供应链排序中的外包问题 (运筹学与控制论)

为了更好地将供应链排序和现实生活结合以体现其应用价值,文章研究了一类可以外包的供应链排序模型。外包即指为了提升效率,节省总费用,而采取将工件由其它制造商代替加工的现象。所有的工件均可以在制造商内部加工也可以进行外包加工,外包工件加工完成后必须分批运回制造商才算完工。所研究的模型中有一个制造商和一个外包商,制造商的加工环境为m台平行机,外包商为单台机器。因此在模型中要考虑外包费用、运输延迟以及运输费用,所要做的就是确定外包工件以及工件的加工顺序和外包工件的配送顺序。对于该问题,本文主要研究了目标函数分别为总完工时间、最大延迟以及误工总数的情形;分析了问题的复杂性,运用动态规划的技巧给出了最优算法且分析了算法的时间复杂性。     

带有安装时间以及可分批加工的供应链排序问题

研究了单制造商多客户的供应链排序问题;同一客户的工件可以分批进行加工,不同客户的工件不可以在一批中加工;当相邻的两批工件属于不同客户时则需要相应的安装时间.以生产和运输总费用最小为目标函数,建立了集成排序模型;分别用工件的加权总完工时间和最大延迟作为排序目标,采用动态规划的技巧给出了最优算法,并分析算法复杂性.     

带有安装时间和学习效应的供应链排序问题

考虑了机器带有安装时间和具有学习效应的单机供应链排序问题.在一条供应链系统中,有单个制造商和多个客户,不同的客户订购不同种类的工件,机器加工不同种类的工件前需要一个安装时间,且加工相同客户的工件时具有学习效应,即随着工件的加工后面工件的实际加工时间逐渐减小.完工的工件需要成批运输给相应的客户,每一批运输都有相应的时间和费用.目标是分别极小化加权最大配送时间、总配送时间、最大延迟时间与总运输费用的和.给出了相应的算法,并分析了算法的复杂性.     

带有安装时间的多制造商多客户的供应链排序问题

考虑了多制造商多客户的供应链排序问题.由于工件属于不同的种类,同一制造商在加工不同种类工件之前要有一个安装时间.由同一制造商为同一客户加工的工件可分批运输,每一批都有相应的运输时间和费用.以总加权配送时间和总运输费用之和作为优化的目标,给出了有效的动态规划算法,并证明了此算法是多项式可解的.     

基于成比例退化效应的单机供应链排序问题

研究具有退化效应的供应链排序问题.工件的实际加工时间是关于该工件开始时间的成比例线性增函数,工件在机器上加工完后被分批配送到相应的客户.两个目标分别是极小化总完工时间加总配送费用和极小化加权总完工时间加总配送费用.分别给出了两个问题最优序的性质,设计了动态规划算法并分析了算法的复杂性.     

带有准备时间的可拒绝供应链排序

考虑可拒绝排序中生产与配送的集成问题.有一个制造商和多个客户,不同的客户订购不同种类的工件.机器在加工不同种类的工件前要有一个准备时间.对于客户的工件制造商可以选择接受或拒绝加工,但当工件被拒绝时制造商需要支付相应的拒绝费用.每个工件有自己的工期并且生产完成后需要配送到相应的客户处,每一批配送需要花费一定的时间和费用.该文研究了排序理论中几个主要的目标函数,给出了相应的动态规划算法并分析了算法的复杂性.     

单机上考虑运输的退化工件的在线排序问题

研究了单台机器上工件具有可退化效应并考虑工件运输的在线排序问题.工件按时间在线到达.这些工件先在机器上加工,完工的工件再由一台运输车辆将其运送给顾客.排序问题的目标是最小化最大运输完工时间.对于所讨论的排序模型,给出了问题的下界并给出达到下界的最好可能的在线算法.     

带有学习效应的多客户配送的供应链排序问题

针对机器具有学习效应，且需要多客户配送的供应链排序模型。在这一模型中，机器上工件加工时学习效应会发生，工件的实际加工时间是与其位置相关的减函数。客户需要接纳与其对应的完工工件，每一批次的工件完工后完需要配送，然而配送都会花费一些时间以及费用。由于需要配送的大量客户，为了尽量节约资源，减少车次数量以及运输次数，所以运输车辆都要尽可能多的装载货物才开始运输。在针对一台运输车辆内装载有不超过两个客户的工件情况，研究的目标函数为极小化总流程时间和极小化最大延迟时间，并对这两个问题分别给出了相应的动态规划算法。
     

有安装时间的单机排序问题

工件具有安装时间的排序问题最近几年受到越来越多的关注,主要讨论了一类有安装时间且与加工位置有关的单机排序模型。在该模型中,所有工件在机器上加工时,一次只能加工一个工件,工件的相邻加工工序之间不允许出现空闲,工件的实际加工时间不是一成不变的,它不仅与工件的基本加工时间有关,同时还与工件所处的加工位置有关,工件的安装时间是依赖于已加工工件的实际加工时间的简单函数,即p-s-d形式。对目标函数为极小化最大完工时间,极小化完工时间和以及极小化总完工时间差等问题进行讨论,分别给出了多项式算法和算法复杂性。还证明了对于目标函数为完工时间,提前完工时间以及误工时间的加权和最小化问题是多项式可解的。     

工件可拒绝的分批配送问题研究

考虑工件可拒绝的分批配送问题:一个制造商为一个客户加工n个工件,每个工件既可以被接受加工,也可以被拒绝加工(但要支付拒绝费用),工件加工完之后要安排车辆运送给客户,完工时间为工件送达客户的时间.目标函数为被接受工件的总完工时间、总配送费用和被拒绝工件的总拒绝费用三者之和,文中对处理机为单机的情形给出了多项式时间算法,且证明了两台平行机的情形下该问题是NP-完备的,并给出了伪多项式时间算法.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.