车辆分时租赁模式高峰时段用户预约分配模型

租车高峰时段难以合理为用户分配车辆是分时租赁运营商面临的主要问题.针对车辆分时租赁模式下的用户预约分配问题,在对主要影响因素进行分析的基础上,提出了以运营商收益最大化为目标的用户预约分配优化模型,并设计遗传算法对模型进行求解.基于对仿真场景的假设将模型与算法应用于仿真算例中,算例结果表明:遗传算法适用于求解所提出的优化模型,通过对模型求解可以得到租车高峰时段运营商最大收益及相应的最优用户预约分配方案,并且通过比较分析得出模型所得收益优于传统预约分配方法,验证了模型和算法的可行性与实用性.     

分档电价和碳配额激励的含电动汽车微电网优化调度策略

在含电动汽车（Electric Vehicle,EV）微电网的调峰调度中,实施分时电价或实时电价引导EV参与调峰,会导致EV过度响应或响应疲惫现象。为此,本文提出了分档电价协同碳配额激励机制下的含电动汽车微电网博弈优化调度策略。建立了微电网与电动汽车的主从博弈优化调度模型,微电网主体以运行成本最小和极小化负荷均方差为优化目标,考虑新能源发电完全消纳,针对等效净负荷水平制定分档电价并和碳配额协同激励,引导电动汽车在新能源发电余缺时充放电的适度响应;电动汽车用户从体响应微电网激励优化电动汽车充放电行为使其成本最小。采用粒子群算法(particle swarm optimization, PSO)求解优化模型纳什均衡点,获得微电网侧最优分档电价和电动汽车调度策略的集合。通过仿真算例验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于动态分时电价的电动汽车有序充放电调度策略

针对电动汽车无序充放电行为对电网的影响,以及传统的峰谷分时电价容易造成新的负荷高峰、无法考虑电动汽车的动态特性等问题,建立了动态分时电价的有序充放电调度策略。以电动汽车充放电电价、电动汽车充放电状态和充放电功率为决策变量,构建了以电动汽车充放电成本最小、电动汽车接入造成的网络损耗最小和节点电压偏差最小为优化目标的电动汽车充放电调度数学模型,并通过凸优化算法解决了多变量、多目标和高维优化问题;综合考虑电动汽车充电需求和配电网运行约束,在改进的IEEE33节点系统中进行算例验证。结果表明,动态分时电价克服了传统峰谷分时电价下的弊端,能够根据电动汽车的动态特性来调整电价。所提调度策略融合了灵敏度分析方法,可大幅缩短调度过程中潮流计算的时间,并能有效降低电动汽车的充放电成本以及电动汽车接入对网络损耗和节点电压的影响,对于含电动汽车的电网实际调度具有一定的参考意义。     

考虑大规模电动汽车入网的经济调度问题

针对大规模的电动汽车无序入网充电导致电力系统运行不稳定的问题,提出了基于峰谷分时电价进行有序充放电的策略,该策略考虑了电动汽车用户的响应程度对其实际应用的影响。具体阐述了峰谷分时电价划分的方法和用户充放电时刻的选择。根据电动汽车时空分布规律,分别构建了电动汽车无序充电和基于峰谷分时电价的有序充放电模型。从微网系统和用户侧两方面建立了以微网系统运行成本、系统负荷波动、车主充电成本为目标函数的经济调度模型。采用粒子群算法对算例模型进行求解,得到了不同充放电方式下电动汽车和其各分布式微源的出力结果,验证了有序充放电策略的有效性和可行性。研究结果表明峰谷分时电价机制下的有序充电明显优于无序充电,电动汽车车主对有序充电的响应程度越高,越能提高微网系统的经济效益和环境效益。     

智能电网环境下多电动汽车协同充电优化调度算法

大量电动汽车通过居民侧家庭能源管理系统接入电网充电时,若各用户独自对充电过程进行优化,会使充电负荷集中在低电价时段,形成巨大的负荷峰值,造成变压器和线路严重超载,威胁电力系统的稳定运行。引入了一种智能电网环境下电动汽车协同充电模式,建立了最小化用户用电费用的最优充电模型,提出了一种多电动汽车协同充电优化调度算法。该算法能有效避免用户独自优化调度时出现的弊端,同时显著降低用户的充电费用。通过仿真实验验证了算法的有效性。     

考虑电动汽车及需求侧响应的综合能源系统优化调度

为了提高综合能源系统的运行经济性和可再生能源消纳能力,建立基于分时电价的价格型电负荷需求侧响应模型,根据用户对温度感知的模糊性,建立热力柔性负荷模型以及计及电动汽车出行规律的电动汽车有序充放电模型。同时采用场景分析法考虑新能源出力的不确定性。提出一种需求侧响应和电动汽车协同作用的双层随机优化调度模型。上层模型利用分时电价激励的价格型需求侧响应,以净负荷波动性最小为目标函数,得到优化后的电负荷曲线。下层计及柔性热负荷与电动汽车作用,以调度周期内系统总成本为目标决策各个机组的出力情况,仿真算例表明所建立的综合能源系统调度模型能够有效提高了系统风电、光伏发电消纳能力,降低了系统运行成本。     

考虑电动汽车用户响应的微网经济调度

针对电动汽车接入微电网后的经济调度问题,对微电网可分布式电源的出力进行了研究。首先分析电动汽车的行驶特性,在其无序充电负荷模型的基础上,建立了同时考虑电动汽车用户响应度和用户满意度的峰谷分时电价电动汽车有序充放电模型。然后构建一个含电动汽车及风、光、燃气轮机和柴油机的微网系统,以实现微网经济性和环保性运行为双重优化目标,采用改进粒子群算法,来得到不同控制策略下的优化调度结果。仿真结果表明,电动汽车有序充放电,可以有效实现削峰填谷,并且可以在保证良好环境效益的同时提高微网运行的经济性。     

含光、储、电动汽车居民小区电力负荷综合管理系统

电动汽车、小型光伏发电装置在居民配电系统获得日益广泛的应用,改变了居民负荷需求特征,给现有系统带来一系列问题.为提高居民小区光伏利用率,引导电动汽车有序充电,针对含光、储及电动汽车的居民小区,研究光伏出力及电动汽车充电行为的不确定性及特征,利用集中设置的储能装置,在不改变既有配电系统一次拓扑结构的前提下,构造居民小区电力负荷综合能源管理系统,并提出直接和间接负荷控制相结合的综合能源管理控制和调度策略.该系统及其控制策略利用分时电价机制间接调节电动汽车充电行为,避免夜间充电高峰;利用合理设置的集中储能装置,通过直接控制,转移多余光伏出力,充分消纳光伏出力,同时达到最大化用户收益和解决变压器白天光伏反向送电过载问题的目的.以实际居民小区实测数据为基础,对不同场景的仿真分析验证了方法的可行性和有效性.     

基于Vissim的共享电动汽车交通流出行仿真

共享电动汽车作为公共交通手段的新兴选择及其所具有的广阔前景与市场，研究其出行数据和出行规律具有重要意义。针对具有代表性的特定路段（特大城市郊区主道路口），采集共享电动汽车实际出行数据，设计了一种基于实际场景筛选提取有效数据的方法，并通过对有效数据的研究揭示了共享电动汽车相关的出行特征情况。在此基础上，实地摄录采集并统计了基本交通数据，针对早晚高峰和其他时间搭建了路口的仿真模型，设计了预测路口和路段共享电动汽车的最大出行量的方法，完成了仿真预测实验，在一定程度上验证了共享电动汽车出行特征的分析结果。研究结果对分时租赁公司相关运营策略具有指导意义，并可为用户出行时间及路线提供选择。     

基于分时电价的用户侧光伏储能系统容量配置

光伏与储能系统的配合使用已经是一种趋势，在用户侧合理配置光伏电池与储能电池的容量，可以明显提高用户的经济效益。为了提高用户在分时电价下的经济效益，本文基于用户侧典型日光伏发电曲线与典型日用户负荷特征曲线，结合用户分时电价，设计储能系统的能量调度策略，建立经济优化模型，并基于量子粒子群优化算法对模型进行求解，得出光伏与储能系统的最优容量。仿真分析和结果表明，本文方法可以明显提高分时电价条件下用户的经济效益，对大电网的削峰填谷也有一定的积极作用。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.