硅灰耐高温低密度水泥浆的研究

用硅灰作高温稳定剂,漂珠为减轻剂,与G级油井水泥配制密度为1•5g/cm3的水泥浆。该水泥浆的特点是:①密度低,用水量小;②在低温下强度高、滤失量低、析水为零、稠化时间可调、流变性好,能满足施工工艺的要求;③水泥石能承受高温,在350℃、20MPa下养护3天,强度达12MPa。该低密度水泥浆可用于低压易漏地层稠油热采井的固井,并可大大减轻因高温引起的水泥石强度衰退,延长油井的寿命。     

耐高温低密度油井水泥的研究及应用

根据国内油田低压浅层稠油热采井固井需求，研制开发了一种新型耐高温低密度油井水泥。该水泥由基础熟料和天然非晶态硅质材料组成，在不同地层温度(18—75℃)范围内，其密度可在1．37—1．53g／cm^3之间调节，48h抗压强度大于10MPa，高温(300℃)水热条件下7d的抗压强度不衰退，其综合工程性能满足浅层稠油井固井技术要求。190口井的现场应用结果表明：该水泥具有施工工艺简单，造浆率高，抗高温性能优异等特性，可显著提高低压浅层稠油热采井的固井质量和原油产量。     

纳米SiO2对硅酸盐水泥性能影响实验研究

初步研究了粒径在纳米级的硅粉(纳米SiO2)的基本性质及纳米SiO2对浆体流动性、水泥凝结时闻、抗压与抗折强度的影响，并利用XRD、SEM等微观手段，分析了其对水泥性能影响的机理．结果表明，纳米SiO2具有良好的水泥适应性，能较好改善硅酸盐水泥的性能，其最佳掺量为胶凝材料总质量的5％～6％。     

稠油热采井固井技术的研究进展

综述了热采井固井水泥浆体系和预应力固井工具的国内外研究最新进展。重点介绍了普通波特兰高温水泥、高铝水泥和特种磷酸盐水泥等耐高温水泥,以及高强低密度水泥、泡沫水泥等高性能低密度水泥浆;并介绍地锚、热应力补偿器这两个主要预应力固井工具的应用现状。     

热养护对高性能混凝土强度的影响

研究了热养护制度对由普通硅酸盐水泥、硅灰、粉煤灰或(和)石英粉等磨细掺合料配制的高性能混凝土抗压强度、抗折强度的影响。试验表明,高温养护更有利于混凝土的抗压强度发展,热水养护更有利于混凝土的抗折强度发展。     

早强速凝水泥在套保油田的应用

API系列油井水泥（J级水泥已经取消）的应用温度一般是在38℃～110℃之间，通过使用水泥外掺料或外加剂来调节水泥浆的性能，使之适用于低温或高温环境。但吉林石油集团公司套保油田浅层稠油井18℃的井底静止温度，使得API系列水泥无法满足冬季固井施工的基本技术要求。由于国内尚无用于低温地层条件（〈30℃）的油井水泥及其外加剂体系，     

DL水泥减阻剂的研制与应用

DL减阻剂是一种新型水泥外加剂,具有降低水灰比,大幅度改善浆液流动性和增强等优点。既能满足地质钻钻探水泥护壁堵漏用硫铝酸盐地勘水泥的需要,又能用于油井固井注水泥满足泵送减阻的要求,并与CaCl_2复合对普通硅酸盐水泥全面改性有广泛的应用效果。     

硅铝质掺合料对含石灰石组分水泥基材料硫酸盐侵蚀的影响

通过腐蚀试验后试件的外观形貌和强度变化、腐蚀物相分析,研究较低环境温度下硅铝质掺合料对含石灰石组分水泥基材料硫酸盐侵蚀的影响。结果表明：随着硅铝质掺合料掺量的增加,含石灰石粉硅酸盐水泥试件外观完整性明显提高,强度损失率逐渐降低;当硅铝质组分掺量为15%、30%时,矿粉对含石灰石组分水泥基材料抗硫酸盐侵蚀的改善作用明显优于相同掺量的粉煤灰;硅铝质组分能够延缓较低环境温度下含石灰石粉硅酸盐水泥的硫酸盐侵蚀,抑制腐蚀物相碳硫硅钙石的生成。     

热采井化学防砂剂试验研究

针对孤岛油田稠油油藏属疏松砂岩油藏易出砂这一现状研制开发了一种新型的热采井防砂剂,即ＲＣ—Ｇ防砂剂．这种防砂剂是在特制的ＴＬ颗粒表面涂敷一层带有潜伏性固化剂的高温粘合剂,注汽前挤入地层,在油层温度下,固化剂将粘合剂交联成不溶不熔体型产物,在油井近井地带形成一个较高强度的挡砂屏障,防止油井生产时出砂．这种防砂剂适用温度６０ ～３５０℃,３５０℃条件下抗折强度大于４．０ＭＰａ,渗透率可达３４．６μｍ ２,防砂不影响井的供液能力．采用这种防砂剂在热采井上试验１８ 井次,成功率８７．５％ ,和以往应用的高温涂敷砂相比,成功率明显提高,有一定的推广应用价值．     

油井水泥低温早强剂室内研究

针对低温条件下,水泥浆因水化速度慢,候凝时间长,极易造成油、气、水浸,导致固井质量差和目前油田低温浅层固井可供选择的早强剂种类少的具体情况,根据油井水泥水化及低温早强原理,选择对油井水泥具有低温早强作用的水溶性无氯化工原材料,通过实验优选出无机物A、B,有机盐C和有机酸D,研制出一种新型无氯水溶性低温早强剂ZC-2S,该早强剂对常规密度和低密度水泥浆均有显著的早强作用,且与多种常用油井水泥添加剂体系配伍性好,可用于低温浅层油气井固井水泥浆体系,尤其是无干混装置的油田。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.