钴基复合氧化物氧化降解甲苯的结构与催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了钴基复合氧化物A-Co（A=Cu,Mn,Ce）,测定和评价了A-Co复合催化剂氧化降解甲苯的催化性能.结果表明,二元钴基复合氧化物氧化降解甲苯的催化活性均优于纯钴氧化物催化剂,其中,Ce-Co氧化物的t10和t90(分别为达到10%和90%的甲苯转化的温度)分别为221,238 ℃,催化活性最高.在240 ℃连续使用50 h,Ce-Co氧化降解甲苯降解转化率仍为99%以上,具有较好的催化稳定性.应用X射线衍射、氮气吸脱附、扫描电子显微镜、氢气程序升温还原和X射线光电子能谱等表征技术,研究了钴基催化剂的结构与催化性能的关系,在Ce-Co催化剂上形成的Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺和Co³⁺/Co²⁺氧化还原对促进了催化剂上氧的迁移,提高了表面氧的可还原性,在甲苯氧化降解过程中产生协同作用.     

CeO_2-MnO_x/CF对甲苯的催化氧化性能

为提高Ce基催化剂对挥发性有机物(VOCs)的催化氧化性能,采用超声辅助浸渍法制备CeO_2-MnO_x/CF复合氧化物催化剂,以甲苯为探针分子,考察制备条件和反应条件对催化剂甲苯催化氧化活性的影响,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X线衍射分析仪(XRD)、全自动比表面积及孔隙分析仪(BET)等对催化剂的形貌结构进行表征。研究结果表明:CeO_2-MnO_x/CF催化剂比表面积高,孔容大,活性组分在载体上高度分散,双组分间具有协同催化作用;在铈锰物质的量比为2:3、活性组分负载量为14%(质量分数)、空速为22.5 L/(g·h)、甲苯初始质量浓度为1 g/L条件下,CeO_2-MnO_x/CF催化剂的甲苯催化氧化活性最高,228℃下2Ce3Mn/CF催化剂对1 g/L甲苯的催化降解率可达到90%。     

湿度对介质阻挡放电降解甲苯的影响

采用介质阻挡放电作为低温等离子体的产生方式,研究了湿度在介质阻挡放电降解甲苯中的影响,考察了不同背景气氛以及有无催化剂时湿度对甲苯去除的影响.实验结果表明,无催化剂以及反应气氛中氧的体积分数为5.00%的N2时,最佳湿度为0.20%.无催化剂以及反应气氛中氧的体积分数为0.05%时,水汽的加入降低了对甲苯的去除效率;反应气氛中氧气的体积分数≥5.00%时,水汽的加入提高了对甲苯的去除效率.当有催化剂存在时,水汽的加入降低了对甲苯的去除效率.     

Sn/BiOCl光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

以BiCl3,SnCl4·5H2O和HCl为原料,用水解法制备了Sn/BiOCl光催化剂,并利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、X-射线能谱和紫外-可见漫反射光谱对光催化剂进行了分析表征。在氙灯照射下,以甲基橙为目标降解物,对Sn/BiOCl光催化剂的活性进行了考察。结果表明,Sn掺杂提高了BiOCl光催化剂的活性。掺杂后光催化剂与BiOCl均属于四方晶相结构,但是掺杂后光催化剂的衍射峰有向高角度偏移的趋势,外貌为均匀的薄片状结构,Sn/BiOCl光催化剂的吸收带边发生了红移,当Sn掺杂量达到9%(质量分数)时,其带隙能从未掺杂时的3.3eV降低到2.92eV,在1g/L的催化剂用量时,经120min氙灯照射后,可使50mL的10mg/L甲基橙溶液的降解率达到100%。     

Ce掺杂的NiCo2O4催化氧化甲苯性能研究

NiCo₂O₄是一种很前景的甲苯氧化催化剂。本文以Ce为杂原子,利用水热法制备Ce/NiCo₂O₄催化剂,以提高NiCo₂O₄尖晶石表面活性氧生成速率。采用氢气程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积测定(BET)、以及透射电子显微镜(TEM)等表征催化剂。通过改变铈掺杂量,得到最佳掺杂比例。甲苯降解实验表明,在甲苯浓度为2538ppm,空速为10000h^_-1,催化剂体积为0.5mL 时,一次水热法制备得到的15%Ce/NiCo₂O₄催化剂降解性能最优(T₉₉=267℃),在267℃下进行催化反应72h后催化剂性能无显著变化。机理研究发现,掺杂铈可提升催化剂中高价金属含量,同时催化剂良好的氧化还原性能可加快表面活性氧生成速率,从而催化性能得以提升。     

NiO-CoO/SiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂上苯胺和1,6-己二醇气相催化合成1-苯基氮杂环庚烷的研究

1-苯基氮杂环庚烷在材料化学、药物化学及有机合成等领域有广泛应用.由苯胺和1,6-己二醇气相催化合成1-苯基氮杂环庚烷绿色环保、价格低廉,是理想的合成方法.通过常压气固相反应对用于该反应的NiO-CoO/SiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂进行了研究,并通过X射线粉末衍射、NH_3程序升温脱附、N_2物理吸附和热重等手段对催化剂进行了表征,以揭示催化剂结构与反应性能的关系.结果表明,当氧化镍和氧化钴担载量分别为0.075和0.025mmol/g、采用程序升温由室温升至800℃、并在该温度下焙烧4h,催化剂具有很高的活性和选择性,1-苯基氮杂环庚烷的收率达到85%.催化剂活性组分高度分散、中强酸中心数少、平均孔径大有利于1-苯基氮杂环庚烷的合成.积碳是催化剂失活的主要原因.     

掺杂改性TiO_2/AC与TiO_2/ACF的制备及其对气相甲苯的降解性能

以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Fe、N离子共掺杂的、以活性炭(AC)和活性炭纤维(ACF)为载体的TiO2/AC和TiO2/ACF光催化剂.采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、紫外-可见光分光光度计等对催化剂样品进行了表征.选取甲苯为模型化合物进行光催化降解实验,研究了催化剂制备过程中离子掺杂量、抑制剂种类、焙烧温度、载体种类以及循环使用次数对催化剂活性的影响.结果表明:TiO2在ACF上的分散效果好于在AC上;TiO2以颗粒状镶嵌在AC孔隙内、以膜状包覆在ACF表面,所制备的光催化剂均以锐钛矿相存在;Fe、N离子共掺杂实现了催化剂的可见光响应;以冰醋酸为抑制剂、N和Fe离子掺杂量均为8%(摩尔分数)、500℃下焙烧2 h时,所得的TiO2/ACF光催化剂对气相甲苯的降解活性最高,循环使用效果最好.     

锆掺杂TiO2负载锰铈氧化物低温催化还原NOx

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO₂、ZrO₂和不同比例TiO₂-ZrO₂等载体,超声波浸渍负载一定量的Ce-Mn活性组分.通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱和比表面积（BET）法对催化剂进行表征,并考察催化剂的氨气低温催化还原NO_x的活性.结果表明,TiO₂-ZrO₂（3:1,摩尔比）载体为介孔材料,颗粒粒径较小且高度分散,比表面积高达151 m²·g^-1由于Zr⁴⁺取代Ti⁴⁺掺杂进入TiO₂晶格内,导致其晶格畸变,抑制TiO₂晶型转变,获得了良好的热稳定性,加之活性组分以无定形态存在,催化剂表面存在Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺氧化还原电对,从而提高催化剂的低温催化还原活性.在550℃下焙烧的催化剂10%Ce（0.4）-Mn/TiO₂-ZrO₂（3:1）的活性最高,其在140℃、体积空速67000 h^-1的条件下,NO_x的转化率达到99.28%.140℃时单独通入体积分数为10%的H₂O以及同时通入体积分数为10%H₂O和2×10^-4SO₂,催化剂显示出较强的抗H₂O和SO₂中毒能力.     

AgBr/EuVO_4复合光催化剂的制备及其在污水处理中的应用

采用水热法制备了AgBr/EuVO_4复合光催化剂,考察了该催化剂在降解有机染料罗丹明B时AgBr的含量对光催化降解活性的影响,并运用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱分析和紫外可见吸收光谱等方法对所得催化剂的形貌、结构和光学性能进行了表征和分析.结果表明:AgBr/EuVO_4复合光催化剂在光催化反应过程中转变成Ag/AgBr/EuVO_4体系;该复合催化剂在可见光下表现出优秀的光催化性能,12 min内对30μmol/L罗丹明B的降解率约为80%,光降解速率达到了0.182 min-1,是AgBr的2.8倍.该复合催化剂的活性可归属为Ag,AgBr和EuVO_4三者在分离光生载流子方面的协同耦合作用.     

锆掺杂钛负载锰氧化物用于低温选择性催化还原NO

采用凝胶溶胶法制备TiO2以及摩尔比分别为1:1和4:1的TiO2-ZrO2三种载体,然后浸渍负载一定量的活性组分MnOx制备相应催化剂.通过X射线衍射和扫描电镜对载体和催化剂进行表征,并进行氨气低温选择性催化还原NO(NH3-SCR)实验来考察催化剂的活性.三种载体中TiO2-ZrO2(4:1)的颗粒粒径最小且高度分散,加入氧化锆后,Zr4+离子取代Ti4+离子掺杂进入TiO2晶格内,引起TiO2晶格畸变,抑制TiO2晶型转变,并促进载体上活性组分Mn的均匀分布,从而提高催化剂的低温选择性催化还原活性.TiO2-ZrO2(4:1)加入质量分数10%的Mn后催化剂的活性最高,在130℃采用该催化剂催化时NO的转化率达到92.6%;150℃时通入体积分数10%的水蒸气会降低10%Mn/TiO2-ZrO2(4:1)催化剂的活性,撤消后活性可逐渐恢复;而200℃时10%Mn/TiO2-ZrO2(4:1)的活性基本不受水蒸气的影响.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to