磷营养盐对库湾暴发蓝藻水华的实验研究

为了研究三峡库区蓄水后香溪河连续暴发水华进行了室内模拟实验,在实验研究中发现适合铜绿微囊藻生长的磷含量区域为:0.14～0.616 mg/L.通过测量铜绿微囊藻在不同磷含量水体中的生长规律,为预测香溪河是否可能在磷营养盐丰富的条件下暴发铜绿微囊藻水华提供有利的依据.     

外源AHLs信号物质对蓝藻生长代谢的影响

 研究了外加AHLs(acyl-HSLs)信号物质对滇池铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)FACHB905以及集胞藻(Synechocysti sp.)FACHB898生长和代谢的影响.结果表明:AHLs类信号物质对2种藻具有明显的生长抑制作用.在10~80μmol·L^-1浓度范围内,2种供试藻的生物量,藻蓝蛋白(phycocyanin,PC)含量都受到了一定程度的抑制,而2种藻的可溶性糖含量和Car/Chl a却有明显地提高.随AHLs浓度的增加,铜绿微囊藻藻液中超氧自由基含量明显地增加,而集胞藻藻液中超氧自由基含量随AHLs物质浓度的增加呈下降趋势,反映出两者在适应性上是有差异的.     

Effects of inorganic arsenic on growth and microcystin production of a <Emphasis Type="Italic">Microcystis</Emphasis> strain isolated from an algal bloom in Dianchi Lake,China

Our previous data have shown that inorganic arsenic concentrations were high in Dianchi Lake, China, where Microcystis blooms often occur. To explore the relationship between arsenic and the growth of Microcystis, the effects of arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)] on the growth and toxin production of M. aeruginosa strain FACHB 905 were tested. Results showed that M. aeruginosa FACHB 905 was tolerant to inorganic arsenic and its growth was not inhibited when the concentration of As(III) was below 10⁻⁵ mol L⁻¹ or that of As(V) below 10⁻³ mol L⁻¹. Total microcystin production was stimulated in the presence of 10⁻⁷ mol L⁻¹ As(III) and the response of this M. aeruginosa strain to As(III) seemed to be a typical inverted U-shaped hormesis. The content increase of microcystin-LR per cell indicated that the toxicity was enhanced as M. aeruginosa FACHB 905 was exposed to As(V). Considering the relatively high concentration of inorganic arsenic in Dianchi Lake (139 μg L⁻¹ in epilimnetic water), the origin of the M. aeruginosa strain, inorganic arsenic favors survival of M. aeruginosa FACHB 905 and may stimulate its microcystin production and cellular toxicity.     

臭氧水对草莓及拟盘多毛孢影响的研究

通过组织分离纯化和分子生物学鉴定,明确了引起草莓叶部新病的致病菌为拟盘多毛孢。以喷洒清水为空白对照,利用不同质量浓度的臭氧水直接喷洒致病菌和生长期的草莓植株,研究臭氧水对致病菌和草莓植株的浓度效应,结果显示：低浓度臭氧水（0.5~0.8 mg·L^-1）对草莓植株的生理生态变化和致病菌的生长影响较小;中浓度臭氧水（2.2~2.5 mg·L^-1）可以显著抑制致病菌的生长,并促进草莓植株的生长;高浓度臭氧水（4.0~4.3 mg·L^-1）可以很好地抑制致病菌的生长,但对草莓叶片有较严重的腐蚀作用。因此,中浓度（2.2~2.5 mg·L^-1）是喷洒草莓的最适臭氧水浓度。     

丝光沸石静态吸附牛尿废水中磷的实验研究

以丝光沸石作为吸附材料,采用静态吸附法考察了丝光沸石对牛尿废水中总磷的吸附效果及影响因素,并对其吸附等温曲线进行了研究.实验结果表明,静态吸附的最佳工艺条件为:处理50 mL的总磷质量浓度为45.67 mg.L-1的牛尿废水,当吸附剂用量为3.0 g,牛尿废水pH为9.0,吸附时间为6 h,温度为30℃时,吸附后总质量磷质量浓度可下降到10.25 mg.L-1,去除率可达到77.56%.Freundlich吸附等温方程比Langmuir吸附等温方程能更好地描述磷在丝光沸石上的吸附行为.说明丝光沸石作为吸附剂去除牛尿废水中的磷是可行的.     

乙烯利对绿豆芽前期生长和品质的影响

为研究乙烯对绿豆芽前期生长与品质的影响，采用4种不同质量浓度的乙烯利（30，60，90，120 mg·L^-1）对种子萌发前和萌发后进行处理，用以评价绿豆芽各项生长指标。结果表明：在萌发前和萌发后施加不同质量浓度乙烯利溶液对绿豆芽生长和品质有不同程度的影响。一方面，萌发前用30 mg·L^-1的乙烯利溶液处理8 h后，种子萌发率达到62.2%，与对照组存在显著差异，而高质量浓度的乙烯利溶液120 mg·L^-1则抑制萌发；此外，用30 mg·L^-1乙烯利处理，种子侧根生长被显著抑制，超氧物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性提高，而用较高质量浓度乙烯利溶液处理时，下胚轴长度减小和粗度增加，相同时间产量减小。另一方面，在种子萌发后用乙烯利溶液处理，除30 mg·L^-1乙烯利处理外，其他质量浓度在发芽30 h内产量显著降低；而用90 mg·L^-1乙烯利处理后，在培养50 h时产量出现显著增加，抗氧化性有所提升。研究结果发现：30 mg·L^-1乙烯利对绿豆芽萌发与质量来说是最佳选择，本研究为绿豆芽高效安全的生产提供了一定的理论和技术支持。     

Ni元素对铜绿微囊藻的生长、光谱特性及藻胆蛋白含量的影响

 为了探讨微量元素对蓝藻水华生消的影响及其机理,研究了不同浓度Ni对铜绿微囊藻生长、光谱特征及藻胆蛋白含量的影响,结果表明:Ni元素对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa 905)的生长、光谱特性及藻胆蛋白含量均有影响.①Ni元素在低质量浓度(<0.10μg/mL)下促进藻细胞生长,高质量浓度(0.30～1.00μg/mL)下抑制其生长;②Ni元素处理使藻细胞吸收光谱峰位红移、吸光值降低,表明Ni元素使叶绿素和藻胆蛋白变性,抑制了藻细胞的吸光能力;③Ni元素在较低质量浓度(<0.30μg/mL)下使藻胆蛋白的吸收峰值升高,在较高质量浓度(0.40～1.00μg/mL)下则使其降低;④Ni元素在低质量浓度(<0.30μg/mL)下会使藻蓝蛋白(PC)含量增加,高质量浓度(0.40～1.00μg/mL)下则使其减少;不论在高质量浓度还是低质量浓度下,均使别藻蓝蛋白(APC)含量减少.     

2，4-二叔丁基苯酚对细叶小羽藓生理的影响

为探究木麻黄（Casuarina equisetifolia）林地化感物质中含量最为丰富的2，4-二叔丁基苯酚（2，4-di-tert-butylphenol，2，4-DTBP）对细叶小羽藓（Haplocladium microphyllum）生长发育的影响，用不同物质的量浓度（0，0.01，0.05，0.10，0.50，1.00 mmol·L^-1）的2，4-DTBP处理细叶小羽藓，分别进行叶绿素、脯氨酸和丙二醛（MDA）含量的测定.结果表明：用适宜物质的量浓度（0~0.10 mmol·L^-1）2，4-DTBP处理时，细叶小羽藓叶绿素含量增加，脯氨酸和丙二醛含量下降；而物质的量浓度大于0.50 mmol·L^-1时，叶绿素含量下降，脯氨酸和丙二醛含量增加.当2，4-DTBP浓度高于0.50 mmol·L^-1时，对细叶小羽藓产生明显的化感抑制效应，不利于细叶小羽藓生长.本研究以常见种细叶小羽藓为例，探讨了2，4-DTBP对苔藓植物的化感作用，为细叶小羽藓是否适应木麻黄林地生态环境提供参考.     

不同氮磷质量浓度对鳗池优势藻生长的影响

以铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)、水华微囊藻(Microcystis flos-aquae)、小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)、四尾栅藻(Scendesmus quadricauda)4种鳗池常见优势藻为实验对象,研究不同N、P质量浓度对4种藻生长的影响.结果表明:铜绿微囊藻和水华微囊藻最适生长的N、P质量浓度范围分别为150～350mg/L和0.005～5mg/L,小球藻的最适N、P质量浓度范围分别为25～250mg/L和75～100mg/L,四尾栅藻的最佳N、P质量浓度范围分别为25～150mg/L和50～100mg/L.从实验结果来看,蓝藻和绿藻对N、P的需求差异较大.     

谷氨酰胺转胺酶发酵培养基的响应面分析优化

利用SAS（Statistical Analysis System）软件中二水平设计的Plackett-Burman设计和响应面分析法（Response Surface Analysis，简称RSA），研究了链霉菌（Streptomyces sp.）HS-1摇瓶发酵生产谷氨酰胺转胺酶的发酵培养基.通过二水平设计实验考察了八种因素对发酵生产谷氨酰胺转胺酶的影响，利用极差分析确定其中以豆饼粉水解物、甘油以及硫酸铵为影响链霉菌发酵生产谷氨酰胺转胺酶的重要因素.通过响应面分析法建立了这三个重要因素的二次回归模型，应用规范分析找到最优点，分别为豆饼粉水解物24.0 g &;#8226; L^-1，甘油24.4 g &;#8226; L^-1，硫酸铵5.40g &;#8226; L^-1.摇瓶实验表明，应用优化培养基谷氨酰胺转胺酶酶活由6.27 μ &;#8226; mL^-1提高到7.30μ &;#8226;mL^-1，提高了16.4%.     

Comparison of heavy metal accumulation by a bloom-forming cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa

Microcystis aeruginosa is the dominant species during cyanobacterial blooms in freshwater lakes. In the present study, we compared the bioaccumulation characteristics of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) in Microcystis cells. In short-term uptake tests, a rapid sorption of Cd and Zn occurred in the first few minutes, with a subsequent slower internalization process. No obvious difference was observed between Zn and Cd in terms of their short-term uptake kinetics. In efflux experiments, elimination of Zn from the cells was faster than that of Cd. In the 72-h exposure tests, the intracellular Cd concentrations increased with exposure time whereas the intracellular Zn concentrations always reached a plateau. The cellular Cd showed greater variation than the cellular Zn at various free Cd²⁺ or Zn²⁺ concentrations. The differences in Cd and Zn accumulation and elimination indicated that Microcystis cells had a higher bioaccumulation capacity for Cd than for Zn. In field studies, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of Cd in lake-harvested Microcystis was more than 10 times higher than those of other metals. The results of the present study strongly suggested that the bloom-forming Microcystis may affect the Cd transportation and biogeochemical cycling in eutrophic freshwater ecosystems.     

影响铁皮石斛原球茎生长的若干因素

比较了不同无机盐浓度、不同碳源和不同pH 值对铁皮石斛原球茎生长的影响。实验结果表明:铁皮石斛原球茎生长较适宜的培养基为MS NAA1 mg·L- 1 w = 3% 蔗糖(pH为5 .0) 。     

降香黄檀荚果和种子生长发育规律研究

降香黄檀(Dalbergia odorifera)为珍稀树种，天然分布的降香黄檀濒临绝迹，为保护现有的降香黄檀种质资源，本研究以广西降香黄檀荚果作为研究对象，观察荚果和种子的生长发育变化情况，并对降香黄檀种子部分生理生化指标及发芽率的变化进行测定，探讨降香黄檀荚果和种子的生长发育规律，为确定其适宜采收期提供理论支撑。结果表明：降香黄檀荚果和种子的颜色由浅绿色逐渐过渡到黄褐色，最终在盛花期后160 d后变为深褐色；荚果和种子体积大小在整个采收期中一直维持不断增长的趋势，且在盛花期后185 d开始缓慢而稳定地增长；种子含水量在盛花期后185 d后降至35%左右并趋于稳定；种子可溶性糖含量呈现先升高后降低的趋势，在盛花期后165 d最高，为45 g·kg^-1左右，直至盛花期后195 d降至42 g·kg^-1左右；种子可溶性蛋白含量呈“双峰”动态变化，盛花期后135 d达到第1个峰值，盛花期后180 d达到第2个峰值，之后开始缓慢下降；种子的发芽势、发芽率在盛花期后140-170 d达到最高，且与170 d后无显著性差异。因此，盛花期后185-200...     

滇池微囊藻“水华”藻胆蛋白资源化研究

对从滇池采集的惠氏微囊藻（Ｍｉｃｒｏｃｙｓｔｉｓｗｅｓｅｎｂｅｒｇｉｉ（惠氏微囊藻的多率达９０％以上）和人工养殖螺旋藻的藻胆蛋白和粗蛋白进行了比较研究,结果显示,滇池微囊藻水华中藻胆蛋白的含量占干藻的１５．０７％晒干后的螺旋藻其藻胆蛋白含量８．０５％,喷雾干燥的３．６８％,此外,超滤前破细胞的溶液含小白鼠致死的毒素,超滤提取得到的藻胆蛋白结果为阴性,藻胆蛋白的安全性好。     

Remote sensing of algal blooms using a turbidity-free function for near-infrared and red signals

HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOM ACTS UPON IMPORTANT ENVIRON-MENTAL PROBLEMS IN COASTAL WATERS.A UNIFIED AND IM-PLEMENTING METHOD FOR SURVEY AND MONITORING ALGALBLOOMS HAS BEEN DEVELOPED SINCE LAST DECADE.HOWEVER THERE IS A DATA GAP OF ABOUT TENS YEARS IN THE PERIOD W…     

Studies on in vitro regeneration competence of pseudobulb cultures in Changnienia amoena Chien

An efficient procedure is outlined for rapid and mass propagation through in vitro culture of pseudobulbs collected in different seasons of an endangered orchid, Changnienia amoena Chien. Axillary buds formed on intact pseudobulbs (collected in April) after a 12-week incubation on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (1/2 MS) medium supplemented with 1 mg L-1 N6-benzyl- adenine (6-BA), 0.5 mg L-1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 100 ml L-1 coconut water and 0.8 g L-1 polyvinylpyrrolidone; no buds were observed on segmentalized pseudobulbs incubated on the same medium. The axillary buds obtained from pseudobulbs growing in the natural habitat in June were detached and incubated for 7 weeks on the same medium leading to 1.4 shoot buds per explant. With repeated subculturing of the shoots on 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 2 mg L-1 6-BA and 0.5 mg L-1 NAA, a mean of 3.3 shoot buds per explant were observed on successive shoot cultures. A mean of 4.5 roots per shoot were induced on the optimal root induction medium with 1/2 MS medium plus 1.0 mg L-1 NAA and 0.1 mg L-1 6-BA and the highest rooting per centage was 88.9%. Plantlets 4-5 cm in height were transplanted into pots containing a 1:1 humus and sand mixture and grown for 7 weeks in a greenhouse before being transferred to the field. The survival rate of these transplants was about 75% after two months of growth in the wild.     

温度、光照及藻细胞密度对3种水华蓝藻生长及竞争的影响

以铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa Kutzing)、细小平裂藻(Merismopedia minima G.Beck)和土生伪鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaena mucicola(NaumannHuber-Pestalozzi)Schwabe 1964)为研究对象,运用单因子和正交实验的方法,分析了温度、光照以及藻细胞初始密度对三者生长及竞争的影响.结果表明:铜绿微囊藻和细小平裂藻均能在高温、高光照的条件下达到最佳生长状态;黏伪鱼腥藻只有在低温、低光照的情况下才具有竞争优势.在相同的温度和光照条件下,不同的藻细胞初始密度是其竞争获得优势藻种地位的关键因子.除了控制营养盐和其他污染物的输入外,关注浮游植物群落结构变化,控制和降低蓝藻在水华爆发前的生物量密度,是治理淡水湖泊(水库)蓝藻水华的有效方法.     

Determination of ammonium ion in lake water by voltammetry

0　IntroductionDetectionofammoniumionisveryimportantinmanyfields,suchashealthcare,agriculture ,cultivationandenviron mentalpollutioncontrol.Severalanalyticalmethodshavebeende velopedforammoniumdeterminationincludingionchromatography ,spectrophotometry,fluorimetryandchemiluminescence .MostofthemarebasedonspectrophotometryusingtheBerthelot reactionbetweenammonium ,phenol,andhypochloriteleadingtothefor mationofanindophenoldye[1 ] .Thereactiontimeisaboutanhour,andsomedissolvedorganicnitrogencompo…     

Removal of Ammonia from Wastewater Effluent by Chlorella Vulgaris

The capability of Chlorella vulgaris to remove nitrogen in the form of ammonia and/or ammonium ions from wastewater effluent in a local wastewater treatment plant (i.e., the Mill Creek Plant in Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A.) was studied. The wastewater effluent leaving the plant was found to include high concentra-tions of nitrogen (7.7±0.19 mg/L) (ammonia (NH3) and/or ammonium ion (NH4+)) and total inorganic carbon (58.6±0.28 mg/L) at pH 7, and to be suitable for growing Chlorella vulgaris. When Chlorella vulgaris was cul-tivated in a batch mode under a closed system, half of the nitrogen concentration was dramatically removed in 48 h after a 24-h lag-phase period. Total inorganic carbon concentration also concomitantly decreased during the rapid growth-phase. The total biomass weight gained during the entire cultivation period balanced out well with the total amount of inorganic carbon and nitrogen removed from the culture medium. These results indicate that wastewater can be synergistically used to polish residual nutrients in wastewater as well as to cultivate microalgae for biofuel production.     

Antibacterial activity and structure-activity relationships of Schiff bases on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Staphylococcus aureus</Emphasis> by microcalorimetry

The growth of Staphylococcus aureus under the action of six kinds of Schiff bases(A,B,C,D,E,F) was studied by means of microcalorimetry. Growth constant k and inhibition ratio I were calculated. Also,the antibacterial activity,the action characteristics and the structure-activity relationships of the compounds on S. aureus were analyzed. Results indicate that B,F show good antibacterial activity(IC50:293.6 mg · L-1 and 307.8 mg · L-1) ,D,E show moderate antibacterial activity(IC50:966.3 mg · L-1 and 1 126.7...