相变蓄热材料导热系数对太阳能通风墙性能的影响

通过对相变蓄热型太阳能烟囱模型通风蓄放热变化过程的计算,分析比较不同相变蓄热墙导热系数对太阳能烟囱性能的影响.计算结果表明:吸热板最大表面温度随着相变蓄热墙导热系数的增大越接近相变蓄热墙的相变温度;蓄热阶段,入口平均风速随着相变蓄热墙导热系数的增大而减小;放热阶段,入口平均风速随着相变蓄热墙导热系数的增大反而越大;相变蓄热墙导热系数越大,蓄热型太阳能烟囱系统16 h的累计通风量越高,但在导热系数增大到0.66 W·(m·K)^-1后,再增大材料导热系数,累计通风量几乎不再增加.     

相变蓄热型Trombe墙冬季供热性能的测试分析

提出相变蓄热型Trombe墙应用于寒冷地区气候条件下的冬季辅助供热系统,对其供热性能开展了实验测试研究。建立设置相变蓄热型Trombe墙的实验系统,对其冬季室内空气温度、室外气象参数、集热板表面温度、空气通道温度及风速进行了测试。详细分析了通风量和供热量。实验测试结果表明:相变蓄热型Trombe墙具有良好的蓄热和辅助供热特性;通过相变材料的蓄热和放热,可以有效延长空气通道的通风时间,进而实现延续供热。测试条件下,内部上风口和内部下风口可在2 h关闭,在日出后1～2 h开启时,效果较好;在全天候可累计提供日所需供热量的28. 9%,具有较好的供热效果。     

基于Fluent模拟的地理管周围不同蓄热体温度场变化分析

为研究地埋管周围不同蓄热材料土壤温度场的分布情况,选定黏土、砂层及砾石3种不同蓄热体,利用Gambit建模软件建立简单的地埋管模型,选择距地埋管中心间距不同的5个测点,利用Fluent数值模拟软件进行蓄热体温度场仿真计算,研究相同蓄热材料距地埋管中心距离不同时以及不同蓄热材料距地埋管中心间距相同时各测点温度的变化情况。结果表明,地埋管周围蓄热材料相同时,土壤各测点温度变化趋势因测点的距离不同而不同,且距离中心越近温度变化越明显;地埋管周围蓄热材料不同时,相同测点温度变化趋势基本一致,且每年取热完成以后的土壤温度升高,但由于导热系数的不同引起每年蓄热及取热过程中温度、蓄热量和取热量的差异。研究结果可为太阳能耦合地源热泵系统地埋管的工程设计提供理论参考。     

基于Fluent模拟的地埋管周围不同蓄热体温度场变化分析

为研究地埋管周围不同蓄热材料土壤温度场的分布情况,选定黏土、砂层及砾石3种不同蓄热体,利用Gambit建模软件建立简单的地埋管模型,选择距地埋管中心间距不同的5个测点,利用Fluent数值模拟软件进行蓄热体温度场仿真计算,研究相同蓄热材料距地埋管中心距离不同时以及不同蓄热材料距地埋管中心间距相同时各测点温度的变化情况。结果表明,地埋管周围蓄热材料相同时,土壤各测点温度变化趋势因测点的距离不同而不同,且距离中心越近温度变化越明显;地埋管周围蓄热材料不同时,相同测点温度变化趋势基本一致,且每年取热完成以后的土壤温度升高,但由于导热系数的不同引起每年蓄热及取热过程中温度、蓄热量和取热量的差异。研究结果可为太阳能耦合地源热泵系统地埋管的工程设计提供理论参考。     

高温熔融盐单罐蓄热模型与热性能研究

分析了高温熔融盐作为传热流体的单罐斜温层填充床式蓄热器的性能.建立了斜温层单罐蓄热系统的理论模型,并通过数值模拟计算揭示了其蓄热规律.根据系统蓄热量、蓄热能力、熵产和蓄热有效性等确定了评价蓄热器性能的方法,并分析了不同填充材料的物性对斜温层单罐蓄热系统性能的影响.结果显示,在一定的蓄热条件下,较大的导热系数不利于提高蓄...     

有机相变蓄热材料对蔬菜大棚冬季温度的影响

选用有机相变材料对阳光蔬菜大棚进行了蓄热调温试验研究,蓄热材料相变温度19℃,相变潜热140 KJ/kg.建设相同条件的实验大棚和对照大棚,采用多点温度测试分别测量实验棚温度、对照棚温度和环境温度,以冬季月份测试数据进行实验分析.实验结果显示,冬季实验棚日平均温度高于对照棚1.7～2.6℃,高于环境日平均温度3.2～5.2℃;由此可以看出,实验棚采用有机相变材料蓄热调温效果明显,更有利于冬季蔬菜的生长.     

太阳能强化自然通风风量的计算模型

为获得便于工程设计应用的太阳能强化自然通风风量计算模型,选取特朗勃墙为研究对象,采用理论分析方法建立冬夏季太阳能强化自然通风风量与太阳辐射强度和室内热源强度的显式函数关系.该计算模型表明:当忽略通过集热蓄热墙的导热和室内热源散热时,自然通风量与太阳辐射强度的1/3次方成正比.将由该计算模型计算出的风量与由前人的隐式风量计算函数模型计算出的风量进行对比发现,该计算模型预测的风量要略大于前人计算模型预测的结果.集热蓄热墙的导热系数越小,并且太阳能烟囱内空气与集热蓄热墙之间的对流换热表面传热系数越大,该模型预测的自然通风量就越接近前人的计算模型预测的结果.     

相变蓄热在工业炉余热回收利用上的实验研究

工业炉燃烧烟气的排放余热所占燃烧热量比重较大,控制工业炉烟气余热温度过高一直都是提高工业炉能源利用率的重要技改目标。本文介绍的蓄热材料是一种新型高温相变蓄热复合材料,通过大量的实验研究发现：泡沫镍与Li2CO3和Na2CO3熔融盐形成的复合蓄热材料既兼备了固体显热蓄热材料和潜热蓄热材料两者的优点,又克服了两者的不足,从而具备能快速放热和快速蓄热和蓄热量大的特性,这种蓄热材料运用到工业炉的余热回收装置中,可显著提升工业炉的余热回收能力,提高工业炉能源利用效率。     

太阳能热发电复合相变蓄热材料的实验研究

针对相变材料无机盐KNO3/NaNO3(摩尔比50/50)导热系数低,影响了蓄热系统充放热过程传热效率,制备了适用于太阳能热发电系统的无机盐/膨胀石墨复合相变材料,对复合相变材料的微观结构和热物性进行了分析,并搭建充放热测试平台对相变材料分别进行了热性能研究。结果表明:复合相变材料中的无机盐均匀分布在膨胀石墨中,其相变潜热与基于复合材料中无机盐质量分数的计算值相当,添加膨胀石墨后相变材料的导热系数得到了改善;在充热过程中纯无机盐的换热方式以自然对流为主,同一蓄热单元内沿轴向上下位置温差较大,不同蓄热单元内相同位置完成充热过程所需时间从上到下依次增加,而对于无机盐/膨胀石墨复合相变材料(质量比90/10)充热过程以导热为主;与纯无机盐不同,同一蓄热单元内沿轴向上下位置温度变化趋势基本一致,不同蓄热单元相同位置完成充热过程所需时间几乎没有差别。添加膨胀石墨后,相变材料的充热过程所需时间减少较小,而放热过程所需时间减少约45%,传热介质流量的变化对复合相变材料充/放热过程影响较小。     

加热方式对固体蓄放热影响的数值分析及实验研究

为了提高固体蓄热装置的蓄放热性能,文章采用数值分析和实验相结合的方法,研究了在相同加热功率和相同接触面积下矩形加热板、圆形加热板、加热管3种不同加热元件对固体蓄放热的影响;通过分析蓄热体内的温度分布情况,探索最佳的加热元件形式。研究结果表明,3种方式中,平板加热元件在提高材料蓄放热性能和延长装置寿命方面优于加热管。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.