镁钙砂碳酸化反应特性的研究

采用TG-DTG技术对镁钙砂细粉的碳酸化反应特征进行研究，以阐明镁钙砂碳酸化反应特性。结果表明，镁钙砂在碳酸化反应过程中主要是其中CaO发生碳酸化转变成CaCO3；镁钙砂中的MgO因其碳酸化温度较低仅发生轻微碳酸化。且反应产物MgCO3在400℃后即开始分解，所以不会对镁钙砂中CaO的碳酸化反应产生太大影响；镁钙砂中CaO碳酸化反应的最大转化速率出现在700℃附近，而镁钙砂显微结构的差异是造成其碳酸化反应程度远低于氧化钙粉末的主要原因。     

镁钙砂表面碳酸化反应动力学计算中的数据处理

用数值分析法对镁钙砂碳酸化反应热重试验数据进行平滑处理,减小了因镁钙砂的显微结构特性导致的热重试验微商数据离散程度对动力学计算的影响,提高了线性拟合相关系数.用模式配合法确定了镁钙砂碳酸化反应动力学"三因子",结果表明:反应前期(α＜33%)表观活化能Ea为31.9 kJ/mol,指前因子A为0.23 s-1,最可几机理可用随机成核、随后生长模式函数Avrami-Erofeev方程描述,其微分表达式为n＝2的Avrami-Erofeev方程,f(α) =(1-α)[-ln(1-α)]-1/2;反应后期 (α＞33%)表观活化能Ea为101.8 kJ/mol,指前因子A为6.4×102,最可几机理可用三维扩散模式函数D3描述,其微分表达式为Jander方程,f(α) = 3 (1-α)2/3/(2 (1-(1-α)1/3).     

氧化钙碳酸化反应动力学研究

采用单一扫描速率法(2℃/min)对氧化钙粉末在CO2气氛中的碳酸化反应进行了热分析动力学研究。结果表明,氧化钙碳酸化反应的最大转化速率在694℃,与在镁钙砂表面碳酸化改性工艺研究中得到的最佳炉温十分接近;而氧化钙的碳酸化反应可用n=2的Avrami-Erofeev随机成核、随后生长模式(机理)函数描述,相应的表观反应活化能为178kJ·mol-1,频率因子为3.4×108min-1。     

添加ZrO_2对镁钙砂抗水化性能的影响

以w(CaO)为55%的镁钙砂细粉为原料、ZrO_2为添加剂,在1550℃温度下烧结5h制备镁钙试样,研究了添加ZrO_2对镁钙试样物相组成、显微结构、烧结性能和抗水化性能的影响。结果表明,添加ZrO_2能促进镁钙材料的烧结,且随着ZrO_2加入量的增加,试样的体积密度逐渐增大,显气孔率减小,抗水化性能逐渐增强,这是由于ZrO_2的加入增大了Ca~(2+)的空位浓度,有利于Ca~(2+)的扩散,促进了镁钙试样的烧结致密化和试样中CaO晶粒的长大。此外,ZrO_2还可与游离态CaO反应生成不易水化的CaZrO_3,该反应发生在晶界等容易水化的部位,改变了镁钙试样的显微结构,又进一步提高了材料抗水化性能;当ZrO_2添加量超过5%后,试样的各项性能变化趋于平缓。综合考虑,该镁钙试样中ZrO_2的适宜添加量为5%。     

钢渣中游离氧化钙和氧化镁碳酸化反应

在CO2含量为99.9%,压力为0.2 MPa条件下,对钢渣粉进行碳酸化处理,并作为水泥混合材料制成净浆试件,对试件进行压蒸,研究碳酸化反应时间对试件体积安定性的影响．结果表明,随着碳酸化反应时间的延长,钢渣中的硅酸盐、游离CaO、Ca(OH)2和游离MgO等物质与CO2气体进行反应,主要生成CaxMg1-xCO3．掺加未经碳酸化处理钢渣的试件,压蒸后破坏严重;掺加碳酸化反应10 min钢渣的试件膨胀率为1.03%,试件有明显裂纹;掺加碳酸化反应20 min钢渣的试件膨胀率为0.29%,符合国家标准,体积安定性合格．碳酸化处理20 min后,钢渣中游离CaO含量由2.54%降至0.84%,游离MgO含量由3.8%降至2.4%,试块压蒸后未出现Mg(OH)2,镁离子以水化硅酸镁形式存在于无定形物中．     

高钙镁钙耐火材料对无取向硅钢中Al质量分数的影响

以合成高钙镁钙砂为原料,制成CaO质量分数分别为40%、50%和60%的高钙镁钙材料,研究不同CaO质量分数的高钙镁钙材料对无取向硅钢中[Al]质量分数的作用.利用电镜扫描及能谱分析,通过测量了在1 600 ℃反应30 min后镁钙材料反应层中Al和钢水中[Al],分析了不同CaO质量分数的高钙镁钙材料对无取向硅钢中[Al]变化的影响.结果表明,无取向硅钢中的[Al]首先氧化生成Al2O3,然后,与高钙镁钙材料中CaO反应生成CaO·Al2O3,CaO·2Al2O3,CaO·6Al2O3等铝酸盐化合物,以实现对钢液中[Al]的减少作用;随着高钙镁钙材料中的CaO质量分数的提高,对钢液中[Al]的减少作用增强,但当CaO质量分数达到40%时,各种高钙镁钙材料对无取向硅钢中的[Al]的作用基本达到平衡,此时,钢液中[Al]减少率超过96%.说明质量分数达到40%的CaO高钙镁钙材料可用于无铝无取向硅钢的深脱铝处理.     

氧化钙砂的致密性对其碳酸化效果及抗水化性能的影响

在二氧化碳气氛下对氧化钙砂进行碳酸化处理时,无论是低密度还是高密度钙砂,碳酸化速率都由扩散过程控制·对低密度钙砂,碳酸化反应在表面和内部同时发生,每个CaO晶粒都被生成的碳酸钙包围,并在生成的碳酸钙中有显微裂纹产生;但对高密度钙砂,碳酸化反应只在表面发生,并在钙砂表面形成一层与钙砂基体结合良好的致密碳酸钙保护层·水化试验结果表明:碳酸化处理能够有效地改善钙砂的抗水化性能,但由于经碳酸化处理的低密度钙砂因显微裂纹的原因,在水化过程中容易开裂崩坏,因此碳酸化处理只适合于改善没有明显显气孔率的高密度钙砂的抗水化性能·     

高钙镁钙耐火材料对无取向硅钢中Al质量分数的影响

以合成高钙镁钙砂为原料,制成CaO质量分数分别为40%、50%和60%的高钙镁钙材料,研究不同CaO质量分数的高钙镁钙材料对无取向硅钢中[Al]质量分数的作用。利用电镜扫描及能谱分析,通过测量了在1600℃反应30 min后镁钙材料反应层中Al和钢水中[Al],分析了不同CaO质量分数的高钙镁钙材料对无取向硅钢中[Al]变化的影响。结果表明,无取向硅钢中的[Al]首先氧化生成Al2O3,然后,与高钙镁钙材料中CaO反应生成CaO.Al2O3,CaO.2Al2O3,CaO.6Al2O3等铝酸盐化合物,以实现对钢液中[Al]的减少作用;随着高钙镁钙材料中的CaO质量分数的提高,对钢液中[Al]的减少作用增强,但当CaO质量分数达到40%时,各种高钙镁钙材料对无取向硅钢中的[Al]的作用基本达到平衡,此时,钢液中[Al]减少率超过96%。说明质量分数达到40%的CaO高钙镁钙材料可用于无铝无取向硅钢的深脱铝处理。     

合成抗水化性致密氧化钙砂的研究

以轻质碳酸钙为原料,研究了分别添加0~20%(摩尔分数)MgO和ZrO2对氧化钙砂烧结和抗水化性的影响.研究结果表明,轻质CaCO3烧结活性高,经1 400℃烧成即可获得相对密度96%以上的CaO砂,但由于CaO晶粒的异常生长,抑制了致密性的进一步提高.添加MgO和ZrO2,能够有效地抑制CaO晶粒生长,有利于气孔排除,促进CaO砂致密度的提高并改善其微观结构.当添加20%MgO时,发育良好的MgO晶粒占据了大部分CaO晶界三角区,形成结构均一的微观结构.当添加20%ZrO2时,CaO晶粒被生成的CaZrO3保护层包围.添加MgO和ZrO2以后,由于致密度的增加,CaO固溶体的形成(添加MgO...     

镁橄榄石合成反应动力学研究

以分析纯氧化镁、高纯熔融石英以及电熔镁砂颗粒为原料,研究了固相法合成镁橄榄石的反应动力学.利用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜等手段,研究了合成温度和保温时间对镁橄榄石生成速率的影响,分析了MgO与SiO2的反应机理.根据实验结果,建立了1100~1300℃下MgO与SiO2反应的动力学方程,并求出了表观反应活化能.研究结果表明,随着合成温度的提高和保温时间的延长,镁橄榄石生成率逐渐增加.在反应初期,MgO与SiO2反应生成了镁橄榄石和顽火辉石,在合成反应中后期时Mg2+通过产物层扩散而进一步反应,MgO与SiO2反应合成镁橄榄石的反应过程由Mg2+扩散所控制,反应的表观活化能为(220±20)kJ/mol.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to