基于时变可靠度的梁桥性能退化研究

通过分析混凝土结构耐久性退化原理,得到钢筋和混凝土材料性能的时变过程,进一步建立抗力与荷载的随机过程.通过将设计基准期等分成N段,求得每段内的可靠度,根据可靠度的概率意义得到时变可靠指标.比较了JC法与蒙特卡罗抽样法的计算精度,结果表明可以用JC法代替蒙特卡罗法计算时变可靠度指标.研究了混凝土保护层厚度和荷载变化对时变可靠指标的影响.     

时变扩散系数对混凝土结构服役寿命的影响

基于氯离子二维扩散模型考虑混凝土氯离子扩散衰减系数及其随机性,计算了氯盐侵蚀下混凝土结构的可靠度及服役寿命。为克服传统可靠度敏感系数的缺陷,分析氯离子扩散衰减系数及其随机性对混凝土结构耐久性的影响,根据全微分公式导出了可靠度对随机变量均值和变异性的无量纲敏感系数。计算结果表明,忽略氯离子扩散系数时变性会导致显著地低估结构服役寿命,而不考虑衰减系数的随机性又会明显地高估结构耐久性能。敏感性分析结果表明,混凝土氯离子扩散衰减系数与混凝土保护层厚度对氯盐侵蚀下混凝土结构耐久性的影响占主导地位,并随着服役时间的增加,衰减系数的影响会超过混凝土保护层厚度。     

既有预应力混凝土桥梁结构承载能力时变可靠度研究

文章在研究了既有预应力混凝土桥梁抗力和荷载时变特性的基础上,建立了现有预应力混凝土桥梁抗弯承载能力的时变可靠度计算模型,讨论了结构时变可靠度的计算方法,编制了可靠度计算实用分析程序,计算了时变可靠度指标,以我国高速公路桥梁中广泛应用的多座预应力混凝土T梁桥为例,在考虑其抗力时变特性的理论基础上,研究承载能力可靠度的衰减规律。     

气候变化对RC结构碳化侵蚀可靠度的影响

气候变化引起的全球大气中CO2浓度的升高,加速了钢筋混凝土(RC)结构的劣化.针对《混凝土耐久性设计规范》中规定的碳化环境(Ⅰ类环境),评估了未来气候变化对中国RC结构在正常使用极限状态下时变可靠度的影响.研究显示:未来气候变化使中国RC结构的平均碳化深度增大20％～40％,降低了RC结构的碳化侵蚀可靠度.到2100年,混凝土结构耐久性设计规范中Ⅰ类环境下Ⅰ-A、Ⅰ-B环境作用等级的耐久性规定不能够适应气候变化对中国钢筋混凝土结构的耐久性影响.     

高层钢结构施工过程时变模型理论与跟踪监测

针对混凝土的时变变形对钢管混凝土组合结构施工过程中结构受力的影响,基于CEB-FIP中的混凝土时变模型,提出了对钢管混凝土组合高层框架结构进行施工过程计算的时变模型,以考虑结构的施工顺序和诸如混凝土的收缩、徐变等时变效应的影响以反映此类结构的真实特性.通过某21层钢混组合高层框架结构的数值模拟与现场监测结果的对比表明:提出的分析模型能够真实反映结构复杂的施工过程及材料时变特征和结构几何非线性对结构性能的影响,数值模拟结果表明混凝土收缩和徐变引起的结构变形在高层结构设计中不容忽视.     

基于响应面法的混凝土桥梁时变可靠度分析

为了求解劣化环境作用时混凝土桥梁的时变可靠度,建立了基于改进响应面法和确定性的混凝土桥梁退化过程分析方法相结合的混凝土桥梁时变可靠度分析方法.利用FORTRAN95分别编写了混凝土桥梁耐久性分析程序CBDAS和可靠度分析程序PIRSM.以一座预应力混凝土简支梁为对象,分析了不同极限状态下结构力学性能指标的可靠度随时间的...     

退化结构时变可靠度分析

退化结构的检修问题都涉及时变结构可靠度的计算.对退化结构的时变可靠度,抗力必须表为随机过程.该文考虑退化结构功能函数随机过程,并考虑活载为连续随机过程、 Poisson过程以及Bernoulli过程,由之导出一个时段内的时变可靠度公式.以混凝土碳化引起的主筋锈蚀的公路桥T型梁为例,计算了这3种活载过程下的时变可靠度.算例表明,对相同的初始抗力,退化结构在设计使用年限的时变可靠度明显低于目标时不变可靠度.用作用和抗力的均值和方差在t时刻的瞬时值代入Cornell可靠度指标而计算的"时变可靠度指标"不反映可靠度.     

基于响应面和重要抽样法的隧道衬砌结构时变可靠度

由于隧道衬砌结构极限状态方程高度非线性,直接采用一般的可靠度计算方法得到的是几何可靠度,存在较大误差,需进行改进.结合响应面法和重要抽样两种方法,利用响应面法得到的验算点作为重要抽样法的抽样中心,进而求解结构的可靠度指标.在该理论的基础上,考虑结构抗力随时间衰减的因素,利用Matlab软件编制了隧道在服务寿命期限内的时变可靠度指标的计算程序,并通过回归分析,得到了时变可靠度指标随着时间呈指数递减的规律.通过耐久性系数与时变可靠度指标的对应关系,可得到衬砌结构任意时刻的耐久性系数,该系数则是衬砌结构耐久性设计的关键.该方法对功能函数高度非线性的工程较适用,并且为结构耐久性设计提供了基础.     

钢梁腐蚀相关性对钢-混组合梁桥体系可靠度的影响

服役环境中钢主梁的腐蚀本质上是一个随机过程,腐蚀深度随机变量既有时变性亦有空间性。现有测量方法只能获得单根钢梁腐蚀深度数据,尚不能明确结构体系腐蚀深度变量的联合分布模式,可能导致腐蚀结构体系可靠度计算模型失真。本文以某钢-混凝土组合梁桥为研究对象,首先建立了钢主梁腐蚀深度增长Gamma随机过程模型,并利用钢梁腐蚀深度实测数据对模型进行了验证;然后采用Kendall秩相关系数量化表征主梁腐蚀深度相关性,推导了腐蚀钢梁的时变抗力计算公式;最后基于Copula函数提出了考虑主梁腐蚀相关性的梁桥体系失效概率计算方法,对比研究了钢梁腐蚀相关性对钢-混组合简支梁桥体系可靠度的影响。研究结果表明：桥梁运营前期腐蚀相关性对梁桥受力性能影响较小,在运营中后期,中高程度的腐蚀相关性将会对梁桥体系的可靠度影响较大。研究提出了钢梁腐蚀空间相关性量化方法,获得了更精确的钢-混组合梁桥体系可靠度计算方法,可为组合梁桥体系的时变可靠度评定提供参考。     

高性能复合砂浆钢筋网加固RC梁的时变可靠度分析

研究高性能复合砂浆钢筋网加固RC梁新老材料强度随时间衰减的可靠度指标.利用时变可靠度理论,采用蒙特卡罗法模拟,给出了高性能复合砂浆钢筋网加固混凝土构件时变失效概率的计算方法.复合砂浆钢筋网加固RC梁的时变可靠度先高于设计规范规定的目标可靠度 ,然后逐渐减小,接近设计使用年限时,接近目标可靠度,这一趋势为合理地评估结构性能提供了有效工具;结合非线性回归和时变可靠性指标,提出了加固RC构件使用寿命预测方法,为在役结构的维修与加固提供合理的经济决策依据.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.