需求与退货价格具有相关性的双渠道供应链模型与协调

考虑由单个制造商和单个零售商组成的双渠道供应链,制造商负责产品的生产,生产出来的产品一部分由零售商进行传统渠道销售,另一部分由制造商通过网络进行直销.传统零售渠道和网络直销渠道都为消费者提供退货服务,且退货价格与两个渠道的市场需求具有相关性.通过建立双渠道供应链博弈模型,分析了集中式决策和分散式决策下的退货价格策略,并就两种决策模式下的退货策略进行了比较分析,同时就双渠道供应链实现协调进行了合同设计.研究表明:在批发价格契约下不能实现双渠道供应链的协调,而采用两部定价合同可实现双渠道供应链的协调.     

考虑再制造回收率的两阶段双渠道闭环供应链协调契约设计

针对由一个制造商与一个零售商构成的二级供应链结构,考虑将整个销售期划分为两个销售阶段并通过混合双渠道销售产品,提出了有效的协调契约.制造商与零售商之间存在以制造商为主导的斯塔克伯格博弈行为,运用博弈理论建立决策模型,并引入改进的收益共享契约,以解决渠道冲突问题.结果表明,制造商在保持传统渠道的同时,开辟电子渠道将导致传统零售商抬高市场价格,影响产品的整体市场需求,导致总体利润降低,且在特定策略下回收率水平较低时会引起渠道冲突.设计的批发价格与收益共享契约组合的改进契约实现了双渠道供应链的协调,并使得开辟电子渠道后供应链各成员利润达到帕累托改进,从而有效解决了渠道冲突问题.     

基于随机需求和顾客退货的供应链协调机制

为了加强供应链成员之间的合作关系,构建了与价格及销售努力相关的随机需求下具有顾客退货的单一供应商、单一零售商供应链模型.根据集中决策模式得到供应链协调的一阶必要条件,设计了一种基于回馈与惩罚策略的差别回购契约,论证了该契约可以协调存在顾客退货供应链,使供应商和零售商实现共赢.研究表明:在给定回馈惩罚因子的情况下,供应商可以通过调整销售目标来任意分割整条供应链的利润,且销售目标满足一定范围内供应链的协调才有效.最后通过数值算例验证了上述结论,并分析了顾客退货率对于零售商相关决策变量及供应链总利润的影响.     

成本信息不对称下季节性商品双渠道供应链协调

针对季节性商品双渠道供应链中零售商谎报销售成本的现象,研究季节性商品两级双渠道供应链的契约协调问题。考虑季节性商品短生命周期的特点,基于报童模型建立集中决策与分散决策下零售和直销双渠道供应链利润模型,求解对比分散决策和集中决策下季节性商品双渠道供应链的利润。为了优化分散决策下季节性商品双渠道供应链的性能,构建批发价和回购联合契约协调零售商谎报销售成本信息不对称的供应链。研究结果表明:在联合契约下制造商和零售商的利润均是增加的,验证了模型和联合契约协调的有效性。     

考虑低碳需求的双渠道供应链定价研究

考虑在低碳需求的前提下,构建由单个制造商和单个零售商组成的供应链系统,通过在需求函数中引入低碳水平参数,并采用Stackelberg博弈,构建了由制造商占主导地位的双渠道销售低碳产品的决策分析模型.分析了集中式与分散式双渠道低碳供应链模型的定价和低碳策略,并利用两阶段优化技术得到了供应链的最优定价策略和低碳水平.研究表明,低碳水平的高低直接影响渠道需求以及制造商和零售商的定价策略;制造商和零售商的最优定价策略和低碳水平又受到顾客对零售渠道的偏好程度的影响.     

碳税政策下的双渠道供应链碳减排技术创新协作策略

在碳税政策下，针对制造商直销渠道和零售商传统渠道的产品销售价格存在差异及消费者低碳偏好，通过构建双渠道供应链碳减排技术创新投入博弈模型，研究零售商订货与制造商碳减排技术创新投入的决策问题.研究结果表明：通过两部定价契约和转移支付补偿契约可以实现双渠道供应链系统的协调.与制造商单独碳减排技术创新投入情形相比较，碳减排技术创新投入成本分担情形下双渠道销售总量、碳减排率更高.双渠道供应链系统利润的大小取决于零售商分担碳减排技术创新投入比例的大小；双渠道销售总量、碳减排率、制造商利润和双渠道供应链利润随着碳税增加而增加，而零售商利润随之降低；碳减排率和双渠道销售总量随着渠道竞争强度的增加而降低，制造商利润、零售商利润以及双渠道供应链利润随着渠道竞争强度的增加则先降后增；双渠道销售总量、碳减排率、制造商利润和双渠道供应链利润随着消费者低碳偏好的增加而增加，而零售商利润则随之先降后增.     

考虑努力及退货价格因素的易逝品供应链弹性数量契约模型

考虑由一个制造商和一个零售商组成的易逝品供应链,在销售努力水平及退货价格与需求及退货具有相关性的前提下,建立了易逝品供应链的弹性数量契约模型,指出单纯的弹性数量契约无法实现供应链协调,而基于回馈与惩罚契约策略下的弹性数量契约能够实现供应链协调,并给出了供应链协调下的模型优化方法;最后,以数值实例计算了易逝品供应链协调下的最优销售努力水平、最优退货价格和最优订购量,并分析了各种参数的变动对最优退货价格、最优销售努力、最优订购量和集成式供应链最优利润的影响.     

制造商资金约束下的双渠道供应链协调

考虑由单一零售商和受资金约束的单一制造商组成的双渠道供应链,在引入带有价格折扣因子的零售商提前付款融资模式时,如何实现协调的问题.在制造商主导的Stackelberg博弈下,研究了制造商和零售商之间的库存协调问题,并建立了使得双渠道供应链实现协调的收入共享契约模型.给出了供应链协调时契约参数满足的表达式,并分析了价格折扣因子、初始资金对供应链及其成员的影响.最后,通过算例验证了契约对双渠道供应链协调的有效性及相关参数的作用.     

需求变动下双渠道供应链的竞争和协调

研究由一个制造商和一个零售商组成的双渠道供应链系统当突发事件发生时制造商和零售商之间的竞争和协调问题.通过求解优化问题的Karush-Kuhn-Tucker条件,分别给出正常情况下和突发事件发生导致需求变动时一体化双渠道供应链系统的最优定价和生产决策,并提出改进的数量折扣契约以协调突发事件发生时分散式双渠道供应链系统.结果表明需求扰动的大小和消费者对电子渠道的接受程度对双渠道供应链系统的定价、生产决策和协调契约有着重要影响,另外需求扰动量的变化幅度越大,采取应对措施前后的利润差异越大.最后通过数值分析验证了模型的有效性.     

需求突变情况下的双渠道供应链协调

研究了在直销和通过零售商的传统销售渠道共存的物流服务模式下,一个生产商和一个零售商的协调关系.以最大化供应商的总利润为目标,在假定需求是价格的线性函数的前提下,研究传统供应链需求突变对整个供应链的影响,以及如何通过改变直销链的价格策略来影响供应链的需求,从而实现整个供应网络的供需协调,并为生产商提供了需求突变下的解决方案.最后对契约模型进行了数值仿真分析,给出了契约的选择及参数的求解方法.研究结果表明,在突变程度和成本满足一定的关系时,生产商可以利用直销链来应对零售商需求订单的突变,反之,生产商会选择与零售商改变契约,来共同应对需求突变.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.