以乙酸钠、丙酸钠为碳源的活性污泥合成聚羟基脂肪酸酯的结构分析

聚羟基脂肪酸酯(Polyhydroxyalkanoates，PHAs)是临时储藏于活性污泥的微生物体内的能量和碳源聚合物，是完全可生物降解的热塑性塑料。为了研究碳源对PHAs结构的影响，本采用乙酸钠、丙酸钠为碳源在厌氧条件下培养活性污泥得到2种不同的PHAs样品，通过^1HNMR、^13C NMR和GC-MS谱图确定其组成和比例：以乙酸钠培养活性污泥得到PHAs样品的单体组成以3—羟基丁酸酯(3-hvdroxybutyrale，3HB)为主，x(3HB)／x(3HV)(3-hydroxyvalerate，3-羟基戊酸酯)为93．9l：6．09；以丙酸钠培养活性污泥得到PHAs样品的单体组成主要以3HV为主，除3HB、3HV外，另外还有2—甲基—3—羟基丁酸酯(2—methyl-3-hydroxybutyrate，2M3HB)和2—甲基—3—羟基戊酸酯(2-methyl—3-hydroxyvalerate，2M3HV)，3HB／3HV／2M3HB／2M3HV的摩尔比为28．66：63．13：2．55：5．66。由此可见采用不同碳源培养活性污泥所得到的PHAs的单体组成是不同的。     

3-羟基丁酸的生产方法及用途探讨

1前言 随着塑料工业的迅速发展,塑料年产量已达1亿吨,成为材料领域的四大支柱之一。塑料废弃物也与日俱增,每年总量可达500万吨,成为日益严重的“白色污染”。研究开发可降解塑料是治理“白色污染”的有效途径。生物降解塑料的主要成分即为聚3—羟基丁酸酯(PHB),因其可以被脂肪酶水解为小分子,然后进一步被微生物同化。聚3—羟基丁酸酯可由3—羟基丁酸经酯化再聚合而得。本文就     

以乙酸钠、丙酸钠为碳源的活性污泥合成聚羟基脂肪酸酯的结构分析

聚羟基脂肪酸酯(Polyhydroxyalkanoates, PHAs)是临时储藏于活性污泥的微生物体内的能量和碳源聚合物,是完全可生物降解的热塑性塑料.为了研究碳源对PHAs结构的影响,本文采用乙酸钠、丙酸钠为碳源在厌氧条件下培养活性污泥得到2种不同的PHAs样品,通过1H NMR、13C NMR和GC-MS谱图确定其组成和比例以乙酸钠培养活性污泥得到PHAs样品的单体组成以3-羟基丁酸酯(3-hydroxybutyrate,3HB)为主,x(3HB)/x(3HV)(3-hydroxyvalerate,3-羟基戊酸酯)为93.91∶6.09;以丙酸钠培养活性污泥得到PHAs样品的单体组成主要以3HV为主,除3HB、3HV外,另外还有2-甲基-3-羟基丁酸酯(2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyrate,2M3HB)和2-甲基-3-羟基戊酸酯(2-methyl-3-hydroxyvalerate,2M3HV), 3HB/3HV/2M3HB/2M3HV的摩尔比为28.66∶63.13∶2.55∶5.66.由此可见采用不同碳源培养活性污泥所得到的PHAs的单体组成是不同的.     

光电与微生物结合的生物杂化光合体系生产聚β-羟基丁酸酯的研究进展

人工光合系统具有较高的光吸收率，但难以合成具有高附加值的化合物.微生物则可以利用自身的促进自我修复与复制、具有高特异性的生物酶催化合成各种高分子化合物.生物杂化光合体系结合两者优点，为化学品的合成提供了一条清洁高效、经济、可持续的发展途径.近年来，有科学家利用生物杂化光合体系生产生物可降解材料聚β-羟基丁酸酯，取得了初步成效.以下从光催化剂协同微生物杂化光合体系和微生物电合成体系两个方面，介绍了生物杂化光合体系生产聚β-羟基丁酸酯的研究进展，研究了利用该体系生产聚β-羟基丁酸酯的现存问题，并对其未来发展方向进行了展望.     

聚羟基丁酸酯/氟磷灰石电纺丝膜的体外降解

首次研究了氟含量不同的聚羟基丁酸酯/氟磷灰石电纺丝膜(PHB/FHAP)的体外降解行为,考察了PHB和PHB/FHAP电纺丝膜的失重率、降解液浑浊度及表面微观形貌,结果表明FHAP的加入增大了PHB电纺丝膜的降解速率。随着氟含量的增加,PHB/FHAP降解速率减小。在降解介质磷酸缓冲溶液（PBS）中,PHB和PHB/FHAP电纺丝膜都出现了羟基磷灰石（HAP）前驱体,表明该材料具有较好的生物相容性,这对其在骨组织工程上的应用具有重要意义。     

开发聚羟基丁酸酯新技术

聚羟基丁酸酯(PHB)是一种微生物合成的天然生物可降解聚酯，具有生物相容性好、可完全降解等优点，在环境及医用材料等领域具有良好的应用价值，近些年来一直是国际学术界和产业界研究开发热点之一，天津市已具有中试生产技术和能力。但是PHB作为一种高度结晶的聚合物，宏观上表现为脆性，冲击强度较低，亲水性较差，成本相对通     

聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-co-4-羟基丁酸酯)的土壤降解和酶降解

采用溶剂涂膜法制备了共聚组成不同的（3-羟基丁酸酯）-（4-羟基丁酸酯）共聚物［poly(3HB-co-4HB)］生物可降解膜。通过土壤和猪胰脂肪酶降解实验,考察了降解过程中样品质量、分子量及表面形态的变化。结果表明,土壤降解和酶降解都经过表面腐蚀过程,无定形态首先降解,样品质量逐渐损失,分子量逐渐减少;结晶度对膜的腐蚀形貌有很大的影响,降解速率都随4HB含量的增加而增加;脂肪酶降解速率比土壤降解速率快,但分子量减少的程度不及土壤降解,并且在降解过程中出现了小分子量的低聚物。     

β-环糊精包合物材料的电流变性能——功能基的影响

用β-环糊精（简称p—CD）作为主体,水杨酸（简写为SCA）、邻苯二甲酸（简写为PHA）、邻氨基苯甲酸（简写为OAA）和磺基水杨酸（简写为HS03）等作为客体,采用固相反应,合成了新型的电流变材料-β-环糊精包合物材料．研究了材料的电流变性能,以及客体分子的组成和结构与材料电流变性能的关系．结果表明,客体分子的结构,特别是客体分子的功能基是影响材料电流变性能的重要因素．β-环糊精包合磺基水杨酸的包合物有最高的电流变活性．     

氮化碳负载铜催化的有机反应研究进展

石墨相氮化碳（g-C₃N₄）是一种由C,N组成的具有固态石墨结构的新型非金属半导体材料,由于其较高的化学稳定性、独特的电子性能和光学性能,在生物传感、光催化和材料科学等领域有广泛的应用.按反应类型总结了C₃N₄负载铜作为催化剂在有机合成中的应用,所涉及的反应主要有氧化、还原、偶联和环化反应等.     

高效液相色谱法测定青皮中橙皮苷的含量

高效液相色谱是重要的现代分析手段之一。它具有分离效率高、分析速度快和应用范围广的特点,尤其使用于目前最活跃的研究领域,是分析化学家和生物化学家解决各种实际分析和分离课题必不可少的工具。本研究采用HPLC法,以HyersilODS—C18为色谱柱、甲醇-醋酸-水（30：3．5：70）为流动相,建立了青皮中橙皮苷的含量测定方法。结果表明橙皮苷在0．4036—40360ug范围内具有良好的线性关系（r=0．9998）。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.