两相体系中长链烯烃氢甲酰化反应研究--膦配体对活性和选择性的影响

在温和条件下合成了两种水溶性膦配体：三(4-甲氧基-3-磺酸钠苯基)膦(简称：4-MOTPPTS)和三(2-甲氧基-3-磺酸钠苯基)膦(简称：2-MOTPPTS)．在水／有机两相体系中，以RhCl(CO)(TPPTS)2为催化剂前体，考察了4-MOTPPTS和2-MOTPPTS作为配体时，膦／铑摩尔比、反应温度和压力变化对1-十二烯氢甲酰化反应催化性能的影响．结果表明，与三(3-磺酸钠苯基)膦(简称TPPTS)相比，在苯环上引入甲氧基后，其供电特性使催化剂对烯烃氢甲酰化反应的活性和生成醛的选择性不利，而邻位甲氧基的引入所造成的空间位阻，使2-MOTPPTS表现出较4-MOTPPTS更低的催化活性和选择性．但与相应的油溶性膦配体相比，对生成醛的选择性明显增加．     

两相体系混合丁烯的氢甲酰化反应研究

研究了水溶性铑膦配合物RhCl(CO)(TPPTS)2在水/有机两相体系中对混合丁烯氢甲酰化反应的催化性能.主要考察了温度、压力、膦铑比、表面活性剂等因素的变化对催化性能的影响.结果表明,阳离子表面活性剂的加入,能明显提高底物转化率;CO分压增大,对丁烯 1双键异构有抑制作用.在100℃,2.0MPa(CO/H2=1),TPPTS/Rh25,[Rh]1.024×10-3mol/L的条件下,反应4h底物转化率接近35%,产物醛的正异比5.4.     

水溶性铑-膦配合物催化苯乙烯的氢甲酰化反应

以水溶性铑膦配合物RhCl(CO)(TPPTS)2[TPPTS:P(m-C6H4SO3Na)3]为催化剂，在水／有机两相体系中，在TPPTS和表面活性剂TBAC存在下，研究了该体系对苯忆烯氢甲酰化反应的催化性能，采用十四烷基苄基苄基氯化胺（TBAC）与十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）组成的混合胶束调整反应微环境，显著提高了苯乙烯的经和生成正构醛的选择性，在90℃，2.0MPa，TBAC／SDS＝12，V水／V烯＝3的条件下反应两小时苯乙烯的转化率为98.3%，醛的异／正比为1.30。提高反应温度至110℃，在0.5MPa下反应，生成正构醛的选择性明显提高，产物中正构苯丙醛含量达69%。     

两相体系中含氮双齿膦配体对1-十二烯氢甲酰化反应的影响

含氮双齿膦配体(Ph2PCH2)2NCH2CH2OCH2CH2NHCH2CH2PO3Na2(以A表示)在1-十二烯的氢甲酰化反应中的实验结果表明双膦配体的螯合作用降低了催化活性和有利于直链醛的生成.A与水溶性催化剂RhCl(CO)(TPPTS)2在合成气氛下发生配体交换后,形成配合物HRh(CO)(A)(TPPTS),其催化活性比单膦-铑配合物的催化活性更低.又由于双膦与铑配位后形成的络合物中铑的配位空间更拥挤,因此1-十二烯的端碳原子更容易与铑中心络合配位,形成直链烷基-铑络合物,使得产物醛中直链醛的含量增大.     

水溶性铑-膦配合物催化丙烯酸丁酯的氢甲酰化反应

讨论了有关参数(温度、Rh／TPPTS比率、催化剂浓度、压力、甲苯／水体积比、不同溶剂、CO与H2分压比)对丙烯酸丁酯的氢甲酰化反应的影响，得到了一些规律性的结论。首次研究了水溶性双膦配体BDPXSNa和BISBISNa在丙烯酸丁酯氢甲酰化反应中对催化剂的催化活性和选择性的影响。     

水溶性铑羰基配合物催化丙烯酸丁酯的氢甲酰化反应

在两相催化体系水／甲苯中，考察了反应温度、配体与催化剂摩尔比率、氢气／一氧化碳压力比对铑羰基配合物与水溶性膦配体催化丙烯酸丁酯的氢甲酰化反应的催化活性和选择性的影响，并比较了单膦配体(TPPTS)和双膦配体(BDPXS)的催化性能。     

1-丁烯高效氢甲酰化制戊醛的工艺条件探索

以WHF-0.5自控高压釜为反应器,以质量分数为97%的正戊醛作为反应溶剂,采用乙酰丙酮三苯基膦羰基铑(Cat)和配体三苯基膦(PPh3)作为催化剂体系,探讨能够同时达到高转化率和高正异比的1 丁烯氢甲酰化制戊醛的最优工艺条件。本文对能够影响1-丁烯氢甲酰化制戊醛反应的8个单因素进行了实验考评并对部分重要因素进行了正交实验,结果表明：在反应温度100℃、反应压力2.5MPa、搅拌速率200r/min、反应时间3.5h、溶剂用量125mL（25%）、膦铑(P/Rh)物质的量之比600、1-丁烯用量10mL（0.2393mol/L）和催化剂浓度125mmol/L的条件下,1-丁烯的转化率达8684%,产物正异比(mN/mI)达10.98,催化剂的转化频率237.48h-1。     

丁烯氢甲酰化制备低正异比混合戊醛新型催化剂开发及反应动力学的研究

将自主开发的低正异比（N/I）氢甲酰化催化（HY-IH）体系用于丁烯氢甲酰化合成制戊醛.通过小试工艺优化,2-甲基丁醛选择性大于50%（即N/I约为1∶1）,远高于国内现有工业装置3%~10%的水平.同时,得到反应速率与丁烯浓度、反应温度和催化剂铑（Rh）浓度的相关动力学方程.通过连续模试反应对小试动力学进行了修正,为工业化装置设计提供了依据.     

均相体系中含氮双齿膦配体对1-十二烯氢甲酰化反应的影响

含氮双齿膦配体(ph2PCH2)2NCH2CH2OCH2CH2NHCH2CH2PO3Na2(以A表示)在1-十二烯的氢甲酰化反应中的实验结果表明双膦配体的螯合作用降低了催化活性以及双膦-铑配合物有利于直链醛的生成.A与油溶性催化剂HRh(CO)(PPh3)3在合成气氛下发生配体交换形成配合物HRh(CO)(A)(PPh3),其催化活性比单膦-铑配合物的催化活性更低.由于双膦与铑配位后形成的络合物中铑的配位空间更拥挤,因此1-十二烯的端碳原子更容易与铑中心络合配位,形成直链烷基-铑络合物,使得产物醛中直链醛的含量增大.     

水溶性钌-钯双金属催化剂催化卤代芳香硝基化合物选择性加氢

考察了水溶性Ru／Pd—TPPTS双金属催化剂催化卤代芳香硝基化合物的加氢性能．实验结果表明，在原位合成的Ru—TPPTS催化体系中添加PdCl2后，催化剂的活性明显提高，尤其是0．50Ru／0．50Pd—TPPTS双金属催化剂表现出显著的钌和钯之间的双金属协同效应．在PB2=1．0MPa，70℃，反应70min的条件下，双金属催化剂0．50Ru／0．50Pd—TPPTS催化对-氯硝基苯中硝基选择性加氢反应时转化率达到100％，生成对-氯苯胺选择性为92．3％．对于取代基和取代位置不同的一些卤代硝基苯加氢，双金属催化剂0．50Ru／0．50Pd—TPPTS也表现出很高的催化活性和较高的生成卤代苯胺选择性．     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.