吉林省西部地区蜻蜓目昆虫多样性研究

2011—2013年的5月~9月,采用大面积随机调查法对吉林省西部地区蜻蜓目昆虫资源进行了系统调查,共获得9科28属47种蜻蜓目昆虫.其中,春蜓科、蜻科、蟌科和丝蟌科为吉林省西部地区蜻蜓目昆虫的优势类群;蜻科中赤蜻属的物种数量和个体数量最多;春蜓科中,棘伟春蜓属的物种数量和个体数量最多;蟌科中,异痣蟌属的物种数量和个体数量最多;丝蟌科中,各属的物种数量和个体数量相当.蜻蜓目昆虫多样性指数在春季随着气温升高、营养级丰富而呈现出明显的上升趋势,在7月达到最高值,以后出现下降趋势;均匀性指数总体趋势变化不大;优势集中性指数5月最高,以后出现小幅波动.     

张掖国家湿地公园蜻蜓目多样性初步调查

为了解张掖湿地蜻蜓目种类的分布状况,通过网捕法和目测法相结合对蜻蜓目昆虫进行野外调查,共采集蜻蜓标本834件,经鉴定分属于2亚目5科13属19种.其中差翅亚目(Anisoptera)3科9属14种,均翅亚目(Zygoptera)2科4属5种.采集的所有物种中,以蜻科种类最为丰富,其中褐带赤蜻(Sympetrumpedemontanum)个体数量最多,有127头,占采集总个体数的15.23%.根据种属间的数量等级结构比例关系、不同季节种群多样性指数和种群消长动态,对所调查的数据加以计算和分析.张掖湿地蜻蜓目昆虫种群的结构相对比较稳定,但在不同的生境中,数量分布有所不同;随着季节的变化,蜻蜓种群的多样性也随之改变,这种变化除与蜻蜓种群的生活史有关外,还与当地的气候变化特点相吻合.     

小五台山典型生境的蜘蛛群落结构

2006年7月对小五台山国家级自然保护区的滩涂、草丛、灌木丛等典型生境的蜘蛛群落结构进行调查,采用样方采集与随机扫网相结合的方法,共采得蜘蛛标本263头,隶属于16科43属55种(属).运用群落多样性指数进行分析,结果表明:滩涂中蜘蛛优势类群较明显,个体密度、物种丰富度和多样性较低:灌木丛和草丛中的蜘蛛优势类群不明显,个体密度、物种丰富度和多样性相对较高.小五台山地区蜘蛛群落结构的现状是种类丰富,优势种不明显,个体数量较少.     

内蒙古阿尔山地区蝴蝶群落多样性

为阐明内蒙古阿尔山地区不同生境下蝴蝶群落多样性,在阿尔山地区设置5条样线:口岸(A1)、玫瑰峰(A2)、白狼镇(A3)、五岔沟镇(A4)、绿水农场(A5)对蝶类多样性进行调查。通过计算阿尔山地区蝴蝶物种多样性指数,分析蝶类种群动态,得到以下结论:该地区蝴蝶共59种,隶属于6科40属。其中,蛱蝶科Nymphalidae共22科30种,其属数及物种数最多,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(2. 65)、Margalef物种丰富度指数(4. 09)以及个体数量均最高(1193只),是阿尔山地区的优势科。凤蝶科Papilionidae的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(0. 41)和Margalef物种丰富度最低(0. 22)。该地区群落稳定且复杂,物种多样性高,生态质量也相对较好。蝶类多样性面临的威胁因素主要有喷洒农药、放牧以及旅游开发。     

四川南充市郊不同生境地表甲虫物种多样性

2005年3月～4月间，分别在南充市郊选择人工次生林、河漫滩杂草丛、麦田和油菜田4种生境，共设置样地20块，以巴氏罐诱法进行不同生境下地表甲虫群落组成和多样性变化的研究．共采集甲虫标本1085号，分属18个科．其中隐翅虫和步甲的个体数量较多，分别占个体总数的45．25％和25．99％，为该地区地表甲虫的优势类群．甲虫群落的物种多样性分析表明．所有甲虫和隐翅虫个体数量在人工次生林中较高；步甲在麦田中较高．物种多样性指数，均匀度指数和物种丰富度指数分布都比较均匀，在河漫滩杂草丛中物种多样性指数和均匀度指数相对较高，物种丰富度指数以人工次生林较高．相似性指数大部分为极不相似水平．以上结果表明，生境类型和植被多样性影响南充市郊地表甲虫群落的物种多样性和相似度，人为干扰及生境环境的破坏对地表甲虫物种多样性的自然分布规律也有一定的影响．     

曲靖市蝗虫物种多样性调查

为了解云南曲靖市蝗总科Acridoidea昆虫资源情况,采用五点随机取样法和传统分类学对本地蝗虫物种多样性及其分布进行调查.共采集标本400头,经鉴定隶属7科16属19种,其中斑翅蝗科Oedipodidae属种数量最多(7属7种),其次是锥头蝗科Pyrgomorphidae(1属3种)和网翅蝗科Arcypteridae(2属3种),蝗科Acrididae和瘤锥蝗科Chrotogonidae均为1属1种.多样性分析结果表明马龙区农场蝗虫丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、均匀度和优势度指数最高.从物种分布看,短额负蝗Atractomorpha sinensis和疣蝗Trilophidia annulata分布最广.从分布地点看,马龙区农场物种最丰富(17种).研究结果表明曲靖市蝗种多样性及分布特点与生境植被类型密切相关.结果为本地蝗虫的资源利用、预测预报及综合防治提供依据.     

长白山自然保护区夜蛾科多样性研究初报

2003年6月至2005年9月,对长白山国家级自然保护区的北坡、西坡和南坡的夜蛾科昆虫做了较全面的调查,共获得标本1 512只,有100属182种,其中绿组夜蛾Anaplectoides prasina(Denis et Schiffermüller)是保护区内夜蛾科的优势种,且各林带均有分布,而各林带均有分布的种只有8种.在不同生境中,夜蛾科多样性随海拔的升高夜蛾的多样性有较明显的变化,其中红松阔叶林带夜蛾科昆虫的物种丰富度、个体数量和多样性指数最高,针叶林带物种丰富度和个体数量最低,苔原带多样性指数最低.不同林带间的夜蛾相似性系数很低.     

中国扇蟌属一新纪录种

【目的】以形态分类学的方法探讨中国贵州荔波发现的蜻蜓目(Odonata)扇蟌科(Platycnemididae)扇蟌属(Platycnemis Burmeister,1839)一标本的分类地位。【方法】将新发现的标本与中国已知的扇蟌属种类进行比较形态学分析,确定标本种类并进行必要的分类学纪录。【结果】鉴定出蜻蜓目扇蟌科扇蟌属一中国新纪录种,即白足扇蟌(Platycnemis phasmovolans Hmlinen,2003)。对该物种进行了详细的分类学描述,同时讨论了中国扇蟌属的分类学现状,编制了扇蟌属中国已知种的分类检索表。【结论】白足扇蟌的新分布纪录的发现拓展了人们对该稀有物种的了解,对该物种的保护具有重要价值。从进化的角度论证了本属雄性中后足胫节的特化起源于雄性间的争斗行为。     

紫胶林-农田复合生态系统地表甲虫多样性——以云南绿春为例

为揭示紫胶林-农田复合生态系统地表甲虫多样性,于2006-2007年在云南省绿春县牛孔乡采用陷阱法调查了天然紫胶林、人工紫胶林和旱地的地表甲虫群落。共采集标本1678头,分别隶属于24科120种,其中步甲科(Carabidae)和金龟科(Scarabaeidae)种类最丰富,均占全部种类的12.50%。拟步甲科(Tenebrionidae)个体数量最丰富,占个体总数的64.48%;金龟科次之,占个体总数的17.58%。大多数科的物种数和个体数在不同土地利用生境中的分布没有显著差异,而步甲科、隐翅甲科(Staphylinidae)、叩甲科(Elateridae)、拟步甲科、瓢虫科(Coccinellidae)和小蠧科(Scolytidae)在不同土地利用生境中的分布有显著差异。天然紫胶林地表甲虫个体数量最少,物种较丰富,优势度最低,多样性最高;人工紫胶林个体数和物种数均丰富,优势度和多样性居中;旱地个体数量最多,物种最贫乏,优势度最高,多样性最低。种级水平的聚类分析体现出人工紫胶林与旱地之间在种类组成上距离较近;而科级水平的聚类反映出人工紫胶林和天然紫胶林更接近。结果提示,紫胶林-农田复合生态系统具有区域内土地...     

大巴山自然保护区蚁科昆虫多样性研究

为了调查重庆大巴山国家级自然保护区蚂蚁物种多样性,作者通过样地调查法对大巴山自然保护区2个主要流域、6个垂直带、9个水平带、33块样地蚂蚁群落进行调查,分析不同样地间蚂蚁群落物种组成、个体数目、群落多样性、优势度与群落相似性等特征.结果表明,在大巴山自然保护区共发现蚁科昆虫5亚科32属59种,其中24种为重庆新记录种.多样性分析表明,各样地蚂蚁群落个体丰富度为38～6 815头;物种丰富度为3～19种,Shannon–Wiener多样性指数为0.184 1～2.127 5,Simpson优势度指数为0.144 0～0.928 0,Pielou均匀度指数0.167 6～0.850 3.前河下段海拔1 000 m低山偏暖性山地阔叶林物种最丰富(19种),前河中段海拔1 000 m低山偏暖性山地阔叶林多样性指数最高(2.127 5),优势度指数最低(0.144 0),前河上段海拔2 000 m亚高山偏寒性针叶林均匀度最高(0.850 3).物种丰富度以前河较高,任河较低.群落相似性系数显示不同海拔与植被的蚂蚁群落物种组成差异显著.整体看来,大巴山蚂蚁群落的个体数目呈现随海拔上升而递减的规律,物种数目、多样性指数、优势度指数与群落相似性随海拔上升普遍呈先增加后降低的单峰模式,与低海拔地带受人为干扰导致的植被次生化和碎片化有关.海拔、植被和人为干扰均对蚂蚁物种多样性有重要影响.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with