高分子稳定的水溶性铂氧化物纳米颗粒的制备

利用铂氯化物的水解反应,制备出聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)稳定的水溶性二氧化铂纳米颗粒.此法所得的产物颗粒小,粒径分布窄,稳定,室温下放置几个月无沉淀.用紫外-可见光谱检测纳米颗粒的形成过程,用X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对样品的成分、形貌、尺寸进行了表征,并考察了PVP的浓度以及体系的酸碱度对形成二氧化铂颗粒粒径的影响.     

超细银粉的制备及在太阳电池的应用

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂,硝酸银为银源,抗坏血酸为还原剂,制备具有良好分散性的超细球状银粉,研究了pH值,分散剂用量,硝酸银浓度对银粉分散性的影响,运用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对银粉的结构和形貌进行了分析.实验得出的优化条件为:初始反应溶液的pH值为1,分散剂与反应物的质量比为2%,抗坏血酸与硝酸银的摩尔比为0.6,硝酸银的浓度为0.025~0.2 mol·L-1;在该条件下可以制备出分散性优良,平均粒径为1.23μm,振实密度为5.8 g/mL的超细球状银粉.将所得银粉制备成银浆,可使太阳电池获得致密银电极,其光电转换效率可达17.5%.     

水热法制备BaF2纳米颗粒

采用水热合成法,以BaCl2和KF为反应物,在聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)作表面活性剂的水-醇体系中制备了结晶良好的BaF2纳米颗粒.考察了PVP用量对纳米颗粒生成的影响.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和红外光谱(IR)等测试手段对样品进行了表征.结果表明,以PVP为表面活性剂可以完善BaF2的结晶质量,以形成立方结构的BaF2纳米颗粒.     

PVP对液相还原法制备微米级银粉颗粒性能的影响

采用液相还原法,硝酸银为银源,抗坏血酸为还原剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂及保护剂制备超细银粉.考察PVP添加量以及添加方式对超细银粉形貌、粒径及分散性能的影响,通过SEM,XRD以及激光粒度仪等检测手段对超细银粉产品进行表征.结果表明:随着反应体系中PVP用量的增加,银粉形貌从树枝状向球形转变,分散性能变佳.当PVP加入量为硝酸银的10％(质量分数)时,可制备出球形度高,分散性能较好,平均粒径为1.15 μm的超细银粉.通过调节PVP的添加方式能够实现超细银粉平均粒径在1.1～2.1 μm之间的可控制备.     

Ag-Eu(TTA)3AA/PVP纳米纤维的制备及其荧光性能

通过静电纺丝原位反应法、同轴静电纺丝法两种方法制备了Ag-Eu(TTA)₃AA/PVP纳米纤维,用SEM、TEM和荧光光谱研究了纳米银和所得纤维的形貌以及复合纤维的荧光性能。结果表明,所得纤维的直径小于1000nm,纳米银颗粒的直径从几十至200nm;Ag-Eu(TTA)₃AA/PVP在纤维中分散均匀;两种方法制备的Ag-Eu(TTA)₃AA/PVP纳米纤维中都存在着纳米银的荧光增强作用。     

片状γ-Bi_2MoO_6的离子液体辅助水热合成及其增强的光催化活性

在离子液体[BMIM]Br的辅助下,通过简单的水热法成功合成片状的γ-Bi2MoO6纳米材料.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)与紫外-可见漫反射光谱(DRS)等分析测试手段对所得产物进行表征.探讨了离子液体的作用机制.考察了片状γ-Bi2MoO6对结晶紫(CV)染料的光催化降解性质.结果显示:离子液体辅助合成的片状γ-Bi2MoO6材料具有优异的光降解性能.     

纳米MnO_2在碳棒上的固载

用电解法制备了纳米MnO2颗粒.以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)与纳米MnO2颗粒作为前驱体,以无水乙醇为溶剂,在超声波震荡下制得纳米MnO2均匀分散的黄绿色PVP溶胶.以电纺丝技术制得PVP/MnO2纤维和PVP/MnO2纤维充分缠绕的碳电极.氮气保护下,于550℃马弗炉中处理,得到固载良好的纳米MnO2电极.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外吸收光谱(FT-IR)等测试手段对超细纤维进行了表征.     

γ射线辐照辅助制备多孔淀粉

以玉米淀粉为原料,以不同剂量γ射线辐照,然后用α-淀粉酶和糖化酶在酸性环境中、糊化温度以下酶解制备多孔淀粉.探讨了反应时间、辐照剂量等因素对淀粉水解率和吸油率的影响,同时也用电镜观察了产物的形态.结果表明,电镜下多孔淀粉形态与其水解率和吸油率相吻合,γ射线辐照能有效提高淀粉的酶解效率,可以大幅度提高多孔淀粉的吸油率.     

辐照灭菌用于纳豆激酶制剂的实验研究

对60钴γ-射线辐照前后的纳豆激酶(NK)制剂有效成分、酶活及活菌数等技术指标进行了实验研究,结果表明,不同剂量的60钴γ-射线辐照对纳豆激酶制剂中的总皂甙含量和纳豆激酶酶活影响不大,30 kGy时总皂甙含量仍可达到原始含量的105%～125%,NK酶活达到原始酶活的90%以上;纳豆芽孢杆菌、大肠菌群和金黄色葡萄球菌等活菌数对60钴γ-射线辐照十分敏感,5 kGy的60钴γ-射线辐照处理后纳豆芽孢杆菌、大肠菌群和金黄色葡萄球菌数量下降99%以上.     

化学沉积法制备用于印制电子的超细银粉

采用液相化学沉积法,以硝酸银为原料,水合肼为还原剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂,在室温下将硝酸银溶液滴加到还原性溶液中得到银颗粒的悬浮液,并经微孔滤膜过滤后制得用于印制电子业的超细银粉.用TEM、XRD与粒径分析等手段对产物的粒径与性状进行了表征,并进一步研究了PVP与硝酸银浓度对银粉粒度及产率的影响.这种制备工艺避免了传统机械研磨工艺中银粉纯度低、技术指标不一致的缺点,具有较好的应用前景.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.