多壁碳纳米管促进的甲苯加氢脱芳高效Pt基催化剂

开发了一类以CNTs-γ-Al2O3复合材料为载体的高效催化甲苯加氢脱芳的Pt基催化剂.实验结果表明,适量添加少量的CNTs能显著提高Pt基催化剂催化甲苯加氢脱芳的活性.经组分优化的1.0%(质量分数)Pt/8%CNTs-γ-Al2O3催化剂上,在2.0MPa、363K、V(C7H8)∶V(H2)=1∶6.7、1 035L/(h·g)的反应条件下,甲苯转化率可达85.9%,时空收率为501.7g/(h·g),分别是相同条件下γ-Al2O3、CNTs、γ-Al2O3(商品)和SiO2负载催化剂上相应值(458.9、445.1、435.8和406.3g/(h·g))的1.09、1.13、1.15和1.24倍.进一步,联合多种谱学表征技术对催化剂进行表征,探讨CNTs对促进催化剂催化芳烃加氢的作用本质.研究结果表明,以CNTs-γ-Al2O3为载体的工作态Pt基催化剂上甲苯加氢脱芳的表观活化能与系列常规载体负载的参比体系上的相应值基本一致,表明少量CNTs的添加并不改变催化反应途径,但却提升了工作态催化剂表面具有催化活性的Pt0物种在表面总Pt量中所占比例;与γ-Al2O3负载的参比体系相比,CNTs-γ-Al2O3负载的Pt基催化剂增强的催化加氢活性可能源于CNTs对氢的适度吸附、活化及溢流性能.     

纳米Cu/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂制备与选择催化还原NO性能

采用NH4Al(SO4)2、NH4HCO3和NH3.H2O为原料沉淀制备γ-Al2O3,然后浸渍负载活性组分Cu2+,制成纳米Cu/γ-Al2O3催化剂,并考察其催化性能.SEM测试结果表明:制得的纳米Cu/γ-Al2O3催化剂粒径均小于100 nm.活性测试结果表明:在pH值为8.5时制备的γ-Al2O3负载上3%Cu2+的纳米Cu/γ-Al2O3催化剂性能最佳,在275℃时能使NO的转化率达到82.3%,与普通Cu/γ-Al2O3催化剂相比较,最佳活性温度降低了25℃,NO最大转化率提高了31.8%.     

烟气直接还原脱硫催化剂研究

实验考察了Cr2O3、MoO3、WO3三种单组分氧化物催化剂，以及四种不同催化载体对SO2直接催化还原的影响，结果表明它们的活性相差很大，WO3的活性最差，MoO3的活性最高；具有酸碱双功能的γ-Al2O3载体是催化脱硫的最佳载体．此外，制备了三种双组分金属氧化物负载催化剂，其催化脱硫活性顺序是：Mo—Co／γ-Al2O3＞Mo—Fe／γ-Al2O3＞Mo—No／γ-Al2O3；Mo—Co双组分催化比单组分MoO3具有优越性，在250—400℃范围内，SO2脱除率达90％以上，不仅催化脱硫活性比较高，而且催化剂不易失活．     

Cu/Ce-Zr-La/γ-Al_2O_3的制备及其三效催化性能

将AlNH4(SO4)2溶液滴入到NH4HCO3和PEG6000的混合溶液中,用沉淀法制备γ-Al2O3载体.然后用等体积浸渍法分别负载上Ce-Zr-La以及活性组分Cu,制备催化剂Cu/Ce-Zr-La/γ-Al2O3.考察该催化剂的三效催化性能,并借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG)等方法研究催化剂活性与结构的关系.实验结果表明:Cu/Ce-Zr-La/γ-Al2O3具有良好的三效催化性能,NO、CO和C3H6的起燃温度都较低,分别为250℃、150℃和300℃;CeO2-ZrO2对载体γ-Al2O3和活性组分Cu具有稳定作用,避免了CuAl2O4尖晶石相的生成;La能够显著提高催化剂的热稳定性.     

合成噻吩的催化剂制备

对噻吩催化剂K2O-Cr2O3/γ-Al2O3的制备进行研究．分析了以正丁醇和二硫化碳为原料合成噻吩时，催化剂的制备方法、碱质量含量和铬质量含量等对催化剂性能的影响．以γ—Al2O3为载体，采用分步等体积浸渍法，依次吸附铬酸和硝酸钾，制得的催化剂性能较好，且具有很好的重现性．当载体粒度为40～60目时，活性组分Cr2O3的质量分数为4．17％，助剂K2O质量分数为4.9％，制得的催化剂单程寿命为20h，噻吩收率为53．7％，超过了国外同类产品42％的收率。     

丙酮气相一步合成3,5-二甲基苯酚

采用浸渍法制备了K2O-MgO/γ-Al2O3催化剂,在固定床连续反应器上考查了MgO负载量对丙酮一步合成3,5-二甲基苯酚的催化性能的影响;并且,通过XRD(X-RayDiffraction)和N2-TPD对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,在H2保护下,反应温度480℃,压力5.51625×105Pa,空速2.4h-1条件下,3wt%K2O-10wt%MgO/γ-Al2O3具有较好的催化效果,丙酮单程转化率为67.73%,3,5-二甲基苯酚选择性达34.45%。XRD图谱表明,尖晶石MgAl2O4的形成对3,5-二甲基苯酚的选择性有一定的影响,且K2O能中和γ-Al2O3表面的酸中心,使活性组分更好地分散于载体上。N2-TPD结果表明,催化剂比表面积的增加,有利于催化剂与反应物的充分接触,可提高目标产物3,5-二甲基苯酚的选择性。     

复合载体对Ni基甲烷化催化剂性能的影响

通过对Ni基甲烷化催化剂的不同复合载体进行研究发现:与纯γ-Al2O3载体相比,由ZrO2,MgO,SiO2,TiO2与γ-Al2O3复合形成的复合载体,均对CO甲烷化催化性能有一定影响,而以γ-Al2O3/MgO,γ-Al2O3/SiO2两种复合型载体对CO甲烷化活性和选择性促进最为明显。同时,γ-Al2O3/MgO复合载体表现出良好的热稳定性,催化剂活性衰减小。     

SO_2对NO催化氧化过程的影响 I.载体的作用

研究了载体在 SO2 影响 NO催化氧化过程中的作用 ,考察了反应温度为 42 3 K时 ,γ-Al2 O3、Zr O2 、Ti O2 和 Si O2 4种载体及其负载的 Pt催化剂对 NO的氧化性能 ,与 SO2 存在下的 NO反应活性相比 ,只有 γ-Al2 O3及其负载的 Pt催化剂上存在 SO2 促进 NO氧化的现象。运用 BET、XRD、IR及固体酸度测定等多种表征手段 ,对不同载体在反应前后的化学结构和表面性质进行了分析 ,并与反应过程相联系 ,证实 SO2 的吸附改变了γ-Al2 O3的表面结构 ,有利于产物 NO2 的脱附 ;而对 SO2 吸附能力较弱的其他载体或催化剂 ,SO2 的影响则不同     

萘与异丙醇在γ-Al2O3负载的磷钨酸催化剂上烷基化

以无水乙醇为溶剂、γ-Al2O3为载体,采用过量浸渍法制备了一系列磷钨杂多酸(PW)催化剂,用XRD,NH3-TPD等手段对其物化性质进行了表征,并考察该类催化剂在萘与异丙醇的烷基化反应中的催化性能.结果表明,PW负载质量分数达到40%仍高度分散于γ-Al2O3表面,此时催化剂呈现较高的活性(萘转化率71.7%)和β,β′位选择性(82.7%),低负载量有利于2,6-DIPN的生成.该催化剂的适宜活化温度和反应温度分别为573 K和473 K.     

微波法制备固体碱催化肉桂醛合成反应

用微波法制备了固体碱催化剂KF/γ-Al2O3,MgO/γ-Al2O3、KF/NaY和MgO/NaY，并以苯甲醛与乙醛合成肉桂醛为目标反应测试催化性能，同时考察了负载化，反应时间以及催化剂制备方法对反应的影响，结果表明上述催化剂中以KF/γ-Al2O3的活性最好，该催化剂的最佳负载比为25%（质量比）；与浸渍法和焙烧法相比，微波法制备的KF/γ-Al2O3催化性能要好得多。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.