软基公路刚性桩和竖向土工材料加固效果分析研究

尽管在高等级公路新建和扩建工程中会采取相应的地基处理措施来进行沉降控制,但在很多情况下仍不能取得良好的效果.本文提出一种新的软土地基处理方式,即综合应用刚性桩和竖向土工材料进行公路地基处理.为把握路堤荷载作用下综合应用刚性桩和竖向土工材料进行地基处理的工作性状,应用FLAC3D建立三维分析模型.通过对新建路堤和拓宽路堤两种情况进行模拟计算,从路堤的沉降、地基土侧向位移以及稳定性等方面进行分析研究.计算结果表明:刚性桩和竖向土工材料的综合应用能够有效控制地基土体侧向位移,从而能够减小路基的总体沉降,并能很好的控制公路扩建工程中路堤顶面的差异沉降,加固效果明显.     

高速铁路CFG桩-筏复合地基沉降试验研究

为了解路堤荷载作用下CFG桩-筏复合地基沉降变形特性,在京沪高速铁路凤阳试验段进行了沉降变形现场试验.设置沉降板、观测桩和测斜管,分别监测地基面桩土沉降、路基顶面沉降和地基侧向水平位移,分析了沉降变形随路堤填筑高度和时间的变化规律,探讨了双曲线沉降预测方法.研究结果表明:CFG桩-筏复合地基沉降随路堤填筑高度和时间的增加而增大;路基经过6个多月的静置后,沉降已趋于稳定;复合地基总沉降量小于15 mm,桩土沉降差小于2 mm;路堤坡脚线外1 m处的地基侧向最大水平位移小于4 mm;采用双曲线法进行路基沉降预测是可行的,且预测精度较高.采用CFG桩-筏复合处理后的地基总沉降、沉降差和水平位移均较小,路基沉降稳定较快,能够提高路基的稳定性并缩短工期.     

水泥土搅拌桩复合地基桩土应力比的解析算法

为了分析路堤荷载作用下水泥土桩复合地基桩土应力比问题,提出改进的单元体位移模型。通过假设路堤填土的竖向位移模式和土工格栅的变形方程,分别推导路堤填土的竖向应力以及土工格栅作用于桩顶的拉应力;根据桩顶处竖向受力平衡,求得桩顶应力;通过假定地基土满足Winkler地基模型,求得桩间土应力,从而得到桩、土应力比的计算公式。通过与实测工程结果比较,证实了该公式的合理性,这对路堤下复合地基设计具有一定的参考价值。     

混凝土芯水泥土搅拌桩群桩复合地基承载特性分析

为了探讨混凝土芯水泥土搅拌桩群桩基础在软土地基中的受力特征,以及褥垫层的移动趋势,进行混凝土芯水泥土搅拌桩群桩复合地基加固软土地基的室内模型试验。通过监测分级荷载作用下复合地基的沉降和桩顶、桩底以及桩间土不同位置的应力分布的变化来探讨复合地基承载特性。对桩顶平面处A桩周围土层表面埋设标志物,分析了褥垫层材料的移动态势和桩间土体的沉降量的规律。试验结果表明:复合地基在上部荷载作用下,加载初期是由桩来承担大部分上部荷载;由于褥垫层的调节作用,桩顶面处的桩土应力比逐渐增大,达到峰值后比值有所减小直到趋于稳定。混凝土芯水泥土搅拌桩群桩复合地基在上部荷载作用下的沉降曲线(P-S曲线)为缓变型;褥垫层向群桩所围成几何图形的中心移动,桩周土的水平位移和竖向沉降都以桩为中心呈现由近及远不断减少的趋势。研究结果为工程实践提供了有益的参考。     

大型油罐软弱地基CFG桩加固机制

为研究CFG桩对大型油罐软弱地基的加固机制,利用FLAC3D模拟分析CFG桩复合地基倾斜、沉降和加固特性,并采用单一变量法分析不同参数对CFG桩复合地基沉降的影响。结果表明:CFG桩复合地基能够有效地限制罐体的平面倾斜、非平面倾斜、平面沉降和非平面沉降,并有效地限制上部荷载的作用范围和地基隆起的产生;水平位移的最大值出现在地基底面处;CFG桩复合地基中,桩长和桩间距是控制竖向沉降和加固效果的主要因素。     

路堤下桩网复合地基桩土应力比计算

针对"路堤-加筋垫层-复合桩基"共同作用模型所存在的不足,从土拱、筋材变形以及桩土荷载传递三个方面对其进行改进.首先,考虑地基分层、埋深与上覆荷载对桩土荷载传递的影响,推导桩、土竖向变形函数.然后,引入沉降主控的筋材拉膜效应经验模型,考虑路堤与地基侧向变形对筋材拉力的影响.最后,在土柱模型的基础上,考虑相对位移量对界面摩阻力发挥的影响,推导路堤底部荷载分配与差异沉降的关系.在上述工作的基础上,以桩土沉降与荷载分配为等量关系,建立了改进后的路堤、筋材、桩体、桩间土共同作用模型,并得到了路堤下桩网复合地基的桩土应力比计算方法.通过工程实例对本文方法进行验证,证明了本文方法的合理性.     

堆载加芯搅拌桩复合地基荷载传递与变形特性

加芯水泥土搅拌桩常被用于软土路基加固,为研究堆载作用下加芯水泥土搅拌桩复合地基的荷载传递规律、变形特性以及芯长比对其影响,结合实际工程案例进行现场基底沉降、地基深层水平位移、分层沉降、内芯桩竖向应力监测,构建不同芯长比三维有限元复合地基数值模型进行验证、对比分析,研究结果表明：①在堆载作用下,软土路基加固区存在中性点,在中性点上下,钢筋砼内芯桩与水泥土外壳桩荷载传递方式有所不同,钢筋砼内芯桩主要承担上部竖向应力,而水泥土外壳桩由传递剪切应力转换为承担上部竖向应力;②增加芯长比可以增加桩体的有效桩长,增长水泥土外壳桩承担传递剪应力功能的长度,减少作用在桩土界面的负摩阻力大小,有利于控制沉降;③增加芯长比能有效减少基底桩顶以及桩间土的沉降量,减少桩间土的竖向应力分担。     

刚性桩复合地基桩土应力比计算方法

为了准确简便地预测路堤在荷载下发生的沉降变形,必须对桩基复合地基的桩土应力比进行合理正确的评价计算.针对高速公路地基处理中采用刚性桩复合地基的情况,假设路堤土中基底相对位移下土柱间滑移面剪应力垂直分布,考虑桩顶上刺入路堤、桩端下刺入下卧层以及桩侧负、正摩阻力非线性分布,分析了路堤-桩-地基土整体在应力与位移协调下的相互作用.通过迭代计算求得路堤内等沉面高度与加固区中性点位置,得到戴帽刚性桩复合地基在路堤荷载下的简单桩土应力比计算公式.通过2个工程实例实测数据对提出的计算方法进行了合理性验证,分析结果表明该方法对于填土路堤高度大于2倍桩净间距的工况计算结果具有较高的精度.     

混凝土芯水泥土搅拌桩群桩复合地基的承载特性

为了探讨混凝土芯水泥土搅拌桩群桩基础在软土地基中的受力特征,以及褥垫层的移动趋势,进行混凝土芯水泥土搅拌桩群桩复合地基加固软土地基的室内模型试验。通过监测分级荷载作用下复合地基的沉降和桩顶、桩底以及桩间土不同位置的应力分布的变化来探讨复合地基承载特性。对桩顶平面处A桩周围土层表面埋设标志物,分析了褥垫层材料的移动态势和桩间土体的沉降量的规律。试验结果表明:复合地基在上部荷载作用下,加载初期是由桩来承担大部分上部荷载;由于褥垫层的调节作用,桩顶面处的桩土应力比逐渐增大,达到峰值后比值有所减小直到趋于稳定。混凝土芯水泥土搅拌桩群桩复合地基在上部荷载作用下的沉降曲线(P-S曲线)为缓变型;褥垫层向群桩所围成几何图形的中心移动,桩周土的水平位移和竖向沉降都以桩为中心呈现由近及远不断减少的趋势。研究结果为工程实践提供了有益的参考。     

高填方路堤段桩网复合地基承载机理及桩土应力比计算方法

针对高填方段软土路基在路堤荷载下桩网复合地基的受力特点,分析了其自上而下的荷载传递机理.首先,将路堤简化为内外土柱,通过内外土柱的整体微分平衡关系,得到了等沉面高度的理论计算式,由此较为合理地模拟了高填方段的土拱效应.而后,针对荷载传递至土工垫层阶段,采用薄膜模拟了桩土之间的荷载分配关系.在此基础上,将桩网复合地基划分为众多土工格栅、桩及桩间土单元体,桩体及桩间土简化为弹性支撑,进一步得到了高填方段桩网复合地基桩土应力比计算式.最后,对影响高填方段桩网复合地基桩土应力比的各主要影响参数进行了初步研究.结果表明,桩土应力比随路堤高度增大逐渐减小,即填土高度增加后桩土荷载分配趋于均匀,而桩间距、填土的压缩模量的增大将导致桩土应力比增加.此外,土工格栅抗拉强度的增大将加大桩土应力比值,但影响幅度较小.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.