工程移民与生态移民之比较研究

工程移民和生态移民的同一性主要表现为：移民规模进一步扩大,移民问题越来越复杂;引起经济社会生态系统的改变和重建;主要对象是农民;核心是维护、保障和增进移民的合法权益;基本机制是政府主导机制、移民主体机制和社会参与机制;移民成本应该由社会来共同负担.工程移民和生态移民的差异性主要表现为：工程移民是非自愿性移民,生态移民是自愿性移民;工程移民是人权侵犯性移民,生态移民是人权保护性移民;工程移民是区域经济发展性移民,生态移民是区域生态重建性和消除贫困性移民;工程移民是问题最难解决性移民,生态移民是问题相对难解决性移民;工程移民是遗留问题多移民,生态移民是遗留问题少移民;工程移民是制度保障相对完善性移民,生态移民是制度保障相对滞后性移民.

Comparative Study of Project Immigrants and Ecosystem Immigrants

The similarities of project immigrants and ecosystem immigrants are that the scale of immigrating is on increase with more and more complicated problems, causing the changes and reconstruction of economic society and ecological system; that the main immigrating groups are farmers; that the most important thing is to protect and guarantee the legal rights of the immigrants; that the basic systems should maintain government-oriented, immigrant-dominated and society-involved; that the immigrating expenses should be paid by the society. The differences are that the project immigrants have to move while the ecosystem ones are willing to do so; that the former is rights-invaded while the latter rights-protected; that the former regional economic development, the latter regional ecological reconstruction and shaking off poverty; that the former with harder-todeal-with problems, the latter with less difficult ones.