融合边缘特征的马尔可夫随机场模型及分割算法

针对区域马尔可夫随机场(MRF)模型的图像分割中常产生边缘模糊的问题,提出了一种融合边缘特征的区域MRF模型(IEFRMRF)及其分割算法。IEFRMRF模型基于MRF理论,首先通过边缘模板提取图像的边缘特征,建立局部区域的边缘先验约束;其次利用图像局部区域像素的空间约束关系描述图像的局部高斯统计特征,并通过期望最大化算法估计高斯特征参数;然后根据贝叶斯原理建立了具有边缘保持作用的区域MRF模型;最终采用区域置信度传播(BP)算法对IEFRMRF模型进行全局优化,把局部统计特征传递到图像的全局,并按照MAP准则估计图像分割标号。人工加噪声图像分割的实验结果表明,IEFRMRF模型的分割结果和传统高斯MRF模型、局部区域高斯MRF模型的分割结果相比,分割准确率分别提高了47.9%和21.4%,并且分割结果的边缘更清晰,自然图像的分割实验也验证了提出模型的有效性。     

用于图像分割的局部区域能量最小化算法

针对点对马尔可夫随机场(Pairwise MRF)模型中像素成对交互的结构不能充分描述图像丰富的局部统计特征问题,在研究Pairwise MRF模型基础上,提出了一种基于局部区域能量最小化的图像分割算法.该算法先利用图像局部区域信息构造局部区域能量模型,建立了一种局部交互的区域马尔可夫随机场分割模型,然后采用无环置信传播(LBP)算法对MRF全局能量进行优化.优化过程中,对局部区域能量进行收敛并按照MAP准则估计局部区域标号,通过LBP算法把局部区域信息传递到邻域区域中去.实验结果表明,所提出的新算法较标准LBP算法具有更好的分割结果,并有效地抑制了图像噪声信号和纹理信号对分割结果的干扰和影响.     

一种具有边缘保持的MRMRF模型图像分割方法

针对常规四叉树结构的多尺度马尔可夫随机场(MRMRF)模型非重叠区域在最优化过程中所造成的块效应以及建模和推理过程均会导致低分辨率图像边缘细节模糊、缺失的现象,本文提出了一种具有边缘保持的MRMRF模型图像分割方法(EPMRMRF)。首先,所提模型利用邻接区域之间的交互重叠约束,将局部区域的优化传递到相邻区域;其次,采用具有边缘保持作用的Cauchy分布提取图像的多尺度边缘先验知识,在不同尺度上实现图像局部区域特征和多尺度边缘特征的融合。最后,本文提出一种分层区域置信度传播算法(HRBP)对提出的EPMRMRF分割模型进行迭代优化,基于最大后验准则(MAP),求解MRF最大后验全局分布。实验结果表明,提出的模型不仅有效保持了图像分割结果的边缘,获得了更好的分割结果,而且具有较快的分割速度,PRI相似性评价指标平均提升至0.8909,GCE差异性评价指标平均降低至0.1923。     

有纹理保护的SAR海冰图像分割

针对传统的马尔科夫随机场算法中模型参数估计是全局的,及此算法描述非平稳SAR海冰图像是局限的,提出一种带有纹理保护的图像分割算法.该算法以区域为研究对象,首先利用分水岭分割算法对图像进行初始分割得到基本同质的区域,使该算法由像素水平提升到区域水平,这样能减少噪声对分割结果的影响.然后使用集成了纹理信息的空间语境模型和特征模型来描述对象函数,获得更稳定的模型参数估计,使得该算法具有描述局部行为的能力,改进了空间语境模型对图像非平稳性的适应性.通过对1幅合成图像和2幅真实合成孔径雷达海冰图像进行测试,将该算法与马尔科夫随机场算法和Gaussian混合模型算法比较,结果表明,该文算法优于上述2算法,在相同的场景内该文算法在产生平滑结果的同时也能保护纹理特征.     

一种具有边缘保持的MRMRF模型图像分割方法

针对常规四叉树结构的多尺度马尔可夫随机场(MRMRF)模型非重叠区域在最优化过程中所造成的块效应以及建模和推理过程均会导致低分辨率图像边缘细节模糊、缺失的现象,本文提出了一种具有边缘保持的MRMRF模型图像分割方法(EPMRMRF)。首先,所提模型利用邻接区域之间的交互重叠约束,将局部区域的优化传递到相邻区域;其次,采用具有边缘保持作用的Cauchy分布提取图像的多尺度边缘先验知识,在不同尺度上实现图像局部区域特征和多尺度边缘特征的融合。最后,本文提出一种分层区域置信度传播算法(HRBP)对提出的EPMRMRF分割模型进行迭代优化,基于最大后验准则(MAP),求解MRF最大后验全局分布。实验结果表明,提出的模型不仅有效保持了图像分割结果的边缘,获得了更好的分割结果,而且具有较快的分割速度,PRI相似性评价指标平均提升至0.8909,GCE差异性评价指标平均降低至0.1923。     

一种具有边缘保持的MRMRF模型图像分割方法

针对常规四叉树结构的多尺度马尔可夫随机场(MRMRF)模型非重叠区域在最优化过程中所造成的块效应以及建模和推理过程均会导致低分辨率图像边缘细节模糊、缺失的现象,本文提出了一种具有边缘保持的MRMRF模型图像分割方法(EPMRMRF)。首先,所提模型利用邻接区域之间的交互重叠约束,将局部区域的优化传递到相邻区域;其次,采用具有边缘保持作用的Cauchy分布提取图像的多尺度边缘先验知识,在不同尺度上实现图像局部区域特征和多尺度边缘特征的融合。最后,本文提出一种分层区域置信度传播算法(HRBP)对提出的EPMRMRF分割模型进行迭代优化,基于最大后验准则(MAP),求解MRF最大后验全局分布。实验结果表明,提出的模型不仅有效保持了图像分割结果的边缘,获得了更好的分割结果,而且具有较快的分割速度,PRI相似性评价指标平均提升至0.8909,GCE差异性评价指标平均降低至0.1923。     

基于粗糙集和MRF的彩色图像分割方法

提出了基于粗糙集和马尔科夫随机场(MRF)的彩色图像分割方法.将图像分割分为两个阶段:粗分割阶段和细分割阶段.基于粗糙集分割方法不仅仅考虑了每个像素点的颜色特征,也考虑了像素点邻域的颜色信息,这提高了粗分割的分割精度.在基于粗糙集分割的基础上,采用颜色特征和纹理特征,建立多特征的自适应可变权重马尔科夫随机场分割模型,再利用禁忌搜索算法逐步更新像素点标记,实现图像的最大后验概率估计.传统的MRF分割模型中需要人工设定图像分割数目以及随机给定初始分割,文中的算法,初始分割和初始类别数都将由粗分割获得.实验表明,文中算法可以有效地实现彩色图像分割.     

马尔可夫随机场在可见光图像分割中的应用

在可见光图像生成红外图像的过程中，图像分割至关重要。马尔可夫随机场（MRF）具有局部特性，由此特性建立了纹理特征的MRF模型。利用纹理的MRF模型，将参数的期望最大化用于该模型中的参数估计。最后将图像中的所有像素经该模型计算后得到纹理信息并分割图像。通过实验取得了较好的效果。     

基于环形分割的医学图像检索

针对医学图像全局特征检索不能很好地体现局部特征,而基于分割后各区域特征的检索又过分依赖于复杂的图像分割算法,提出了环形划分图像的分割方法.在基于环形分割的条件下,分别提取医学图像的颜色和纹理等内容特征,并在此基础上,实现医学图像检索.试验表明,基于环形分割的医学图像检索能够较好地体现图像所记录的颜色空间信息,而且具有旋转偏移不变性的特点,大大提高了医学图像检索的正确率与查全率.     

彩色纹理图像分割的非局部Mumford-Shah多通道全变差模型

彩色纹理图像分割的困难在于纹理图像成分的描述及彩色图像层与层之间的耦合。为解决该问题,基于多通道全变差规则项可优化彩色图像层与层之间的耦合,非局部算子可以描述纹理图像特征的特点,提出了彩色纹理图像分割的非局部Mumford-Shah多通道全变差变分模型。所提模型综合多通道全变差模型、非局部Mumford-Shah模型优点,并用二值标记函数划分区域。为了提高数值计算效率,对所提出模型设计了ADMM(alternating direction method of multipliers)优化算法。最后,通过数值实验对比以及定性与定量分析表明方法对于彩色纹理图像的分割取得较好结果。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.