一种无线传感器网络密钥动态预分配策略

为了实现无线传感器网络中的安全通信，传感器结点间传递的信息就必须被加密和认证.所以密钥分配与管理就成为基本问题之一.分析了随机对密钥预分配策略的不足，将其与基于配置信息的密钥预分配策略相结合并进行改进，提出了一种新的密钥动态预分配策略.     

带执行器节点的无线传感器网络密钥预分配策略

针对带执行器节点的无线传感器网络的安全通信问题,提出了一种新的密钥预分配方案.充分利用执行器节点具有能量充足、存储器资源丰富、较强计算和通信能力等特点,构建一棵以Sink为根节点、执行器节点为分支节点、传感器节点为叶子节点的密钥管理树,实现集中式和分布式密钥管理的安全通信机制.该分配策略包括三个阶段:初始化阶段、共享密钥发现阶段和安全路径建立阶段.重点论述如何构建密钥管理树,以实现通信的安全认证.讨论了添加或删除网络节点时的密钥管理自适应能力.     

传感器网络中一种混合密钥管理方案

提出了一种混合密钥管理方案.该方案借助于Blom矩阵和密钥池,来完成密钥预分配,使得所有的簇头间、节点和它的簇头间,以及节点之间都能进行安全通信.该方案还能够支持网络的拓扑结构的变化,并且能动态的管理密钥信息从而解决了密钥泄漏等问题.进行了网络安全及性能分析,包括安全性能比较、储存空间比较、通信与计算开销比较.仿真结果显示,与已有的一些密钥方案相比,该方案提高了网络的安全性,减小了存储空间.     

一种可认证的会议密钥分配协议

多方通信主体试图在开放式网络上安全通信时,需运行一个会议密钥分配协议来分配一个共享的会议密钥。本文针对已有的会议密钥分配协议GDH.2存在的安全漏洞,提出了一种安全性能更高的可认证密钥分配协议。     

保密通信与量子密码术

总结了密码学的发展和目前的密码体制,分析了经典密码学目前存在的问题,阐述了量子密钥分配的安全性保证,详细介绍了量子保密通信的整体系统构成以及量子密钥分配的全过程。分析了该领域目前存在的实际问题和瓶颈技术,并提出了影响系统成码率的定量关系,对量子保密通信系统的主要研究方向进行了总结和展望。     

高效的分布式组密钥协商机制

为了解决现有的组密钥协商机制需要各组用户在本地维护完整的密钥树信息,从而严重制约安全组播系统可扩展性的问题,提出一种高效的分布式组密钥协商机制(EDKAS).在该机制中,每个组用户仅需维护一个五元组结构的密钥树分支,降低了用户的存储开销和通信开销.同时,该机制采用分布式树平衡算法,使得尽管每个组用户仅维护部分密钥树信息,仍可以很好地保持密钥树的平衡.实验结果表明: EDKAS可以有效地降低维护密钥树的存储开销和通信开销,可适用于较大规模的分布式安全组播系统.     

一种改进的环形分簇无线传感器网络密钥管理方案

针对分簇无线传感器网络(wireless sensor network, WSN)能量不均衡、连通率低和效率低等问题,提出一种方形环状密钥管理方案,详细描述了密钥管理全过程,包括：初始化、簇节点身份信息(identity document, ID)、簇间密钥管理、簇内密钥管理、节点通信、密钥更新和节点加入与退出等。其中,簇间密钥管理使用改进椭圆曲线迪菲-赫尔曼密钥交换(elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman key exchange, ECDH)的密钥协商方案,簇内密钥管理使用基于中国剩余定理的密钥分配方案。形式化安全分析证明方案的正确性和安全性,对多种已知攻击的非形式化分析证明方案可抵抗各种安全攻击;能耗分析表明方案具有较低的存储、计算和通信开销。因此,该方案在兼顾安全性的同时能有效降低能耗,适用于资源受限的WSN。     

一种基于身份可认证两方密钥协商方案

为了降低计算开销,提高安全性,通过 Diffie-Hellman 协议建立密钥共享,结合用户身份信息,以 VBNNIBS 签名思想作为基础,提出了一种可认证的两方密钥协商方案。密钥生成中心 KGC 结合用户身份信息仅为用户生成部分私钥和公钥,其完整的私钥和公钥由用户结合自己的长期私钥生成,安全性基于椭圆曲线离散对数问题。方案中无双线性对运算,只需椭圆曲线上4次点乘运算、1次模运算、3次哈希运算,通信双方只需2次通信就可实现双方认证和密钥协商,提高了密钥产生的效率。分析表明,该方案具有完美前向保密性、抗密钥泄露伪装攻击、已知会话密钥通信安全、非密钥控制、抗重放攻击等安全属性。性能及安全性比较表明,该方案在安全性和性能方面具有较大的优势,适用于资源受限的无线网络通信环境中。     

一种容错会议密钥分配方案设计与分析

基于Byzantine模型，提出了一种会议密钥分配方案．该方案通过将秘密信息分布于多个服务器中实现了安全和容错的密钥分配．在该方案中，即使实施密钥分发的服务器组中有部分被入侵或系统部件存在故障，系统的所有授权用户仍可以获得正确的会议密钥．对方案的分析表明，基于离散对数计算和大整数分解的困难性，任何攻击者都无法获得会议密钥的相关信息，同时入侵者亦不能阻止系统的授权用户得到正确的会议密钥。     

密钥管理在数据库加密系统中的应用研究

密钥管理是数据库加密系统设计和实现要解决的一个十分关键的问题，也是一个很难解决的问题，密钥管理的好坏直接关系到整个加密系统的性能和密文数据的安全．作者从密钥的产生、分配、存储、转换和更换几个方面讨论了密钥管理，提出了具体的密钥管理方案，并讨论了该方案的安全性．讨论结果表明，该方案是一个能满足数据库加密系统安全要求的行之有效的密钥管理方案．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.