碳纤维/ZnO复合材料的制备和性能研究

通过对碳纤维表面进行修饰,利用低温液相沉淀法制备了碳纤维/ZnO复合材料并对其结构、形貌和发光性能进行了研究.结果显示,样品的紫外-可见吸收峰约为376nm,相应的带隙宽度约为3.30eV.由样品的荧光光谱得出,样品除了具有位于384nm的微弱的近带边紫外发光峰之外,还有位于597nm的强的绿光发光带.样品经过退火之后,绿光峰降低.这可能归于ZnO中氧空位的减少.通过对原始样品和经过退火处理样品的荧光光谱的研究得出,样品的绿光发射归于氧空位.     

微/纳米ZnO的控制合成及其光催化性能

以锌盐和碱为主要原料,采用低温液相法,通过控制反应前驱液的组成,制得针状、花状、棒状和枣核状4种不同形貌的微/纳米ZnO.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X线能谱仪(EDS)、X线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)等多种手段对产物进行表征,并探讨不同形貌ZnO微/纳米晶的形成机制.以甲基橙模拟有机污染物,考察紫外光照下所得ZnO样品的降解效果.研究结果表明:ZnO晶体的粒度和形貌由其生长习性及成核、生长速率共同控制.ZnO的光催化性能与其颗粒粒度及形貌密切相关,棒状和枣核状ZnO表现出很高的光催化活性,120 min内即可将甲基橙完全降解.     

银纳米粒子/玻璃复合材料的离子交换和溶剂热法制备及其光学性质的研究

利用离子交换技术结合溶剂热还原法在玻璃中及其表面生长Ag纳米颗粒制备了银纳米粒子-玻璃复合材料.通过扫描电镜、紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱对样品的形貌和光学性质进行了表征,并研究了离子交换及还原条件对复合材料性能的影响.结果表明:随交换温度、还原时间或还原温度的增大,银纳米粒子-玻璃复合材料的吸收峰均蓝移;而随交换时间的延长,吸收峰先是红移再发生少量蓝移.在波长为400 nm的激发光下,银纳米粒子-玻璃复合材料在530 nm附近具有一个较宽的发射带,且其发光强度随交换时间、还原时间或还原温度的增大逐渐降低.     

银纳米粒子/玻璃复合材料的离子交换和溶剂热法制备及其光学性质的研究（英文）

利用离子交换技术结合溶剂热还原法在玻璃中及其表面生长Ag纳米颗粒制备了银纳米粒子-玻璃复合材料.通过扫描电镜、紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱对样品的形貌和光学性质进行了表征,并研究了离子交换及还原条件对复合材料性能的影响.结果表明:随交换温度、还原时间或还原温度的增大,银纳米粒子-玻璃复合材料的吸收峰均蓝移;而随交换时间的延长,吸收峰先是红移再发生少量蓝移.在波长为400 nm的激发光下,银纳米粒子-玻璃复合材料在530 nm附近具有一个较宽的发射带,且其发光强度随交换时间、还原时间或还原温度的增大逐渐降低.     

聚合物包覆纳米Fe的液相法制备与磁性能

采用NaBH4液相化学还原工艺,在PVP-VAc嵌段共聚物在溶剂中形成的微反应器中制备表面包覆有嵌段共聚物的金属铁纳米颗粒.通过XRD,TEM以及紫外和红外光谱等手段对表面包覆的纳米铁粉的结构和形貌进行分析,并用振动样品磁强计分析其磁性能.研究结果表明:所制备的纳米铁粉为体型立方晶,样品为球形,且分散良好;颗粒粒度为12～35 nm,颗粒平均粒度为21 nm;纳米铁粉的矫顽力为15.2 kA/m,饱和磁化强度为18.6A·m2/kg;纳米铁颗粒表面包覆了PVP-VAc嵌段共聚物.     

由碱式草酸铜前驱物通过超声法制备氧化铜纳米线及其光致发光性能

以碱式草酸铜和氢氧化钠为反应原料,聚乙烯醇为辅助试剂,采用超声法合成了具有颗粒次级结构的纳米线状CuO,并研究了水热、微波、超声法三种合成方法对CuO形貌的影响.实验结果表明不同的合成方法对样品的形貌影响很大,并且超声处理对于制备纳米线状氧化铜起到了至关重要的作用,而辅助试剂有助于形成形貌更加均一的产物.分别采用XRD、SEM、TEM及HRTEM研究产物的结构与形貌,以FT-IR观察产物的表面结构与成键特性,通过UV-Vis吸收光谱及荧光光谱(PL)研究产物在紫外-可见光区的光捕获能力及荧光发射情况.测试结果表明氧化铜纳米线的直径约为10～15 nm,长度约为2～4 um,组成纳米线的颗粒次级结构的计算平均粒径为14.6 nm.与体相CuO材料相比,CuO纳米线的吸收带边出现了明显的蓝移现象,其带隙能为2.67 eV,这可归于量子尺寸效应.光谱研究结果表明样品在紫外光区具有较强的光捕获能力,并能发出蓝紫光.     

酸性水热合成CeO_2纳米颗粒的光学和磁学性质（英文）

以CeCl_3·7H_2O为铈源、NH3·H2O为矿化剂、HCl为酸性调节剂,利用水热法成功制备了二氧化铈纳米颗粒.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)、荧光分光光度计(PL)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等分析测试手段,对CeO_2纳米颗粒的晶相、形貌、光学和磁学性质进行了表征.XRD测试结果表明样品的晶格参数略高于块状CeO_2的,并随着pH值的增大而减小.所有样品的形貌均为球形.从紫外-可见吸收光谱中,估计出的样品直接带隙值小于块状CeO_2的,且此值随pH值的增加而增加.pH值为2时合成样品具有室温铁磁性,此性质的出现可能与Ce~(3+)和氧空位的存在有关.     

噻唑橙在表面活性剂介质中聚合状态的光谱研究

应用紫外 可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱研究了噻唑橙染料水溶液在阴离子表面活性剂存在下聚集状态及光谱性质 .当添加阴离子表面活性剂浓度在 10 - 5mol·L- 1 范围时 ,噻唑橙易发生二聚乃至三聚 .当阴离子表面活性剂浓度大于 10 - 3 mol·L- 1 并达到临界胶束浓度时 (对于十二烷基苯磺酸钠 ,cmc =8.3× 10 - 3 mol·L- 1 ) ,噻唑橙完全解聚为单体 .其荧光强度高于水溶液 ,而多聚体的荧光强度较低 ,最大发射波长发生红移 ,光稳定性降低     

尿素还原法制备碳量子点

将富勒烯C_(60)和C_(70)分别在空气气氛中350℃下煅烧,然后采用尿素还原法在温和(90℃)条件下制备得到碳量子点;以透射电子显微镜、粉末X-射线衍射、拉曼光谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱等对碳量子点的组成和形貌进行表征,通过紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱对其光学性能进行研究;并推测碳量子点的形成机制.结果表明,在激发光波长为320nm时,两种碳量子点的荧光最大发射峰波长位于450nm附近,相对荧光量子产率分别为23.24%和27.55%,推测其形成机制为尿素对空气气氛中煅烧过的富勒烯表面氧化位点的还原.该结果为温和条件下合成碳量子点提供了一种新的思路.     

光谱法研究nC60纳米颗粒与牛血红蛋白的相互作用

用几种光谱方法研究了n C60纳米颗粒与牛血红蛋白之间的相互作用。用溶剂置换法制备n C60的水分散液,并用紫外-可见分光光度法、动态光散射和透射电子显微镜技术对n C60纳米颗粒进行表征;用紫外-可见分光光谱、荧光光谱、同步荧光光谱研究n C60与牛血红蛋白之间的作用。结果表明,n C60纳米颗粒对牛血红蛋白的紫外-可见吸收光谱有一定程度的改变作用;n C60可猝灭牛血红蛋白的内源荧光,且最大发射波长发生明显的蓝移现象;随着n C60浓度的增加,酪氨酸残基和色氨酸残基的同步荧光强度降低,其中酪氨酸残基峰位发生蓝移,而色氨酸残基峰位基本保持不变。研究表明n C60与牛血红蛋白之间存在一定的相互作用;n C60可引起牛血红蛋白构象的改变,酪氨酸残基所处微环境的极性减小,n C60与牛血红蛋白的作用位置更接近酪氨酸残基。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.