基因学说的深化与发展

DNA双螺旋结构的建立是20世纪最为重要的发现之一。随后确立的中心法则使人们对于生命的本质有了更为深入的了解,基因克隆和重组技术则为人们提供了一种更为强大的改造自然的能力。回顾现代生物学发展的历程,可以清楚的看到,DNA作为遗传信息的载体和其双螺旋结构的发现所占据的重要地位。而对人类基因组的测序又为人们提供了一个更为广阔的视野,使得从整体上研究生命过程成为可能,从而使人们进入了“后基因组时代”。     

气候变化对RC结构碳化侵蚀可靠度的影响

气候变化引起的全球大气中CO2浓度的升高,加速了钢筋混凝土(RC)结构的劣化.针对《混凝土耐久性设计规范》中规定的碳化环境(Ⅰ类环境),评估了未来气候变化对中国RC结构在正常使用极限状态下时变可靠度的影响.研究显示:未来气候变化使中国RC结构的平均碳化深度增大20％～40％,降低了RC结构的碳化侵蚀可靠度.到2100年,混凝土结构耐久性设计规范中Ⅰ类环境下Ⅰ-A、Ⅰ-B环境作用等级的耐久性规定不能够适应气候变化对中国钢筋混凝土结构的耐久性影响.     

Preparation and Mechanical Performance of Blended Polyester/Silk Small Diameter Arterial Prostheses

Small diameter arterial prostheses were required to treat coronary and cerebrovascular arterial diseases. The diameters of the artificial blood vessels should match the diameters of the host arteries. Besides,the mechanical properties of the arterial prostheses should be strong enough to endure the forces in the body after implantation. In this study,silk and polyester were woven into small diameter arterial prostheses and the dimensional and mechanical properties,as well as the water permeability,were investigated. The woven samples had an inner diameter ranging from 3. 65 to 3. 94mm. The wall thickness of the samples ranged from 0. 26 to 0. 28mm. Compared with polytetrafiuoroethylene( ePTFE) commercial devices,whose probe bursting strength was measured to be 15. 64 N /mm2,the woven samples had superior strength values ranging from20. 53 to 28. 97 N /mm2. In addition,the radial compliance of the woven samples was found to lie between the ePTFE sample and the pig’s carotid artery,and the water permeability of all the woven samples was less than 300 mL /( cm2·min) which indicated that these woven samples could be implanted without preclotting.