边界积分方程中近边界点几乎奇异积分的计算

该文针对边界元法存在近边界点力学量计算的困难,给出了一个通用性方法,将近边界点到边界单元的距离参数通过分部积分变换到积分式之外,从而计算出二维问题近边界点参量的几乎强奇异和超奇异积分.该法同样适用于板壳问题的边界元法,尤其是对于将超奇异边界积分方程正则化为强奇异边界积分方程的边界元法,求解近边界点参量更加有效.     

位势问题直接边界元法中的边界层效应

边界层效应的数值分析是边界元法的难点之一,其实质是几乎奇异积分的准确计算.在直接变量位势问题的边界元分析中,位势梯度边界积分方程会衍生出超奇异积分.因此,在求解近边界点处的位势梯度时会面临几乎强奇异和几乎超奇异积分的处理问题,特别是几乎超奇异积分的处理会更加困难.通过采用一类非线性变量替换法,来消除积分核的几乎奇异性,并将其应用于位势及其梯度边界积分方程的求解中.数值实验算例表明,该算法可非常准确地求得近边界点处的位势梯度,即使场点非常靠近边界,仍能避免产生边界层效应现象.     

热弹性力学边界元中二次元的几乎奇异积分计算

采用正则化积分算法,计算了二维热弹性力学边界元法中近边界点的几乎奇异积分。算法采用二次元划分边界,但对与内点邻近的二次单元,几何量采用线性插值,位移、面力等物理量仍采用二次插值。对此二次非等参单元上的积分采用正则化积分公式。算例证明了该文算法的有效性和精确性。     

二维弹性静力学的奇异杂交边界点法

杂交边界点法是一种边界型的无网格法，它以修正变分原理和移动最小二乘近似为基础，同时具有边界元法和无网格法的优良特性。本文在原有杂交边界点法的基础上，借鉴了边界元法处理奇异积分的方法，避免了正则杂交边界点法中计算结果对于标量因子的依赖性。数值结果表明，奇异杂交边界点法具有较高的精度和数值稳定性。     

用自然边界元法计算位势问题的近边界位势梯度

在二维位势问题中,位势导数场边界积分方程通常衍生出超奇异积分问题。通过新边界变量的替换消除了常规的位势导数边界积分方程中超奇异积分,推导出以位势梯度为边界量的自然边界积分方程。在常规的位势边界积分方程执行后,采用自然边界积分方程的边界元分析比常规边界元法得到更加准确的近边界位势梯度;算例显示了自然边界元法的有效性。     

位势问题边界元法中几乎奇异积分的完全解析算法

导出了一种完全解析积分算法，用这种算法计算了平面位势问题边界元法中近边界点的几乎奇异积分。当内点离某单元较远时，保持常规高斯积分模式；而当内点离某单元较近时，因常规高斯积分结果失效，用本文的完全解析积分取代常规高斯积分．该算法适用于线性插值计算，对二次元，可将近边界点附近的二次元分解为两个线性元，该算法同样有效。算例证明了本法的有效性和精确性。二次元计算结果比线性元计算结果更精确。     

三维声场问题边界元法中几乎奇异积分的正则化

针对三维声场边界元分析的几乎奇异积分问题,将基本解中三角函数进行Taylor级数展开,分离奇异部分和非奇异部分.采用一种半解析正则化算法,计算了近边界点几乎奇异面积分,非奇异部分仍然采用Gauss数值积分,从而克服奇异积分障碍.该算法适用于三角形线性等参元,对高次单元将其细分为几个三节点三角形单元即可应用该算法.对三维声场内问题和外问题算例,计算了近边界点的声压,数值结果证明了该算法的有效性和准确性.     

边界元法计算声辐射时几乎奇异积分的处理方法

针对边界元法中几乎奇异积分计算难题,本文提出一种基于6节点三角形等参数单元的三维高阶单元半解析算法.通过对三维声场基本解中的三角函数进行T a y l o r级数展开,分离出基本解中的奇异积分项.根据单元的几何特性,构造出与奇异积分核函数具有相同奇异性的近似奇异核函数,对奇异积分项应用扣除法,将奇异积分核函数分为规则核函数和近似奇异核函数两项.规则核函数积分无奇异性,应用常规G a u s s数值积分就能够准确计算;近似奇异核函数积分由导出的半解析公式计算,即在局部极坐标系ρθ下分离积分变量,导出对变量ρ积分的解析计算列式,应用常规G a u s s数值积分计算变量θ积分,从而建立一种三维声场边界元法几乎奇异积分的半解析算法.算例结果表明,本文高阶单元半解析算法比双线性元算法更加有效且算法稳定,能够有效、准确地计算距离单元非常近的近边界点处的声压.     

三维Helmholtz方程的边界点方法

将移动最小二乘近似和边界积分方程相结合,提出了求解三维Helmholtz方程内外边值问题的无网格边界点方法.该方法用单层位势理论将Helmholtz方程转化为间接边界积分方程,并用边界点法离散间接边界积分方程.由于边界积分方程中含有基本解的积分计算时会出现弱奇异,详细推导了弱奇异积分的计算方式.数值算例表明了间接边界点法求解三维Helmholtz方程的有效性.     

近坝基面渗流场的边界元法分析

针对几乎奇异积分阻碍了边界元法准确计算近坝基面基内点的渗流参量的问题,首先给出了多种正交各向异性介质渗流问题边界元法基本方程,然后引入一种正则化算法,化解了边界元法计算近坝基面基内点的渗流参量时遇到的几乎奇异积分障碍,获得了近坝基面基内点的渗透压力和水力梯度值.算例表明该方法较常规方法能计算距坝基面更近的内点的渗流参量.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.