寿阳区块煤层气采收率预测方法及井间距优化

为准确预测煤层气采收率和确定煤层气井开采合理的井间距,对数值模拟法、类比法、等温吸附法、解析法及其各自的适用条件和优缺点做了详细分析,结合3种采收率的预测方法得出了15#、9#、3#煤层的采收率;阐述了煤层气开发中井间距的设计原则,根据寿阳区块的地质和煤储层条件,设计3种不同的井间距方案,通过数值模拟预测产能,分析了井间距与产能之间的关系,得出合理的井间距;阐述了丛式井组设计开发概念思想.研究结果表明:合理的井间距为350 m×350 m,15#煤层的采收率为53.9%,9#煤层采收率为51.6%,3#煤层的采收率为47.8%.     

基于灰色关联分析和BP神经网络的煤层含气量预测研究

基于测井资料和煤岩心含气量化验分析资料,采用现代数理统计方法优选了煤层含气量的敏感性测井参数,在煤岩心含气量分析化验数据归位的基础上,建立了煤岩心含气量-测井相统计模式,并利用灰色关联法对测井相-煤岩心含气量统计模式进行了系统分析,进而筛选了有效的煤层含气量测井建模数据库。基于神经网络非线性数学方法,利用筛选后的有效煤层含气量测井建模数据构建了研究区内煤层含气量的多测井参数非线性预测模型,并利用所构建模型对研究区内的煤层含气量进行预测。煤岩心含气量室内分析数据与预测结果对比表明,该整套方法能较好地对煤层含气量进行预测,预测精度能够满足煤层气储层测井评价的要求。     

基于支持向量机回归的煤层含气量预测

为了探讨煤层含气量的有效预测方法,将支持向量机回归方法用于建立煤层含气量预测模型。利用所选的测井参数,采用基于小样本理论的支持向量机回归方法建立测井参数与煤层含气量的关系模型,对煤层含气量进行预测。实例分析表明,选取适当的测井参数,利用支持向量机回归方法建立的煤层气含量预测模型,其预测结果与实测结果的误差小。     

煤岩裂缝渗流能力实验评价及近井地层等效渗透率分析

煤岩裂缝的渗流能力是影响煤层气产能的重要因素.采用API导流仪及岩心驱替装置,模拟煤层气排采过程中煤层有效应力的连续变化,评价裂缝闭合压力逐渐升高、地层压力连续下降以及频繁开关井(间歇性排采)等工况条件下煤岩压裂裂缝的动态导流能力和含天然裂缝煤心的渗透率变化.实验结果表明,提高裂缝闭合压力、降低孔隙流体压力以及频繁开关井等都会降低煤岩裂缝的渗流能力,尤其对压裂裂缝的导流能力影响更为显著.基于此,利用实验数据分别回归了煤岩压裂裂缝导流能力和含天然裂缝煤岩渗透率与有效应力的经验关系式,建立近井煤层等效渗透率计算模型.利用该模型可以根据现场测算的等效渗透率,初步判断煤层压裂裂缝的有效导流能力或缝长,可以为煤层气压裂效果评价、分析排采过程中煤岩裂缝参数的动态变化提供一种新方法.     

巴基斯坦塔尔煤田Ⅰ区块含煤性及煤岩层对比研究

根据塔尔煤田Ⅰ区块构造单一,地层产状平缓的地质特点,利用钻探、物探测井及化验等多项成果,采用标志层法、煤层间距法、煤岩煤质法以及地球物理测井法等煤岩层对比方法,对塔尔煤田Ⅰ区块岩层,特别是含煤地层进行了综合对比分析,划分出第四系、新近系和古近系地层界面,并将区内煤层划分为5个煤炭组,9个分煤层,成果可靠。     

煤层气含量影响因素及预测方法

为了提高煤层含气量预测效果,更准确地评价煤层气资源量、预测煤层气开发前景,以及制定合理的开发方案,基于大量文献调研,首先梳理了煤层气及煤层含气量的概念、影响因素,其次对煤层含气量预测方法的特点进行了比较分析,进而开展了煤层含气量预测方法发展趋势分析.研究表明,煤层含气量的影响因素主要包括煤的变质程度、温度、压力、煤质、煤层有效埋藏深度、储层有效厚度、储层物性等,其中,煤变质程度起着根本性作用.煤层含气量定量预测方法主要有等温吸附曲线法、含气量梯度法、测井法、地震法等.合理选择煤层含气量预测方法,开展多学科、多种预测方法综合预测含气量研究、研发新的煤层含气量预测方法是煤层含气量预测的主要发展趋势.     

临汾区块煤层气井排采过程中煤粉产出规律

为研究煤层气井排采过程中煤粉产出规律以及制定合理的煤粉管控措施,选取山西临汾煤层气区块为研究对象,基于煤层气井产出煤粉体积分数的现场连续监测,利用测井曲线解释构造煤的方法,对临汾区块煤层气井产出的煤粉体积分数进行了分析,揭示了煤粉体积分数在空间和时间两方面上的产出规律,预测了产出煤粉体积分数的高值区和高发期,提出了合理的煤粉管控措施.研究结果表明:产出煤粉体积分数在空间上由东向西逐渐增加,由北向南呈高-低-高的变化趋势,主要受构造煤发育程度影响,构造煤发育区是产出煤粉体积分数的高值区;在时间上,排水降压阶段产出煤粉体积分数小,平均值为4.2%,憋压排采阶段和产气上升阶段产出煤粉体积分数增大,平均值分别为5.3%和5.5%.憋压排采和产气上升阶段是产出煤粉体积分数的高值期.     

贵州省杨柳煤矿煤层气注入/压降测试与分析

基于煤层气注入/压降测试技术对贵州省杨柳煤矿504#工程地质井的4下、5、9号煤层进行了试井测试,测试数据利用SaphirV4.10.06试井分析专用软件进行了分析,求解出的煤层储层参数以及地应力参数合理,为该煤矿的煤层气生产潜能和煤层的开采提供了可靠的参数依据。     

寺河井田下组煤煤层气开发有利区优选及穿煤柱水平井井位部署

寺河井田在煤炭开采前需要通过地面预抽方式降低瓦斯含量以解决煤炭开采过程中的瓦斯突出等问题。煤矿区地面煤层气开发工程要做到与煤炭的协调开发,煤层气抽采区块的优选及井位的合理部署至关重要。本文利用FLAC3D软件模拟,建立煤层底板采动效应地质模型,开展针对性的研究上组煤采动后下伏岩层应力变化;结合煤矿采掘部署,选取下组煤煤层气开发的主控因素为指标,建立采动区下组煤煤层气开发潜力评价指标体系,采用层次分析法和模糊综合评价相结合的方法,评价煤层气开发的有利区块;以煤层气与煤炭协调开发为前提,确定穿煤柱水平井煤层气开发井位部署的原则,研究水平井设计的关键要素及内容,优化设计15口井位。研究表明：9号煤层和15号煤层都处在3号煤层开采卸压范围内;东五盘区是寺河井田部署下组煤煤层气水平井的优选区,开展的1口煤层气井最高日产气量达到了9 522 m3。     

河北省煤储层物性特征分析

根据煤田地质勘探实测资料,结合汞孔径测试、扫描电镜显微裂隙观测、煤层气试井分析成果及等温吸附曲线,分析河北省煤储层物性特征。结果显示：煤层饱和吸附量受煤级控制,煤级增加,吸附能力增大;随煤层埋深增加,煤层含气量和甲烷体积分数均呈增大趋势;中孔在褐煤中比较发育,而在其他煤级中例外;储层中宏观裂隙与宏观煤岩类型关系密切;显微裂隙发育程度镜煤好于亮煤,低煤级煤好于高煤级煤;峰峰、万全、大城矿区试井渗透率较高,开平煤田不同地区煤储层渗透性变化较大。该研究为河北省煤层气的合理开发提供了依据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with