静力破碎花岗岩电磁辐射分形特征研究

选用球型压头和十字型压头在RMT-150C岩石力学试验机上对花岗岩分别进行不同加载速率的岩石破碎实验,采用KBD5电磁辐射数据采集系统对岩石破碎过程中产生的电磁辐射信号进行采集处理,应用分形理论分析电磁辐射脉冲数的分形特征。实验结果分析表明：试件在受载过程中电磁辐射脉冲数与时间具有明显的分形特征,并随加载速率增大电磁辐射信号强度增大,分形维数D也增大,具有正相关性;在相同速率的岩石加载破碎下,十字型压头电磁辐射分形维数D比球型压头的大,与电磁辐射脉冲信号的强度变化呈相同的规律,利用电磁辐射脉冲信号和分形维数D的相同规律可以更全面的反映岩石的真实破裂过程。     

一株产纤维素酶的枯草芽孢杆菌 部分生物学特性研究

选用球型压头和十字型压头在RMT-150C岩石力学试验机上对花岗岩分别进行不同加载速率的岩石破碎实验,采用KBD5电磁辐射数据采集系统对岩石破碎过程中产生的电磁辐射信号进行采集处理,应用分形理论分析电磁辐射脉冲数的分形特征.实验结果表明:试件在受载过程中电磁辐射脉冲数与时间具有明显的分形特征,并随加载速率增大电磁辐射信号强度增大,分形维数D也增大,具有很好的相关性;在相同速率的岩石加载破碎条件下,十字型压头电磁辐射分形维数D比球型压头的大,与电磁辐射脉冲信号的强度变化呈相同的规律,利用电磁辐射脉冲信号和分形维数D的相同规律可以更全面地反映岩石的真实破裂过程.     

高温-水冷循环作用对花岗岩冲击压缩力学性能的影响

干热岩开采等实际工程中高温-水冷循环和强扰动加剧了岩体力学性能的劣化，极易影响工程安全性和经济性。为研究高温-水冷循环作用对花岗岩冲击压缩力学性能的影响，对400℃下经历不同次数（0、2、4、6次）高温-水冷循环后的色季拉山花岗岩进行物理性质试验，采用分离式霍普金森压杆（split Hopkinson pressure bar， SHPB）进行冲击压缩试验，通过破碎形态和分形维数分析花岗岩试件破碎规律。结果表明:随着循环次数的增加，花岗岩外观颜色变暗、变黄，表面裂纹增多，粗糙程度增大；花岗岩密度、P波波速、动态抗压强度与循环次数均呈负相关，P波波速和动态抗压强度在前2次循环期间分别急剧下降42.53%和4.57%～10.80%；在相同循环次数下，花岗岩动态抗压强度随加载速率的增大而显著增加，表现出明显的应变率强化效应；在相同加载速率下，花岗岩破碎程度随循环次数的增加而加剧，在相同循环次数下，花岗岩主要破坏形式随加载速率的增加由劈裂破坏变为块状、粉碎破坏；花岗岩分形维数变化规律与破碎形态变化规律一致，经历6次高温-水冷循环，分形维数增幅为3.44%～11.52%。     

不同加载速率下煤岩组合体碎块分形特征与能量传递机制

为了研究不同加载速率下煤岩组合体破坏碎块的分布、分形特征以及失稳破坏机制,对细砂岩煤（FC）、粗砂岩煤（GC）、细砂岩煤粗砂岩（FCG）3种煤岩组合体开展0.001,0.005,0.01,0.05,0.1 mm/s加载速率下的单轴压缩试验,结果表明：1）0.001 mm/s速率下破坏煤块粒径较小,为完全充分破坏,破坏类型属于塑性破坏。0.1 mm/s加载速率下,试件破坏碎块粒径最大,形状不规则,为不完全不充分破坏,破坏类型属于脆性破坏。加载速率对试件破坏的影响主要表现在：裂隙发育程度、破坏块体粒径、破坏块体数目、能量释放速度、破坏形式、失稳机制。2）试件碎块具有明显的分类特征。随着加载速率增大,4.75~<10 mm、10~<20 mm两种粒径等级的碎块数量逐渐减少,试件的破碎程度减小;3种试件的长/厚值随着碎块粒径的减小呈现先增加后减小的趋势;对于相同粒径等级内的碎块,其长/厚值随加载速率增大而增大,增大加载速率会促进薄形态碎块生成。3）5种加载速率下,FC、GC、FCG组合体的粒度数量分形维数分别在1.53~0.55、1.27~0.26、1.45~0.46之间,粒度数量分形维数随着加载速率增大而减小,加载速率越大,分形维数越小;FC、GC、FCG组合体粒度质量分形维数分别在2.35~1.48、2.36~1.34、2.34~1.58之间,粒度质量分形维数均随加载速率增大而减小。4）针对煤岩组合体破坏形态,分析了组合体破坏过程的能量传递机制。组合体不断受载,煤组分最先发生破坏,释放的能量直接传递给岩石组分,若达到岩石组分的储能极限,则导致岩石组分发生破坏。煤岩组合体破坏过程的能量传递机制较好地揭示了岩石组分破坏的滞后现象。     

基于分形方法的深部砂岩地层岩石可钻性分析

石油钻井中测量岩石可钻性的主要方法是以井下取心为对象,测量岩石的力学性能和微钻法可钻性试验,但这种方法采样费用高,试验周期长,不能在现场直接应用,这对实际应用造成了很大困难。文中用筛析法分析不同围压下砂岩岩心碎屑的分布,发现砂岩岩心破碎碎屑是分形分布。不同围压的实验中,碎屑分布的分维值不同。随着围压的增加,砂岩破碎碎屑的分维增大。解释了砂岩碎屑分维增大的原因,研究了碎屑分形分布的物理机制。并进一步分析了砂岩岩心分形维数与可钻性和围压之间关系,为使用实际钻进过程中产生的上返岩屑描述可钻性指标奠定基础,为可钻性研究提供一条新的途径。     

加载方式对大理岩碎块分布影响的试验研究

通过对大理岩的标准岩石试件进行单轴压缩和巴西劈裂试验，探讨了不同加载方式对破坏后岩石碎块分布的影响．结果表明：径向劈裂加载破坏后的大理岩碎块在0．5～20．0mm的粒径范围内是一个分形分布，平均分维数Dt为1．9761．单轴压缩破坏后大理岩的碎块分布存在双重尺度下的自相似分形，在0．1～1．0mm和2．0—40．0mm两个粒径范围内均呈分形分布，其平均分维数Dc1,Dc2分别为2．135 0，1．5499．分维数在一定程度上表现出随抗压强度增加而增加的趋势，但与抗拉强度的关系不明显，这与大理岩的各向异性密切相关．岩样破坏后碎块分布的分维数也是岩样荷载形式的恰当表征，引入岩石破碎过程的等效概率模型，从理论上给予了较好的解释．     

基于岩石节理分形特性的岩体稳定性智能辨识

 调查国内大量矿山地质资料,分析其矿岩节理裂隙数据,采用分形理论揭示岩体节理间距和产状分布的分形特性.采用混沌算法优化神经网络,建立矿岩稳定性与其岩石单轴抗压强度、单轴抗拉强度、内摩擦角、内聚力、弹性模量、岩体节理间距分形维数和节理产状分形维数的智能辨识模型,寻求岩体判别新方法.研究表明,岩体节理间距分形维数和产状分布分形维数可反映岩体节理空间分布的整体信息;节理间距分形维数越小,岩体完整性越好;产状分布分形维数越低,节理分散程度越小;即二者分形维数越小,岩体稳定性越好.智能辨识模型可以根据矿岩力学参数、岩体节理分形特征,预测不同地质条件下的岩体质量,为工程支护设计及施工提供依据.     

加载速率对砂岩破碎及能耗特征的影响

为了研究应力波加载速率对岩石破碎与能量利用效率的影响,利用杆件纵向撞击面局部变形的非线性模型设计了5种不同曲率半径的锤头,获得了非等入射能与等入射能条件下不同加载速率的入射应力波,并对红砂岩进行了冲击试验.结果表明:随着应力波加载速率的增大,砂岩试样破碎块度的分形维数呈近似线性增长关系.在加载速率相同的情况下,砂岩试样破碎块度的分形维数随入射能的增大而增大.随着入射应力波加载速率的增加,破碎能耗密度增大.在加载速率相同的情况下,入射能越大岩石破碎能耗密度越大.在非等入射能条件下,岩石破碎过程中的能量利用率随着入射能的增大呈明显的下降趋势.实际生产中最优的应力波形必须综合考虑破岩效果和能量利用率等因素.     

刀具压入破岩声发射分形特征实验

选用一字型刀具对花岗岩进行静力破碎实验,采用AEwin-USB型声发射信号采集系统采集声发射信号,应用分形理论分析不同加载速率下声发射分形特性.结果表明,随着加载速率的增加,刀具破岩程度愈显剧烈,且伴随着的声发射信号更强;声发射振铃计数率、能量率曲线能够很好描述刀具破岩过程;刀具破岩过程中声发射参数序列具有分形特征,且分形维数随加载速率的增大而逐渐减小;声发射分形维数随时间变化规律很好地反映了刀具破岩是一个降维有序、耗散结构的过程;刀具破岩声发射序列分维曲线呈一个波动上升→持续降低直到最低的变化规律,可以将分形维数持续降低作为岩石破坏失稳的前兆依据.     

B-P混杂纤维沙漠砂混凝土深梁受剪分形特征

以沙漠砂替代率、纤维掺量以及纤维混杂比为变量,制作9根尺寸为1800 mm×200 mm×500 mm的深梁,以位移控制加载进行受剪试验.运用分形理论对深梁加载全过程中表面裂缝发展进行定量分析,探讨了深梁表面裂缝分形维数与分级荷载、极限荷载、跨中挠度以及损伤变量之间的关系.研究结果表明:纤维的掺入有效抑制了深梁表面裂缝的发展.无论是在加载过程中还是在极限荷载状态下,深梁表面裂缝均具有良好的分形特征,极限荷载作用下的分形维数在1.3附近.分形维数与分级荷载、跨中挠度呈对数关系,拟合系数均在0.94以上.随着荷载的增大,深梁表面裂缝的复杂程度与其内部的损伤程度同步增大,两者拟合程度较高且成指数关系.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.