锁阳(Cynomorium songaricum Rupr.)与莜麦(Avena chinensis Metag.)种子萌发过程中内源激素动态的比较研究

为了探索全寄生植物锁阳种子萌发与吸器形成与内源激素之间的关系，我们对不同萌发期种子内源自由态激素GA3、ABA、IAA、iPAs和ZRs进行了定量测定，并与不同萌发期莜麦种子内源激素动态进行比较，结果表明：锁阳种子萌发过程中IAA、iPAs ZRs以及ZRs都有所增加，而ABA明显下降，莜麦种子萌发过程中GA3启动萌发的作用较锁阳明显，而ABA、IAA、iPAs ZRs均呈下降趋势。     

黄独珠芽浸提液对大白菜种子发芽的影响及休眠期内源激素含量的变化

以黄独珠芽为材料,研究珠芽浸提液对大白菜种子发芽的影响;用ELISA法测定休眠期珠芽GA3、ABA、ZR、DHZR和IAA含量,研究珠芽休眠期内源激素的变化规律.结果表明:珠芽休眠期和萌芽时珠芽基部、中部和顶部浸提液对大白菜种子发芽的影响与对照差异不显著;珠芽休眠期GA3含量下降、ABA与ZR含量上升、GA3/ABA比值下降、IAA和DHZR含量在发芽时与休眠初期相当.黄独珠芽在休眠期和萌芽时不存在种子萌发抑制物,珠芽发芽需要GA3/ABA比值下降,ZR含量升高.     

芍药种子露地播种和低温贮藏过程中内源激素含量的变化

以芍药种子为试材,通过露地播种和低温(5℃)贮藏,研究芍药种子休眠萌发过程中内源IAA、ABA、GA1 3、ZR含量的变化。结果表明:露地播种条件下,种子下胚轴开始伸长时ABA含量迅速下降,GA1 3含量在上胚轴生长前最高,上胚轴生长后下降。IAA和ZR含量在胚芽生长时均呈上升趋势。芍药种子在5℃低温贮藏条件下不能萌发,低温贮藏过程ABA含量并未降低,GA1 3含量先升后降。冷藏芍药种子中IAA和ZR含量明显低于露地播种的种子。     

NAA对薄壳山核桃扦插生根过程中内源激素含量变化的影响

采用当年生薄壳山核桃休眠枝为插穗,分别进行不同NAA浓度处理的硬枝扦插试验,研究薄壳山核桃硬枝插穗在扦插生根过程中内源激素的变化。结果表明:1500 mg/L NAA处理插穗的生根效果最佳,生根率可达79.6%;2通过外源激素处理,IAA、ZR、GA、ABA 4种内源激素在插穗不定根形成过程中含量发生相应改变,从而影响插穗的生长;3在不定根形成初期,即NAA处理后30 d左右,与对照组相比,各处理组插穗的IAA和ZR含量处于较高水平,GA和ABA含量处于较低水平;4薄壳山核桃插穗愈伤组织的形成、不定根的产生和伸长生长等都主要受IAA/ZR调控。     

东北红豆杉雌株枝、叶生长过程中内源激素变化的实验研究

利用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定了东北红豆杉雌株枝、叶生长过程中脱落酸(ABA)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、赤霉素(GA)及玉米核苷素(ZR)的含量变化,测定结果表明:4种内源激素中ABA,GA含量较高,IAA,ZR含量明显少于前两者;在生长期IAA,ZR含量增加;在休眠期ABA,GA含量明显高于生长期;叶中4种内源激素含量高于枝中内源激素的含量.     

佛手瓜果实的几种内源植物激素

佛手瓜成熟果实富含IAA,ABA,GA和CTK类植物激素,含量〔μg/kg(FW)〕分别为4.62,50.20,44.70,5.81。高含量的ABA可能是种子成熟后不能很快萌发的原因。较高含量的GA可能是佛手瓜这类种子可在果实内萌发和生长的果实的特点。种子开始萌发的果实,激素含量和种子未萌发的果实相比较,IAA,GA和CTK类激素显著增高,但ABA明显下降,这种变化可能是种子在果实内萌动和生长的必要条件。     

油用牡丹‘凤丹’种子层积过程中营养物质的代谢变化研究

【目的】探索低温层积不同阶段油用牡丹‘凤丹’种子种皮结构、胚形态以及营养物质、酶活性的动态变化,为其休眠解除以及促进萌发提供理论参考。【方法】以低温层积5个阶段的‘凤丹’种子为材料,用扫描电镜(SEM)和体视显微镜观察种皮结构、种胚形态的变化,测定各层积阶段种子大小、吸水率的变化,同时测定种子中粗脂肪、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、淀粉含量的变化以及过氧化物酶(POD)、酸性磷酸酶(APA)活性的变化,分析营养物质含量、酶活性与‘凤丹’种子休眠解除的关系。【结果】‘凤丹’种皮不存在吸水障碍,浸种96 h时,吸水率为54.2%,达到吸水平衡。层积30 d时,种子纵径由8.97 mm显著增加至10.44 mm,增加了16.4%;横径由6.42 mm显著增加至8.87 mm,增加了15.0%;之后种子大小增加缓慢。SEM观察结果表明:种皮主要由角质层、栅栏层和薄壁细胞层3层结构组成,成熟种子、种皮栅栏组织中长柱状细胞排列整齐紧密,但栅栏层、薄壁细胞层中很多细胞间有较小的空隙;层积30 d后,角质层内侧出现了明显的孔洞,栅栏层细胞排列较之前疏松,透性加大。成熟种子的胚较小,层积30 d后子叶略有膨大,下胚轴略有增粗;胚根突破种皮后子叶进一步增大,胚根、下胚轴明显伸长和增粗,但上胚轴仍需层积2个多月才能得以延伸。‘凤丹’种子含油率高,层积处理前种子中粗脂肪含量占种子鲜质量的32.3%,是胚乳中的主要贮藏物质。种子休眠解除过程中,其可溶性糖含量呈下降—上升—下降的变化趋势,而淀粉、可溶性蛋白和粗脂肪含量则一直呈下降趋势;层积过程中,POD和APA活性逐渐增强。【结论】‘凤丹’种皮不存在吸水障碍,透水性不是限制种子萌发的重要原因;成熟的种子胚极小,需在10 ℃条件下层积一段时间,使胚进一步分化发育完全,完成生理后熟作用;胚根突破种皮后仍存在上胚轴休眠现象,需在5 ℃下低温层积较长时间以解除其休眠;层积过程中随着酶活性的不断增强,贮藏物质逐渐被分解,为种子的各种代谢活动提供能量,且粗脂肪的分解与转化是此过程中的主要供能物质。‘凤丹’种子层积过程中其生理生化指标的变化与种胚形态变化呈现高度的一致性。     

桂花种子对赤霉素处理的生理生化响应

赤霉素处理并经低温层积后测定‘紫柄籽银桂’种子萌发过程中胚和胚乳内各种激素和营养物质含量的变化,结果表明:随着层积时间的延长,1 000 mg/L赤霉素处理下种子其胚和胚乳中的脱落酸(ABA)含量逐渐减少,至45 d时比对照减少51.6%,赤霉素(GA)、生长素(IAA)、细胞分裂素(ZR)的含量逐渐增加,至45 d时分别比对照增加76.66%、88.34%、80.9%;GA/ABA、IAA/ABA、ZR/ABA,以及(GA+IAA)/ABA比值也呈先增后减的趋势。进一步证实了ABA抑制种子的萌发,而GA促进萌发;同时,IAA、ZR在解除种子休眠过程中也起到一定的促进作用。层积期间,种子可溶性糖和淀粉含量逐渐降低,可溶性蛋白质则呈现先升后降再升又降的趋势。     

甘薯离体器官发生过程中内源激素含量的变化

研究了甘薯外植体在不定根和不定芽分化过程中内源ABA、GA3和iPAs含量变化的规律.甘薯外植体中内源激素含量的高低直接影响不定根和不定芽分化的难易.内源ABA和GA3含量高的茎段外植体易于产生不定芽的分化,内源iPAs含量高的茎段和叶柄外植体易于诱导不定根的分化.在甘薯外植体离体培养过程中,当不定根或不定芽形成时,内源ABA、GA3和iPAs含量最高,而当不定根或不定芽形成之后,内源ABA、GA3和iPAs含量下降,说明内源激素在甘薯外植体不定根和不定芽的启动中起重要作用.     

内源激素含量的变化与长春花成花关系的研究

采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定长春花从幼苗到开花阶段的3种内源激素脱落酸（ABA）、生长素（IAA）、赤霉素（GA3）含量的动态变化,研究其与长春花成花的关系。研究结果表明,在长春花成花芽发育过程中,高含量的ABA和GA3含量降低及IAA含量逐渐升高利于长春花成花。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.