“非自愿移民补偿理论与实证研究”概述

“非自愿移民补偿理论与实证研究”是由我主持申报并获立项的2005年度国家社会科学基金项目。本课题的研究思路是从非自愿移民的性质和特点出发，分析非自愿移民作为经济人，具有一般经济人追求利益最大化的行为理性，因此，成本一收益理论在决定非自愿移民搬迁行为与动机时仍然发挥主要作用，公平补偿成为移民关注的焦点。但现行的移民损失评估方法不能保证公平补偿的实现，为此，必须对移民损失评估方法进行改革，不仅要研究更科学合理的有形财产损失的评估方法，还要将非自愿移民的无形损失纳入到分析框架内。针对当前以政府干预为中心的非自愿移民补偿机制，探讨引入市场谈判机制，建立参与式补偿机制的必要性、主要障碍及其政策后果。分析不同类型的非自愿移民面临的约束条件，探讨适应各类工程特点的补偿方式及其可行性、实施范围和局限性。     

工程移民与生态移民之比较研究

工程移民和生态移民的同一性主要表现为：移民规模进一步扩大,移民问题越来越复杂;引起经济社会生态系统的改变和重建;主要对象是农民;核心是维护、保障和增进移民的合法权益;基本机制是政府主导机制、移民主体机制和社会参与机制;移民成本应该由社会来共同负担.工程移民和生态移民的差异性主要表现为：工程移民是非自愿性移民,生态移民是自愿性移民;工程移民是人权侵犯性移民,生态移民是人权保护性移民;工程移民是区域经济发展性移民,生态移民是区域生态重建性和消除贫困性移民;工程移民是问题最难解决性移民,生态移民是问题相对难解决性移民;工程移民是遗留问题多移民,生态移民是遗留问题少移民;工程移民是制度保障相对完善性移民,生态移民是制度保障相对滞后性移民.     

非自愿移民安置模式的理性审视与创新选择

传统非自愿移民安置模式都曾发挥过重要作用,但在市场经济条件下,其缺陷日益显露出来。因此,在创新移民安置模式的过程中,应充分尊重非自愿移民的合理意愿,因地制宜,权衡利弊,遵循多种安置模式并举和风险最小等原则,力求把移民安置变为移民发展的一次重要机遇,形成＂在安置中求发展,在发展中实现可持续安置＂的良性循环机制,从而维护社会稳定,促进社会和谐。     

物权法颁布之后我国移民安置的规范性研究

随着城市化和现代化建设的不断推进,产生了越来越多的非自愿移民.虽然国家的有关政策体制在不断完善,但是移民事件和移民问题仍然非常突出和尖锐.文章分析了新颁布的物权法对我国征地移民安置的法律效应,回顾了我国移民安置的历史发展进程以及存在的问题,给出了一些建设性对策和建议,并对我国移民安置计划的主要研究内容作了相关阐述.     

农村非自愿移民可持续生计研究

在探讨了农村非自愿移民可持续生计的内涵与特点的基础上,指出构建农村非自愿移民可持续生计应做到创新理念、尊重农民的土地财产权、设计合理的补偿机制、健全移民社会保障机制、启动移民就业培训及开展移民创业援助。     

从三峡移民工程理解"三个代表"的重要思想

三峡工程的兴建,引发出人类社会变迁史上一项巨大的社会工程一一三峡百万移民大动迁．三峡移民在其规模、复杂性和移民安置速率三个方面,都创造着中国乃至世界由政府主导的非自愿性移民的范例。理解这一伟大创举的最根本方法是从政策入手,而目前指导中国三峡移民的政策核心是江泽民的“三个代表”的重要思想。     

农村非自愿移民征地补偿方法研究综述

中国正处于计划经济向市场经济体制过渡、农业化向工业化过渡的转型时期,农地供求矛盾突出,征地补偿价值问题成为国家、集体、业主和农民四方关注的利益焦点,引起理论界广泛探讨,尤其近几年研究成果丰硕.为此,根据相关学者的研究成果,主要针对非自愿移民征地补偿方法作相应的归纳和综述,希望对我国农村非自愿移民征地补偿理论体系的建立提供借鉴.     

非自愿迁移、相对收入与移民健康

利用在湖北省巴东县针对三峡库区移民调查获得的数据,通过计量模型实证分析了非自愿迁移以及相对收入变化对移民健康的影响.研究发现:非自愿迁移对移民的健康有消极的影响,但不显著;而相对收入是影响移民健康的主要因素之一.因此,加强对移民的心理干预,加大移民社区的医疗卫生投入,提高移民收入水平是提高移民的健康水平的当务之急.     

水库移民补偿权利保障困境的制度追溯

当前中国水库移民征地补偿纠纷和矛盾的多发表明水库移民补偿权利保障依然困难重重。这种困境有其发生学背景,现代中国水库移民补偿法律和政策变迁史揭示了水库移民权利保障发展过程的曲折和艰难,这种复杂曲折的发展过程不仅遗留了很多问题,也制约了水库移民补偿权利保障制度的不断完善。在新型城镇化顶层推进和《土地管理法》修改之际,亟待对水库移民补偿法律制度做出回应和完善。     

工程性搬迁移民的伦理救助制度探究

改革开放以来,我国城市化发展迅速。但在城市化工程中出现了失地农民数量庞大、失业、社会保障不到位等状况,造成了一些个体和群体事件,引发了诸多伦理问题。加强城市化工程性搬迁移民的伦理救助制度建设,就要把伦理救助制度与政策性物质补偿资助制度紧密结合;伦理救助制度要体现公平与公正;健全救助行为规范制度;积极促进搬迁移民自身发展制度建设;强化搬迁移民的伦理道德教育制度;形成对搬迁移民进行伦理救助的系统制度等。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.