白云石煅烧/加压碳酸化循环捕获CO2实验研究

在双固定床反应器系统上采用提高碳酸化反应压力的方法来改善白云石的CO2循环捕获性能.对白云石在不同碳酸化反应压力、温度、碳酸化气氛与煅烧气氛中CO2浓度以及颗粒粒径等条件下的循环碳酸化特性进行测试,并与石灰石的循环特性进行比较.结果表明,提高碳酸化反应压力有利于提高白云石的循环碳酸化转化率.反应压力一定,白云石的碳酸化转化率随碳酸化温度的增加呈先增加后减小的趋势.在700～750℃和0.5 MPa条件下,白云石获得较高的碳酸化转化率.白云石的加压循环碳酸化反应对一定的粒径范围和煅烧气氛具有较好的适应性.白云石的加压循环碳酸化性能较石灰石优越.     

H2S对石灰石循环煅烧/碳酸化法吸收CO2的影响

为了研究石灰石煅烧/碳酸化循环法捕集CO2过程中H2S对吸收剂性能的影响,利用固定床反应器进行了煅烧石灰石吸收H2S的试验,研究了H2S流量、体积分数和反应温度3个因素与穿透时间和CaO转化率之间的关系,确定了600℃是石灰石煅烧/碳酸化法实现硫碳共脱的理想反应温度。在600℃时,考察了CaO同时脱除CO2和H2S的多次循环反应特性,结果表明:CaO对H2S有良好的脱除效果,而吸收CO2的能力则随循环次数增加不断下降。研究了煅烧气氛(氮气或空气)对CaO循环反应特性的影响,对比试验结果发现:H2S的存在使得空气煅烧条件下20次循环反应后CaO吸收CO2转化率比氮气煅烧时的转化率下降了41.3%。研究分析表明:空气煅烧时,CaS会与O2反应生成CaSO4,堵塞颗粒内部孔隙,使得CaO循环转化率迅速下降。     

循环煅烧/碳酸化反应中CaO微观结构变迁特性

对CaO在循环反应中的碳酸化特性和微观结构变迁特性进行了研究.研究表明,CaO在700 ℃碳酸化时能取得最佳的CO2捕捉性能,高煅烧温度不利于CaO的碳酸化.随着循环次数的增加,CaO的孔隙由粗糙、具有网状连接和多孔的结构逐渐向平滑、孔间连接较差和较少孔的结构转变.CaO比表面积和比孔容均随循环次数增加而减小.前10次循环反应使CaO比表面积衰减迅速,此后变化缓慢.随着循环次数的增加,CaO的孔容和孔表面积分布均变差,CaO平均孔径逐渐增大.每次循环中,CaO中孔(2～50 nm)的孔表面积大于大孔(大于50 nm)的孔表面积.CaO碳酸化转化率随其比表面积和比孔容增加而增大,但当超过比表面积和比孔容的临界值后其转化率则可能减小.     

CaO再碳酸化的研究

建立了CaO再碳酸化的微粒模型，研究了CO2体积分数、反应温度等因素对反应的影响．研究表明，在本实验条件下，存在一个最佳再碳酸化温度(在680-7300℃之间)．当温度过高时，部分产物发生分解，气体通过产物层的扩散阻力随着温度的增加而变大，部分空隙的堵塞等原因造成反应的转化率反而减小．     

镁钙砂碳酸化反应特性的研究

采用TG-DTG技术对镁钙砂细粉的碳酸化反应特征进行研究，以阐明镁钙砂碳酸化反应特性。结果表明，镁钙砂在碳酸化反应过程中主要是其中CaO发生碳酸化转变成CaCO3；镁钙砂中的MgO因其碳酸化温度较低仅发生轻微碳酸化。且反应产物MgCO3在400℃后即开始分解，所以不会对镁钙砂中CaO的碳酸化反应产生太大影响；镁钙砂中CaO碳酸化反应的最大转化速率出现在700℃附近，而镁钙砂显微结构的差异是造成其碳酸化反应程度远低于氧化钙粉末的主要原因。     

镁钙砂碳酸化反应机理研究

采用单一扫描速率（2℃/min）法对镁钙砂细粉的碳酸化反应进行了热分析动力学研究,为镁钙砂颗粒表面碳酸化改性反应动力学研究提供相关信息.研究结果表明,镁钙砂细粉碳酸化反应初期MgO的碳酸化和CaO碳酸化反应前期机理,可用n=2的Avrami-Erofeev随机成核、随后生长模式函数描述,后期（相对转化率大于33%～38%）则可用Jander或Ginstling-brounshtein三维扩散模式函数描述.同时,MgO碳酸化反应产生的体积效应导致CaO反应前期表观活化能大幅度降低.     

废气干燥过程中镁化白云石轻烧料压块的重新碳酸化现象及其与烧结块体积密度的关系

在二步煅烧生产工艺过程中,采用死烧回转窑废气来干燥轻烧料块,可以减化工艺流程,节约燃料。鞍钢大石桥镁化白云石烧成砖试验车间的设计中拟采用此法。但对于废气中存在的CO_2会不会引起轻烧料块的重新碳酸化,这种碳酸化会不会对熟料的体积密度产生影响,是一个引起人们怀疑的问题。根据冶金部(78)冶科字152号文件和镁化白云石转炉炉衬科研组的决定,我们对此问题进行了研究。     

氧化钙碳酸化反应动力学研究

采用单一扫描速率法(2℃/min)对氧化钙粉末在CO2气氛中的碳酸化反应进行了热分析动力学研究。结果表明,氧化钙碳酸化反应的最大转化速率在694℃,与在镁钙砂表面碳酸化改性工艺研究中得到的最佳炉温十分接近;而氧化钙的碳酸化反应可用n=2的Avrami-Erofeev随机成核、随后生长模式(机理)函数描述,相应的表观反应活化能为178kJ·mol-1,频率因子为3.4×108min-1。     

硅灰石碳酸化隔离二氧化碳的实验研究

大气中二氧化碳的浓度不断增加,造成的温室效应引起世人的广泛关注．矿物碳酸化是一种很有潜力的二氧化碳隔离储存技术．文中系统进行了不同条件下硅灰石对二氧化碳的吸收储存实验,并利用X射线衍射和场发射扫描电子显微镜详细研究了硅灰石碳酸化产物的物理化学特征,采用高温热分解方法对矿物碳酸化转化率进行了计算分析,初步探讨了压力、温度、粒径等因素对硅灰石碳酸化吸收二氧化碳效率的影响．结果表明,在所进行的各种工况中,以150℃,4．0MPa条件下,粒径小于30μm的硅灰石颗粒的碳酸化转化率最高,可达89．5％,与蛇纹石最优工况下58％的碳酸化转化率相比,硅灰石更适合二氧化碳的矿物隔离储存．     

石灰石闪速加热高温煅烧过程中的CO_2逸出行为

在大功率碳管炉内模拟利用转炉余热闪速加热高温煅烧石灰石的工艺过程,研究煅烧温度(1200~1500℃)和石灰石粒径(4~27.5mm)对石灰石颗粒在高温热分解过程中CO_2逸出行为的影响。结果表明,石灰石粒径一定时,煅烧温度越高,CaCO_3分解初期逸出CO_2的速率越大,达到CO_2逸出速率最大值的时间也越短;煅烧温度一定时,石灰石粒径越小,CO_2逸出速率曲线峰值越高,到达曲线峰值的时间也越短。煅烧温度不超过1300℃时,随着石灰石粒径的增大,试样转化率和CO_2逸出速率的变化明显放缓;而煅烧温度达到1350℃后,粒径对CO_2逸出速率的影响较小。在1500℃煅烧温度下,经过400~445s,不同粒径石灰石颗粒的分解转化率均已接近100%。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.