陕西长安县杨湾剖面黄土含水条件研究

根据长安县杨湾村黄土剖面含水层的调查和含水量，孔隙度测定，研究了黄土含水层的分布和含水手条件。结果表明，该剖面黄土地层含水量变化代表了与以往研究不同的变化类型，含水量峰值出现在黄土层中，低值出现在红色古土壤层中；从上向下含水量与孔隙度呈波动变化规律，在约60万年来的黄土地层中出现的四个含水层均由黄土层构成，隔水层主要为红古土壤上部裂隙少的粘化层。     

西安东郊和蓝田偏白村剖面黄土含水量研究

通过对蓝田县偏白村和西安东郊刘家坡黄土剖面的观测和含水量的测定,研究了黄土含水量变化.结果表明,偏白村黄土地层与刘家坡黄土地层中含水量代表了两种不同的变化类型,偏白村黄土层含水量高,红色古土壤层含水量低;刘家坡黄土层含水量低,红色古土壤含量高.黄土层比红色古土壤层更利于地下水富集,黄土层为含水层,红色古土壤层为隔水层.黄土、古土壤含水性与含水量和古气候密切相关.     

冶金材料类专业工程力学创新性实验的构建

探讨了冶金与材料类专业的工程力学创新性实验的内涵。建立了系列力学创新性平台综述了国外创新性实验现状。开展了力学创新实验项目和创新能力的考核。针对冶金与材料类专业力学创新性实验,提出了冶金与材料的专业实验与工程力学实验相结合,科研项目与创新平台及开放实验室相结合。实践证明了这是切实可行的工程力学创新实验教学模式。     

中国黄土区东亚古季风气候与冰期气候对比研究

研究了中国黄土区冰期气候与季风气候记录;进行了黄土磁化率与大洋δ１８Ｏ曲线对比,并且将黄土组合—古土壤组合与冰期－间冰期气候进行了比较。结果表明：黄土组合与古土壤组合记录了冰期气候与间冰期气候;中国黄土—古土壤堆积是全球冰期—间冰期气候变化与东亚古季风气候变化共同作用的结果。     

祁临高速公路强夯振动压实黄土的力学性质分析

目的为黄土地带高速公路建设提供黄土动力学依据和优选新的施工法。方法以山西境内祈临高速公路北张沟高填路段为例,主要从黄土的结构特点和力学性质上分析,并通过现场及室内实验论证,综合比新法与常规法的异同点。结果强夯压实法在黄土地基加固处理中具有合理性与有效性,随着夯击能量的增大,压缩模量显著增大;击数越大,强度增长幅度也越大,但击实功过大会使试件的初期强度降低;压实力大于300 kPa时,随龄期变化很明显;静力触探结果表明强夯压实后黄土强度显著提高。结论强夯振动压实法简单、实用,能快速有效地提高黄土地基和路基的强度,确保工程实施的安全性。     

黄土物理性质变化规律研究

研究了黄土孔隙度和湿陷性在垂向上变化的规律和原因 .结果表明 ,孔隙度高和湿陷强的层位是风化成壤弱的黄土层 ,孔隙度低和湿陷弱的层位是红色古土壤或风化成壤强的黄土层 .第四纪冷干与温湿气候的交替和由此产生的成壤过程的变化是造成黄土地层孔隙度和湿陷性波动变化的根本原因 .黄土湿陷性是在干旱与半干旱地区弱的成壤过程中产生的 ,是草原地带灰黄色土壤具有的特征 .     

高温作用对大理岩强度及变形特性影响的实验研究

采用液压伺服刚性岩石力学实验系统对100～800℃高温作用下大理岩的强度及变形特性进行了室内实验研究，并取得了大理岩的单轴抗压强度、弹性模量、变形模量、泊松比等有效实验数据．在此基础上，比较系统地分析了大理岩在经历100～800℃高温作用后其强度及变形特征变化的统计规律和作用机理．研究结果表明：随着作用温度升高，上述各力学参数不同程度上渐次降低，尤其是在不同温度段岩石强度降低具有突变性．     

水土作用模式对残积红粘土力学性质的影响分析

研究了残积红粘土特殊的物理化学性质及结构特征,通过试验分析了在含水量变化模式、水化学作用模式、干湿交替作用模式和渗流作用模式下红粘土力学性质的变异性,得出以下结论:①含水量的变化对红粘土的粘聚力(c)和内摩擦角(φ)值都有影响,且对c值的影响远大于对φ值的影响;②红粘土的力学性质随着周围环境的变化而发生变异,其c、φ值和pH值呈良好线性关系,酸性水溶液使红粘土强度提高,碱性水溶液使红粘土的强度降低;③在干湿交替作用下,红粘土的结构性得到一定程度的破坏,主要受围压及侧向应力的影响;④渗流作用可以影响土体强度,红粘土在干湿交替作用后出现了裂缝,裂缝的发育增强了渗流作用对土体强度的影响程度。     

陇东庆阳西峰地区黄土湿陷性分析

黄土的湿陷性是一个复杂的物理化学变化过程,其影响因素也是多方面的,其中黄土特殊的物理力学性质与其湿陷性就有着密切的关系。首先对陇东庆阳西峰地区某场地布置的探井所揭露的地层条件进行了概述,然后选取部分探井内扰动黄土样做了矿化成分试验。结果发现研究区黄土中易溶盐总含量很少,对研究区黄土湿陷性基本无影响。接着通过对研究区多组原状黄土样的室内试验数据进行大规模的统计分析,总结了研究区黄土的不同物理力学性质指标随黄土埋藏深度的变化规律;并根据所取土样的湿陷性试验结果对该区黄土进行了湿陷性评价。最后在此基础上对该区黄土湿陷系数与其不同物理力学性质指标间的关系作了探讨,认为这些指标反映了黄土的物质成分、结构特征和当前的赋存状态等属性,对研究区黄土湿陷性有不同程度的影响,这也为该区黄土场地的建设提供一定的理论指导参考。     

中国风尘沉积环境磁学研究现状

中国黄土-古土壤-红黏土序列完整记录了7.5 Ma以来东亚季风演化历史。黄土-古土壤的低频磁化率已成为东亚夏季风演化的代用指标之一,并得到广泛的应用和全球对比。虽然古土壤磁化率增强的成土观点已得到广泛认可,但磁化率与成壤强度的相关性还不是十分清楚,磁化率应用方面仍存在问题。磁化率与成壤强度、生物化学作用和古气候关系尚在研究中。     

末次间冰期陇西黄土记录与气候不稳定性问题的初步研究

陕西黄土高原黄土记录的分辩率较高，Ｓ１古土壤厚达８．５ｍ，主要由两个古土壤组和其间黄土层组成。临夏塬堡剖面上可分为５个古土壤层，主要黄土层记录了末次间冰期内的较干冷高粉尘堆积时期。     

咸阳市区晚更新世黄土微结构特征及其环境意义

目的揭示咸阳市区晚更新世黄土的微结构特征,探讨黄土微结构特征与其形成环境的关系,为区域环境提供科学依据。方法应用粒度分析和扫描电子显微镜对咸阳市区晚更新世黄土．古土壤系列的微结构进行分析研究。结果粒度小于0．005 mm的黏粒级含量在黄土与古土壤中差异最大,S1古土壤高达39．7％,而L1黄土仅24％;S1古土壤黏粒中大量铁质黏粒胶膜呈流胶状出现并有次生伊利石的产出,结构密实;L1黄土微骨架颗粒相互支架,黏粒胶结物含量较少,胶结程度差,土质疏松。结论咸阳市区晚更新世S1古土壤形成在湿热的森林环境,L1黄土形成于干冷的草原环境,S0黑垆土形成于凉湿气候环境。     

Comparisons of grain size characteristics of red earth from southern China with that of loess and dune sand from Beijing region

The comparisons of grain size distributions among eolian deposits along the monsoon wind trajectory are a fundamental task for the reconstruction of the past wind regimes. Here the authors sampled the dune sands in Hunsandak desert, loess deposits in Beijing region and red earth in southern China. Grain size analyses show that the distribution models of the loess and dune sand samples are unimodal whereas the red earth and paleosol are polymodal. The red earth, paleosol, loess and dune samples are distinguished and closely related to one another in grain size parameter diagrams. Moreover, the grain size distributions and parameters of the red earth and paleosol are similar, implying that the red earth in southern China and the paleosol in northern China had the same origin.     

Comparisons of grain size characteristics of red earth from southern China with that of loess and dune sand from Bering region

The comparisons of grain size distributions among eolian deposits along the monsoon wind trajectory are a fundamental task for the reconstruction of the past wind regimes. Here the authors sampled the dune sands in Hunsandak desert, loess deposits in Beijing region and red earth in southern China. Grain size analyses show that the distribution models of the loess and dune sand samples are unimodal whereas the red earth and paleosol are polymodal. The red earth, paleosol, loess and dune samples are distinguished and closely related to one another in grain size parameter diagrams. Moreover, the grain size distributions and parameters of the red earth and paleosol are similar, implying that the red earth in southern China and the paleosol in northern China had the same origin.     

A paleosol classification with the inclusion of ancient arctic and subarctic region soils

Paleosol identification is simplified by considering soil as a natural body with internal organization and a history of formation. This definition assumes that we accept paleosols as soils. In a paleosol classification, inclusion of the cold region paleosols at the suborder level places temperature (climate) in balance with the other soil forming factors. Because ancient temperatures were not recorded, we use soil and parent material properties as proxies to identify ancient soils from Arctic and Subarctic regions. The properties include permafrost and cryoturbation features as well as those resulting from glacial processes. These features generally persist through later cycles of soil formation as climate has changed. Examples both within and beyond the glacial borders in Wyoming, Illinois, and Indiana, USA are presented and classified using an arctic paleosol suborder modifier, the formative element.     

Reconstruction of the spatial patterns of desert/loess boundary belt in North China during the Holocene

The desert/loess boundary belt is the transi-tional region between desert and loess, where aeolian sandand loess interlock in space and alternate in time. It, being seriously unstable in space-time, sensitive to climatic changes and with fragile ecological environment, is an ideal region for studying the global climate change. There are deposi-tional sequences of paleosol with sub-horizontal interbedded aeolian sand and loess, and the stratigraphical evidences show that there widely exist 3—4 layers paleosol in sand lands of northeastern China, 4—5 layers in Mu Us Sandy Land and Hunshandake Sandy Land, more than 4 layers in the Qinghai Lake region and the Gonghe Basin of Qinghai Province during the Holocene. These indicate that the desert has experienced several times of extending and compacting, along with which the desert/loess boundary belt vibrated. It possesses good coherence with global climate change and eustasy. The coherence shows that the monsoon change in East Asia is the primary driving factor for the swing of desert/loess boundary belt. Besides, human influence con-stantly intensified the swing of the belt, especially in the south of Mu Us Sandy Land during the 2000—3000 aBP.     

A tropical paleosol at high elevation in the Yulong Mountains and its implication on the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau

A paleosol dated for about 500–700 kaBP and developed on a glacial deposit at ～3 000 m a.s.l. in the Yulong Mountains is studied using soil chemical, morphological and mineralogical methods. The analytical results indicate that this soil was formed under tropical and humid conditions and can be classified as red soil, which cannot be formed in the present alpine environment at the studied site. This implies that the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau has experienced intense uplift since the formation of the paleosol. According to the necessary conditions for the formation of the modern red soil in China, we estimate that the uplift height of the Plateau since 500–700 kaBP would have exceeded 800 m.     

击实黄土的工程性质试验研究

用常规击实方法制备不同夯击能量下的土样,来研究击实黄土的工程性质.试验结果表明,击实黄土的压缩模量、粘聚力及内摩擦角随击实功的增大而增大;不同击实功下土样的强度随龄期呈增长趋势,但其增长幅度与试验过程中的压应力大小有关;同一龄期土样的粘聚力随击实功变化幅度较大,而内摩擦角随击实功变化幅度较小.     

皖南风尘堆积—古土壤序列磁化率初步研究

将北方黄土研究中广泛应用的磁化率参数引入江南第四纪风尘堆积区研究,对安徽宣城风尘堆积－古土壤序列向阳剖面进行了系统的磁化率化采样、测试,根据该剖面磁化率及其曲线的变化特征,对其古气候指示意义进行了初步的探讨．