汽车非线性半主动悬架系统时滞反馈控制

研究了两自由度非线性悬架系统垂向振动的时滞反馈控制。以汽车1/4车体和单个轮胎的两自由度垂向振动模型为例进行研究;其中非线性主要考虑了汽车悬架刚度的三次及五次非线性。利用多尺度法获得含时滞反馈控制的非线性半主动悬架、车体与轮胎振幅的近似解析表达式。分析时滞反馈控制对悬架系统振动的影响规律;并与不含时滞反馈控制的被动非线性模型进行比较。研究了当外激励频率等于主系统一阶共振频率;并且存在一比五内共振时,车体振动情况。重点分析时滞反馈控制的两个重要参数:时滞反馈增益系数和时滞量对车体振幅的影响;并进行相应的稳定性分析。以某型轿车参数进行数值分析研究,得出当时滞阻尼系数固定为-100 N·s/m时,车体振幅随时滞呈波浪形变化。时滞量τ取在区间[0.15,0.64]上时,车体振幅小于被动系统车体的振幅,表明时滞对系统具有减振作用;而在其他时滞区间上,车体振幅反而会比被动系统的振幅还要大。同时探讨了如何优化设计时滞阻尼系数并计算出相应的最佳时滞,使得主系统的幅度最小。     

高速列车半主动悬挂系统的振动及主动控制

本文对两自由度高速列车半主动悬挂系统的垂向振动进行研究,考虑了二系悬挂中的刚度三次非线性。采用模态设解法、多尺度法得到了振动系统的二次近似解析解及振动系统的平均方程。振动系统的二阶模态振幅远远大于一阶模态的振幅,重点讨论了外激励频率趋近振动系统二阶模态频率时的振动控制情况。对线性系统的时滞反馈控制表明,存下一个最佳的反馈增益系数,无论时滞量如何取值,当反馈增益系数取得该值时,车体的振幅达到最小。对非线性时滞反馈控制,针对某一反馈增益系数,存在时滞的某些减振区间,当时滞量在该区间取值时能够抑制车体的振动。并且存在一些时滞的最佳值,车体的振幅达到最小。研究结果表明,能够利用时滞反馈控制改善悬挂系统的振动特性,达到抑制车体振动的目的。     

两自由度汽车悬架系统振动的理论与实验验证

将汽车悬架系统看成是一个两自由度的质量-弹簧-阻尼振动系统,采用复数向量法获得了车体和轮胎振动的解析解,以及振动系统的一阶和二阶振动模态的频率。在建立的实验模型上,采用锤击法和扫频实验获得了振动系统的一阶和二阶振动模态频率。实验结果与理论分析的结果相吻合,证明了结果的可靠性。研究还发现,悬架系统在振动系统的一阶振动模态频率处的隔振效果不明显,车体仍有较大振幅的振动;然而悬架系统在振动系统的二阶振动模态频率处的隔振效果非常显著,车体振动的幅值很小。研究结果能够为汽车悬架系统的设计以及驾驶员选择合适的路况提供有益的参考。     

高速列车非线性减振系统联合时滞反馈控制

本文主要研究列车运行过程中垂直方向上的非线性振动特性,以及车体振动的时滞反馈主动控制。首先建立二自由度非线性悬挂系统模型,得到系统的运动微分方程,利用模态分析进行解耦,再结合多尺度法求解方程组的近似解析表达式。然后以1：3内共振为例,通过6组外激励和时滞的情况对比研究,分析不同共振频率的外激励项和不同阶数的时滞项对车体振幅的影响。最后通过数值模拟来验证解析结果。研究结果表明,对含有时滞项的非线性振动系统,多频的外激励使车体振幅最大。线性时滞项系统的稳定性比非线性时滞项系统稳定性高,通过调节合理的时滞项,对车体能起到很好的减振作用,车体的减振幅度同被动系统相比最高可以达到68.87%。与之相对的,如果其参数选择不当,车体的振幅将会增大,振动变得更加恶劣。本文的研究结果有助于列车悬挂系统的振动进一步完善,同时也为时滞减振器的设计和研发提供一个新的思考方向。     

时滞反馈下非线性悬架系统的减振特性研究

针对具有时滞减振主动控制技术的非线性悬架,研究时滞和非线性因素对车辆悬架系统减振性能的影响。以一个具有悬架非线性的1/4车辆模型,引入时滞减振主动控制技术,对车身主振动系统进行了减振控制,采用多尺度法推导得出悬架系统振动量与时滞量之间的关系,分析不同振动状态时主系统的振动。利用Routh-Hurwitz判据对悬架系统的稳定性进行判定,得到了系统的稳定性区域。以车身振幅均方根值作为优化目标函数,通过优化设计得到了悬架系统最优时滞反馈系数及时滞量,并在时域下进行仿真分析。仿真结果显示,在简谐激励下和路面随机激励下,有时滞条件下通过调节参数可以使车身加速度均方根值比无时滞时分别降低42.7%和20.9%。研究结果表明通过非线性和时滞反馈联合控制能有效提高悬架系统的减振效果,为悬架系统的仿真分析和优化设计提供了理论依据和设计参考。     

不同位移时滞反馈控制对车身减振的影响

为了研究不同位移时滞反馈控制对车身减振性能的影响。以考虑轮胎阻尼的1/4车辆悬架模型为基础,分别构建车身位移时滞和轮胎位移时滞两种不同状态反馈控制,通过利用劳斯-赫尔维茨稳定性判据和多项式判别理论分别得到不同位移时滞反馈控制系统的稳定性区间。在优化参数范围和约束条件下,以车身加速度、速度和位移为优化目标,采用粒子群算法获得不同控制策略的优化参数。仿真结果表明,相同外部激励下轮胎位移时滞状态反馈控制有较大的稳定性区域和更佳的减振效果,可有效改善车身的振动响应,对进一步研究时滞状态反馈控制在车辆中的应用具有一定的参考价值。     

随机激励下非线性空气悬架系统的混沌振动分析

为了分析路面不平度激励幅值、激励频率、减振器阻尼系数和非线性阻尼系数对空气悬架系统发生分岔和混沌的影响,文章以某客车为研究对象,考虑阻尼非线性和空气弹簧非线性建立单自由度1/4车体空气悬架系统模型,采用相轨迹图、Poincaré映射图、时间历程图、功率谱图和Lyapunov指数验证悬架系统的运动状态。数值仿真表明:路面不平度激励幅值在0.036~0.100m之间悬架系统发生分岔和混沌运动,激励频率在1.50~3.24Hz之间发生跳跃和分岔现象,阻尼系数在0~300N/(m·s-1)之间作混沌运动,非线性阻尼系数的变化没有引起分岔。即路面不平度激励幅值越大,汽车发生混沌运动的可能性越大;减振器阻尼系数越小,汽车越容易发生混沌运动;非线性阻尼系数对汽车发生分岔和混沌的影响较小。     

含分数阶车辆悬架非线性振动最优化控制

针对含两类分数阶微分项的悬架系统非线性振动,提出一种最优化控制方法,并得到最优反馈控制参数的取值范围。以一个带有两类分数阶微分项的非线性单自由度悬架系统为控制对象,引入线性控制参数,采用平均法得到系统的近似解,导出系统的幅频响应特性。分析系统作周期振动的定常解的稳定性,在保证系统存在稳定解的前提下,得到反馈控制参数的取值范围。分别以悬架系统的衰减率和稳定的反馈控制参数取值范围作为最优化控制的目标函数和约束条件,利用最优化方法得到最优反馈控制参数。研究了激励幅值及分数阶微分的变化对反馈控制参数的影响。仿真结果表明:引入控制参数能有效减小悬架系统的主共振幅值,减弱或消除其非线性振动特性;不同的分数阶阶次会对控制参数产生影响,进而影响系统的振动控制效果,其作用不可忽视。研究结果为悬架系统的优化设计提供了理论依据和设计参考。     

采用改进Bingham模型的两自由度汽车悬架动力分析

采用一种改进的Bingham模型描述汽车悬架中的磁流变阻尼力,采用平方非线性模型描述轮胎刚度,通过平均法得到了两自由度汽车悬架系统振动的一次近似解和幅频响应曲线,并进行了数值验证.研究了系统参数对动态轮胎力的影响,结果表明,增加改进的Bingham模型中的参数C1、Fy、Vo都会减小动态轮胎力,但是C1、Fy的影响较大,而Vo的影响较小;平方非线性轮胎刚度系数对动态轮胎力的影响非常小.研究结果可为减小汽车振动、防止道路破坏提供理论参考.     

采用主付钢板弹簧的汽车悬架偏频

采用主付钢板弹簧的汽车悬架系统是非线性的,本文按非线性振动理论讨论前后悬架不能分开成单自由度系统的汽车悬架偏频的计算问题,分别给出了后悬架只有主簧单独工作和主付簧一起工作时汽车的悬架偏频计算公式。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.