一类复合型合作竞争模型的全局定性分析

低密度时，竞争种群间存在一类复合型合作竞争模型，对该模型的全局定性分析表明：低密度时的合作能促进种群的共生，提高种群的环境容纳量。     

一类具有时滞的非自治生态系统的持续生存

本讨论了一类两个缀块的具有连续时滞的非自治的生态系统模型．模型中有两个竞争种群，种群之一能在两缀块间来回迁移，而另一种群却被限制在其中一个缀块中．利用常微分方程定性理论的方法可证明该模型在一定的条件下是持续生存的．     

一类交替变化的竞争—合作混杂种群模型研究

经典的Lotka-Volterra种间模型研究只关注单纯的种间竞争关系或者单纯的种间合作关系。然而由于现实环境的复杂性及生物种群间关系的多样性,种群间的相互关系往往不是单一的而是多种关系的混合体。本文建立一类两种群Lotka-Volterra竞争—合作混杂系统,竞争关系及合作关系共同出现在2个种群之间,受环境影响在不同时间区间交替变化。通过构造适当的Lyapunov函数及分析等手段,得到关于系统正性、有界性及正平衡点的全局渐近稳定性等问题的充分性判定准则,并给出数值模拟验证所得结论。研究发现,竞争—合作混杂模型相较于单一的竞争模型或合作模型有更丰富的动力学行为,生物种群展现更多可实现的生存性,与现实环境更加接近。     

时滞离散种群模型的一致持续生存

以平均Ｌｉａｐｕｎｏｖ函数方法为基础，对一般的有限时滞离散种群模型建立了一致持续生存条件．并将结果应用于一个增长函数分别为指数和分式形式的带时滞的两种群竞争模型，以及带时滞的ｎ种群Ｌｏｔｋａ－Ｖｏｌｔｅｒｒａ模型     

三川群Lotka—Volterra竞争系统的渐近性态

讨论了3种群Lotka-Volterra竞争系统中各种群在其环境容纳量处均为局部吸引子的情形，给出了系统的全局拓扑结构随机参数变化的各种情况。     

污染环境中带时滞的随机竞争模型生存性分析

对一类在污染环境下带时滞的随机种群竞争模型进行研究,利用It公式以及相关理论,得到两种群灭绝、非平均持久、弱平均持久及强平均持久的充分条件,分析灭绝与弱平均持久生存的阈值,并通过MATLAB仿真验证主要结果。     

具有避难所和捕获的非线性模型稳定性分析

提出一类具有避难所和捕获的非线性竞争模型,探讨了模型的局部渐近稳定性和全局稳定性。讨论了避难所对于种群稳定性的影响,以及非线性项系数对两种群平衡密度的作用。     

两种群相互竞争具有脉冲预防接种的SIR传染病模型

研究了一类具有脉冲预防接种的两种群相互竞争S(易感染者)-I(感染者)-R(治愈者)传染病模型,讨论了平衡点的存在性和局部渐进稳定性,脉冲接种有效的预防种群内,及其竞争种群间传染病的传播和蔓延。该接种方法可以在珍稀物种中推广。     

竞争Lotka—Volterra扩散系统的全局稳定性和周期解

本文讨论一类竞争扩散系统，此系统有两种种群ｎ个斑块睛种种群可以在ｎ个斑块中自由扩散，而另一种种群限制在一个斑块中不能扩散，当系数满足一定的积分不等式时，得到系统的全局稳定性和周期解。     

具有阶段结构和非局部空间效应的竞争系统的稳定性

构造一类具有阶段结构和非局部空间效应影响的两种成年种群个体相互竞争的反应扩散模型.利用线性稳定化方法和Redlinger上下解方法得到该竞争模型的动力性态,并证明模型在边界平衡点和共存平衡点是全局渐近稳定的.     

Adaptive divergence in pigment composition promotes phytoplankton biodiversity

The dazzling diversity of the phytoplankton has puzzled biologists for decades. The puzzle has been enlarged rather than solved by the progressive discovery of new phototrophic microorganisms in the oceans, including picocyanobacteria, pico-eukaryotes, and bacteriochlorophyll-based and rhodopsin-based phototrophic bacteria. Physiological and genomic studies suggest that natural selection promotes niche differentiation among these phototrophic microorganisms, particularly with respect to their photosynthetic characteristics. We have analysed competition for light between two closely related picocyanobacteria of the Synechococcus group that we isolated from the Baltic Sea. One of these two has a red colour because it contains the pigment phycoerythrin, whereas the other is blue-green because it contains high contents of the pigment phycocyanin. Here we report theory and competition experiments that reveal stable coexistence of the two picocyanobacteria, owing to partitioning of the light spectrum. Further competition experiments with a third marine cyanobacterium, capable of adapting its pigment composition, show that this species persists by investing in the pigment that absorbs the colour not used by its competitors. These results demonstrate the adaptive significance of divergence in pigment composition of phototrophic microorganisms, which allows an efficient utilization of light energy and favours species coexistence.     

Gause竞争排斥原理的一个数学模型

考虑若干物种在一孤立环境中对同一种资源（食物）的竞争．各物种的净增殖率依赖于资源量以及参与竞争的个体数目．提出了一组种群变化与资源变化相耦合的微分方程．对于单一物种，种群中个体数目的变化呈Ｓ型曲线．当多个种群参与竞争时，竞争结局由各物种的最低资源需求量（ＬＲＲ），即推持种群净增率为零时的资源需求量决定：具有最小ＬＲＲ的物种将竞争获胜，而其余物种将消亡；如果几个物种同时具有相等的并且是最小的ＬＲＲ，则这几个物种将共存而其他物种灭绝，与经典的Ｌｏｔｋａ－Ｖｏｌｔｅｒｒａ模型相比，模型具有以下不同之处：１）竞争的结局仅取决于各物种的生存能力，总是具有最低资源需求的物种获胜，这种结局不受繁殖速率、竞争强度、初值等因素的影响；２）共存只有在限制很严的情况下出现，而相互排斥则是普遍的．     

Coexistence and relative abundance in forest trees

Contemporary acceleration of biodiversity loss makes increasingly urgent the need to understand the controls of species coexistence. Tree diversity in particular plays a pivotal role in determining terrestrial biodiversity, through maintaining diversity of its dependent species and with them, their predators and parasites. Most theories of coexistence based on the principle of limiting similarity suggest that coexistence of competing species is inherently unstable; coexistence of competitors must be maintained by external forces such as disturbance, immigration or 'patchiness' of resources in space and time. In contrast, storage theory postulates stable coexistence of competing species through temporal alternation of conditions favouring recruitment of one species over the other. Here we use storage theory to develop explicit predictions for relative differences between competitors that allow us to discriminate between coexistence models. Data on tree species from a primary forest on the Mexican Pacific coast support a general dynamic of storage processes determining coexistence of similar tree species in this community, and allow us to reject all other theories of coexistence.     

捕食者追捕与食饵逃逸对共位捕食系统中物种共存的影响

基于元胞自动机模型,探讨捕食者追捕和食饵逃逸两种行为对共位捕食系统中物种共存动态的影响.结果表明:捕食者追捕能够扩大物种共存区域,但食饵逃逸能否提高共位捕食系统中物种的共存取决于两物种竞争与捕食能力的相互权衡关系.在捕食者占绝对优势以及竞争与捕食之间存在弱权衡关系时,食饵逃逸能够促进两物种的共存;而在食饵占有绝对优势以及两物种间强权衡关系时,食饵逃逸则使得物种共存变得更加困难.另外,模拟结果显示,捕食者追捕与食饵逃逸对物种共存与种群密度产生不对称性效应:捕食者追捕对系统产生的影响较食饵逃逸行为更为显著.     

Sexual selection enables long-term coexistence despite ecological equivalence

Empirical data indicate that sexual preferences are critical for maintaining species boundaries, yet theoretical work has suggested that, on their own, they can have only a minimal role in maintaining biodiversity. This is because long-term coexistence within overlapping ranges is thought to be unlikely in the absence of ecological differentiation. Here we challenge this widely held view by generalizing a standard model of sexual selection to include two ubiquitous features of populations with sexual selection: spatial variation in local carrying capacity, and mate-search costs in females. We show that, when these two features are combined, sexual preferences can single-handedly maintain coexistence, even when spatial variation in local carrying capacity is so slight that it might go unnoticed empirically. This theoretical study demonstrates that sexual selection alone can promote the long-term coexistence of ecologically equivalent species with overlapping ranges, and it thus provides a novel explanation for the maintenance of species diversity.     

Stability of forest biodiversity

Two hypotheses to explain potentially high forest biodiversity have different implications for the number and kinds of species that can coexist and the potential loss of biodiversity in the absence of speciation. The first hypothesis involves stabilizing mechanisms, which include tradeoffs between species in terms of their capacities to disperse to sites where competition is weak, to exploit abundant resources effectively and to compete for scarce resources. Stabilization results because competitors thrive at different times and places. An alternative, 'neutral model' suggests that stabilizing mechanisms may be superfluous. This explanation emphasizes 'equalizing' mechanisms, because competitive exclusion of similar species is slow. Lack of ecologically relevant differences means that abundances experience random 'neutral drift', with slow extinction. The relative importance of these two mechanisms is unknown, because assumptions and predictions involve broad temporal and spatial scales. Here we demonstrate that predictions of neutral drift are testable using palaeodata. The results demonstrate strong stabilizing forces. By contrast with the neutral prediction of increasing variance among sites over time, we show that variances in post-Glacial tree abundances among sites stabilize rapidly, and abundances remain coherent over broad geographical scales.     

循环竞争引起的集合种群时空波

在集合种群框架下研究了循环竞争关系.基于Tilman的多物种竞争模型和均匀场假设,建立了三物种循环竞争的Lavins型集合种群模型.在局部扩散的假设下,依据马尔科夫过程理论建立了概率转移模型.解析分析和计算机模拟的结果表明Lavins型模型表现出阶段性平衡动态,即特定的时刻只有一个物种在群落中占有绝对数量,但很快就被它的优势物种取代,这样三物种轮流处于优势地位;概率转移模型却呈现出在时间和空间上的混沌动态行为,模拟结果表现为一种螺旋生物波;这说明局部扩散可以弱化竞争引起的种群振荡,引起空间分布的异质性,同时表明Lavins型集合种群模型可能低估了物种共存的条件.     

Coexistence of two sympatric and mOrpho1ogically similar bat species Rhinolophus affnis and Rhinolophus pearsoni

Ecologists have long focused on the coexistence of sympatric species.Here,we investigated two horseshoe bat species,Rhinolophus affinis and Rhinolophus pearsoni inhabited in the same cave,for their foraging strategies,niche differentiation,prey selection,and their coexistence status.These two species of horseshoe bats were ditierent in the dominant frequency of their echolocation calls.but similar in their morphology.We found evidence for prey selectivity although there was a high degree of overlap in prey categories and sizes.R affinis and R pearsoni foraged on 16 and 7 categories insects,respectively,with Pyralidae,Geometridae,Melolonthidae dominating their diets.The degree of trophic niche overlap was 0.69.Pairwise comparisons suggested that there was no obvious differentiation in prey categories and size.However,high prey availability in the environment(Simpson diversity index=0.79 and Margalef richness index=4.121 contributed to their coexistence by dampening the interspecific competition.Since there are one or more mechanisms facilitating species coexistence in a community,our results suggest that the spatial niche differentiation in foraging microhabitats and in foraging habitats at landscape scale may promote the coexistence of the two bat species.However,additional field data are needed to confirm this speculation.     

非均匀chemostat竞争模型的渐近性

研究了一类非均匀chemostat竞争模型解的渐近性。运用比较原理、极值原理和半动力系统的一致持久性理论进行研究。得到了物种灭绝和持续共存的条件。非均匀chemostat竞争模型在适当条件下物种能持续共存。