角砾岩常规三轴压缩试验研究及模拟

为了研究角砾岩压缩破坏机制,采用先进的岩石全自动三轴压缩伺服仪对角砾岩进行多种围压的常规三轴压缩试验,岩石经历压密阶段、弹性变形阶段、裂纹稳定扩展阶段、裂纹非稳定扩展阶段、峰后破坏阶段这5个阶段.随着围压增大,峰值强度和残余强度增大,且残余强度比峰值强度增大的快,应力峰值对应的峰值应变与围压呈现出正线性关系.角砾岩试样破坏为剪切滑移破坏,且基本上呈对角破坏,存在主要贯通裂纹,在主贯通裂纹周围存在多条细小裂纹.从细观角度,建立细观损伤本构模型.运用该模型对角砾岩常规三轴压缩实验进行数值模拟,模拟结果表明,模拟值和实验值具有较好的一致性,从而验证了细观损伤模型对角砾岩模拟的适用性.     

三向应力下岩石的强度和变形特性研究

为探讨岩石在三向应力作用下的强度和变形破坏规律及影响因素,采用MTS815电液伺服岩石力学试验系统,分别对砂岩和灰岩进行了三轴压缩试验。基于岩石的应力应变曲线与莫尔-库伦准则,对其残余强度、抗剪强度参数和弹性模量等力学变形特性进行了研究,并分析了孔隙率对岩石各类参数的影响。结果表明:围压对岩石的破坏特征有显著影响,岩石由低围压控制下的脆性破坏逐渐转变为高围压控制下的塑性破坏;横向应变的变化规律与侧向压力作用关系不明显,岩石在峰值应力处的横向应变几乎为定值,应力刚降至残余强度时的横向应变也近似为定值;与砂岩相比,灰岩的孔隙率较低,因而内摩擦角较大,峰值强度也越高,峰值后的残余强度降低得越明显;围压对低孔隙率岩石的弹性模量影响较小,而高孔隙率岩石的弹性模量随围压增加而增大。     

围压对大理岩力学特性影响的试验研究

在MTS815岩石力学试验系统对大理岩进行不同围压三轴压缩试验的基础上,分析研究在不同围压下大理岩的变形特性和强度特性．研究表明,大理岩在三向应力条件下具有明显塑性变形特征,随围压的升高,变形特性表现为塑性特征增强,弹性模量和泊松比增大,峰前扩容明显增大;强度特性表现为峰值强度和残余强度均随围压的增大而线性增大,残余强度对围压的敏感性高于峰值强度,残余内聚力大大低于峰值,残余内摩擦角与峰值非常接近．     

岩石统计损伤本构模型与试验

基于Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则以及岩石微元强度服从Weibull函数随机分布假设,通过有效应力原理引入孔隙水压力,构建了新的统计损伤本构模型,该模型可以考虑孔隙体积变化和损伤阀值的影响。此外,提出了一种新的岩石微元强度计算方法。为使模型参数具有明确的物理意义,采用应力~应变曲线峰值点强度确定模型参数m和F0。采用砂岩常规三轴压缩试验对本构模型的合理性进行验证,并在此基础上,分析岩石损伤演化、孔隙率变化规律,探讨围压对模型参数的影响。结果表明,该模型能够较好地反映岩石三轴应力~应变关系。     

基于Weibull分布的岩石损伤本构模型研究

利用连续损伤理论和统计强度理论,提出了模拟岩石破裂全过程的损伤本构关系,并在此基础上建立了完整的损伤统计本构模型,且在所建立的损伤统计本构模型的四个基本方程中,引入岩石应力应变全过程曲线特征参量,并考虑岩石应力应变全过程曲线的几何条件,解决了传统方法求解本构方程中参数的难点,同时提高了精度.通过与砂岩试件三轴压缩试验实测结果对比,证明模型可以很好地反映岩石的应力-应变关系.图2,参7.     

基于对数正态分布的岩石损伤统计分析方法研究

以Mohr强度理论为基础,利用岩石微元强度服从对数正态随机分布的特点,得到了三轴压缩条件下的岩石损伤统计本构模型,并根据试验曲线采用最小二乘法确定出模型参数.与试验结果比较,该模型可以很好地模拟岩石破裂过程的全应力应变关系,真实反映了岩石软化特性、岩石强度随围压变化等特性.在此基础上,讨论了对数正态参数F0,S0对岩石应力应变全过程曲线的影响.结果表明,参数F0值的变化对岩石的强度有影响;参数S0值的变化对岩石的脆性有影响.     

混凝土非线弹性正交异性本构模型

通过对混凝土多轴应力下强度、变形和破坏形态的大量试验研究，建立了非线弹性正交异性本构模型。根据试验规律，建议了拉应力指标α以划分混凝土的破坏形态，并分别给定适宜的等效单轴应力—应变关系；定义了合理的应力水平指标β；给定拉、压应力状态泊松比值的不同变化规律和公式。本构模型与试验曲线比较，无论是应力—应变曲线的形状和绝对值，以及不同应力比下的峰值应变变化规律都符合良好     

基于Mogi-Coulomb统计损伤本构模型及渗透性突变的研究

摘要：在基于Lemaitre应变等价性理论和岩石微元强度服从 Weibull 随机分布的基础上,引进Mogi-Coulomb准则作为岩石微元强度的表示方法,并深入研究岩石压缩破坏过程中损伤变量的变化规律,建立了统计损伤本构模型,该模型可以较好的反映岩石在不同围压下压缩破坏对应的损伤阀值。通过岩石三轴应力–应变试验曲线对模型进行验证,并与基于Drucker-Prager和Mohr-Coulomb准则的损伤模型的模拟曲线相比较,表明基于Mogi-Coulomb准则的损伤模型能较好的模拟岩石应力应变关系,特别反映了不同应力状态对损伤阀值的影响及岩石低应力水平的线弹性特性。最后将考虑损伤阀值且基于Mogi-Coulomb准则建立的损伤统计本构模型应用于岩石渗透性突变点和对应的临界破坏强度的研究,本模型的预测值与试验值较吻合,表明该模型的合理性和可行性,具有良好的应用前景。     

片状岩石全应力应变压缩过程及力学机制试验研究

为了解片状岩石的全应力应变压缩过程及力学机制,利用RMT-150C岩石力学刚性伺服试验系统,对绿泥石片岩和云母石英片岩进行压缩力学试验.基于试验结果,得到岩石全应力应变压缩过程,提出峰前压密、线弹性、微裂隙稳态扩展和微裂隙不稳态扩展4个变形阶段以及峰后应变软化、残余应力稳定两个变形阶段,分析岩石在各阶段的强度变形特性以及体应变、横向应变和轴向应变之间的关系;详细探讨压缩条件下水对试样物理力学性质的影响规律,重点对比峰值强度、弹性(变形)模量等指标的敏感程度和围压效应;并揭示片状岩石在压缩状态下的破裂模式,将整个破坏过程分为单一剪切破裂、鼓状破裂、Y字形破裂及平行劈裂4种形式.     

岩石在不同应力条件下的本构模型与损伤演化

目的建立反映岩石破裂过程的本构关系,解决由于其天然的复杂形态和赋存条件的多样性而导致的复杂破坏特性问题.方法借助连续损伤理论和Weibull统计分布函数,针对岩石不同应力条件下的变形特征分别建立本构模型,并通过引入损伤因子导出损伤演化方程.结果岩石在受到单轴应力以及三轴应力时所得到的本构方程在原理上是一致的,区别在于在受到三轴应力时需考虑围压的影响.随着轴向应变的增大,岩石要经历微型隙压密阶段、弹性变形阶段、塑性屈服阶段和破坏阶段.在三轴应力试验中,随着围压的增大,上述阶段会变得缓慢.结论岩石的应力应变曲线实质上是以裂纹为主的变形破坏过程,是损伤变量趋于1的发展历程.围压增大抑制了岩石中微裂纹的扩张,说明围压会改变岩石的受力状态,宏观上表现为岩石平均强度的增大.经参考试验结果验证,所建立的模型合理可行.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.