP-F13在高温高压条件下的发泡能力、稳定性及携液能力开展了实验评价。结果表明,高压有利于泡沫性能,随着压力的增大,泡沫稳定性显著提高,20 MPa的泡沫半衰期较常压增幅为199.14%,并且压力高于10 MPa后,泡沫稳定性提高幅度不大;而随着温度的增加,泡沫稳定性大幅度降低。压力与温度对泡沫的发泡性影响都不大。稳泡剂能够改善泡排剂的高温稳定性,其中无机稳泡剂SiO_2稳泡能力优于有机稳泡剂HPAM及CMC,适用于高温气藏条件。当压力10 MPa、温度120℃时,含SiO_2复合泡沫体系的泡沫半衰期是相同条件下无稳泡剂泡沫体系的3.59倍,达到1 295 s。高温高压动态携液实验表明,气流速度较低时,SiO_2稳泡剂对泡排剂携液能力作用小,但随着气流速度的增大,SiO_2复合泡沫体系携液能力较无稳泡剂泡沫体系有显著提高。     

基于气流法筛选复合泡沫驱用起泡剂体系

针对某油田复合泡沫驱用起泡剂的性能评价,采用气流法对复合泡沫体系驱油用起泡剂的起泡性、稳泡性及其影响因素进行研究。静态试验结果表明:起泡剂浓度、地层水矿化度、气液比等因素对体系性能具有重要影响。通过对比试验发现,阴离子型起泡剂的起泡性能和稳泡性能最优,其中QP-2在不同的气液比和地层水矿化度条件下都具有较好的起泡性能和稳泡性能,并且其最佳使用浓度为0.5%,在不同气液比情况下随矿化度的增加,起泡剂的综合性能逐渐降低,但影响不大,随气液比的增大,起泡剂的起泡性和稳泡性也随之增加。     

煤层低伤害氮气泡沫压裂液研究

随着煤层气开发规模不断扩大,在煤层压裂增产过程中压裂液滤失量高、地层伤害严重、返排困难且压裂效果差等问题不断凸显。结合煤层气储层物性,研制低伤害氮气泡沫压裂液体系,即0.5%YSJ杀菌剂+1%FP-1复合起泡剂+2%KCl防膨剂+N2。对该氮气泡沫压裂液体系进行滤失试验和分散试验研究。结果表明:该泡沫压裂液体系起泡及稳泡性能良好,耐剪切能力强,携砂能力强;泡沫和气液两相滤饼的封堵作用可以明显降低压裂液的滤失量,并且氮气可以增强压裂液的返排能力;压裂液体系中的表面活性剂可以降低煤粉与水相的界面张力,提高压裂液对煤粉的分散能力;相对于常规压裂液体系,氮气泡沫压裂液体系对煤层气岩心的伤害较小。     

一种泡沫酸配方及其分流酸化性能评价

泡沫酸因其诸多优于常规酸的性能而被广泛应用于油田增产措施中.室内确定了一种泡沫酸体系配方,以12%HCl和3%HF土酸为酸基液,泡沫体系由0.8%复合型起泡剂EL-23与0.3%高聚物稳泡剂D组成.泡沫体系与酸液配伍性好,泡沫半衰期20 min.分流实验表明,泡沫酸显著降低高渗岩心而增加低渗岩心的注入量,泡沫流体在不同渗透率地层的注入量比例得到合理调整.酸化前后渗透率变化率表明,泡沫酸对低渗层的改善程度高于高渗层.泡沫对水层具有选择性封堵能力,防止酸对水层过度酸化,使酸液更充分改善油层的渗流能力.泡沫酸对渗透率和油水层均具有分流选择性酸化的特点.     

巨型表面活性剂强化泡沫封堵性能研究

泡沫驱是一种重要的提升原油采收率技术。本文通过多重点击反应,采用一锅法合成了一种巨型表面活性剂类稳泡剂HPOSS-PS25,利用HPOSS-PS25较高的表面活性及较强的增粘性能,显著改善了起泡液的起泡性能及其泡沫稳定性、粘弹性。通过稳泡实验及泡沫流动实验测定并分析了HPOSS-PS25对起泡液起泡能力及泡沫稳定性、调驱性能的影响。结果发现,与HPAM/SDS泡沫及起泡体系相比,HPOSS-PS25/SDS体系起泡200 ml所用起泡时间缩短了40.1%,为42.3 s;泡沫消泡半衰期提升了128.0%,达871.4 s;50℃阻力因子提高了28.8%,达985。     

新型耐温抗高盐驱油泡沫体系的确定

采用抗盐性能较好的起泡剂XN,对三种抗盐性较好的稳泡剂HXYP、YPA、PAM,在温度为80℃,矿化度为20.3×10 4mg/L条件下,进行了单独和两两复配后的起泡性能对比。实验结果显示：在稳泡剂和起泡剂总浓度相同的条件下,单一稳泡剂体系和YPA与PAM复配稳泡体系不能产生稳定的泡沫,HXYP与YPA、 PAM复配稳泡体系均在配比为9∶1条件下抗盐性能最佳。并对这两种复配稳泡体系进行了起泡剂和稳泡剂总量的优选,确定了泡沫体系的两种配方：①稳泡剂：HXYP1800mg/L＋YPA200mg/L,起泡剂：XN2 000mg/L;②稳泡剂：HXYP1800mg/L＋PAM200mg/L,起泡剂：XN2000mg/L。两个体系的泡沫质量和半衰期分别为68%、59.7min和67.7%、64.1min,抗高盐性能优越。     

驱油泡沫稳定剂的性能研究

在硫酸盐起泡液中添加4种不同类型的增粘性稳泡剂后,用Waring Blender法评价了起泡液的起泡情况以及不同稳泡剂的稳泡效果。利用布氏粘度计对4种稳泡剂溶液粘度的测定,从而了解了不同稳泡剂溶液随温度的升高和盐度的增大其粘度降解的情况。在此基础上,优选出了疏水缔合聚合物及其最佳加量。实验结果表明:添加了疏水缔合聚合物稳泡剂的起泡液具有在较高温度和矿化度下起泡能力较强且所起泡沫半衰期较长的优点,在油田EOR过程中注泡沫体系中具有良好的应用前景。     

氮气泡沫驱用起泡剂优选及起泡性能评价

以综合起泡能力作为评价指标,利用Waring Blender评价方法,在对常用起泡剂进行初选的基础上,对起泡剂的起泡性能及起泡剂加入浓度、稳泡剂加入浓度进行了评价和优选.结果表明:HY-2型起泡剂在模拟油田地层水下具有较好的综合起泡能力,起泡剂加入浓度为0.5%,液相黏度对起泡剂的稳定性影响较大,存在一个最优的液相黏度值,稳泡剂加入浓度不应小于700 mg/L.原油的存在使泡沫的起泡体积和稳定性均呈现下降的趋势.泡沫的这种特性,有利于调整高低渗透层中的流度差异.     

气井泡排剂YG-1性能评价

在有水气藏开采的中后期,为排除井底积液,通常采用泡沫排水采气工艺以提高气井采收率,但是井筒积液具有较高矿化度以及甲醇等都会影响泡排剂的性能.针对这一问题,以长链氧化胺和合成两性离子表面活性剂为主剂,并加入非增黏性稳泡剂,研制出一种耐盐抗甲醇泡排剂YG-1.室内实验以起泡高度和携液量为评价指标,采用罗氏-迈尔斯(Ross-Miles)方法考察了该泡排剂的耐盐性能和抗甲醇性能,并与现场应用较多的泡排剂UT-11C和UT-11B进行对比实验.实验结果表明,泡排剂YG-1具有较好的耐温抗凝析油能力以及良好的耐盐抗甲醇能力.并且YG-1与地层水具有良好的配伍性能,可适用于高含甲醇和高矿化度的气井生产.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.