基于Landsat 8TIRS的地表温度反演算法对比分析

为研究地表温度反演算法之间的异同,以神东矿区为例,以Landsat 8 TIRS为数据源,利用辐射传导方程法、基于影像算法(image-based method,IB算法)、单窗算法(mono-window algorithm,MW算法)和单通道算法(single-channel method,SC算法)分别反演研究区地表温度,并用MODIS地表温度(land surface temperature,LST)数据进行验证,结果表明辐射传导方程法、MW算法和SC算法分别高于MODIS LST数据0.19 K、0.03 K和0.58 K,IB算法低于MODIS LST数据0.65 K,四种算法与MODIS LST数据的相关系数均达到0.9以上,其中MW算法与MODIS LST数据相关系数为0.971 1,精度最高。     

基于辐射传输方程和分裂窗算法的Landsat 8数据地表温度反演对比研究

地表温度作为陆地和大气能量平衡的重要参数,已经广泛应用于环境、农业等领域。以太谷县为例,基于Landsat 8卫星影像数据,利用ENVI软件,应用辐射传输方程和分裂窗算法对太谷县地表温度进行了反演以及对反演结果进行了对比分析,研究结果如下:采用辐射传输方程进行地表温度反演结果为地表温度集中在15°~24°,应用分裂窗算法反演的地表温度结果主要集中在18°~27°,分裂窗算法的结果地表温度大部分都高于辐射传输方程的反演的地表温度,两者的结果中都能看出有明显的城市热导效应,城镇居民点的地表温度相对较高,另外城镇居民点两种反演结果的温度差也较大。     

基于TM图像反演垦利县地表温度

利用垦利县TM／ETM＋图像的热红外波段数据,结合辐射传输方程和覃志豪单窗算法等算法反演垦利县地表温度,讨论了各种温度反演算法精度、土地利用类型的变化与相应地表温度的变化．结果表明：覃志豪单窗算法的精度最高,垦利县两年间各地类地表温度基本保持不变或仅有较小变化．     

基于Landsat TM的3种地表温度反演算法比较分析

以福州市为研究区,使用Landsat TM数据,利用基于影像的反演算法(IB算法)、单窗算法(MW算法)和单通道算法(SC算法)对研究区进行地表温度反演,并将这3种算法的反演结果与研究区的亮度温度进行了比较,结果表明:(1)3种算法反演的结果总体趋势比较接近,其中尤以MW算法和IB算法较为接近,研究区整体平均温度二者仅相差约1.0℃;(2)3种算法反演的结果均比亮度温度高,其中IB算法高出约1.9℃,MW算法高出约2.9℃,而SC算法则要高出约5.3℃.     

用辐射传输方程从MODIS数据中反演地表温度的方法

介绍了辐射传输方程反演地表温度理论和传统参数的获取.针对MODIS波段设置特点,从MODIS的某些波段来反演大气参数,从而突破传统参数获取的局限性,提高了辐射传输方法在地表温度反演中的实用性.最后用环渤海地区的MODIS影像对该地区的地表温度进行了反演,并对MODIS的第31,32波段反演结果做了对比分析.     

基于Landsat8地表温度反演 ——以淮河上游为例

选用Landsat 8TRIS 10数据,采用改进后的普适性单通道算法对淮河流域上游地区卫星影像进行亮度温度反演.利用可见光波段、近红外波段对研究区的地表发射率进行计算,结合大气水分含量反演出研究区真实地表温度,反演精度较高,结果表明改进后的普适性单通道算法在中尺度区域适用性较好.探讨了中、大尺度区域地表温度反演可能面临的问题.     

高空薄云影响下的大气长波辐射遥感估算

作为地气系统能量交换的重要形式,精准的大气下行长波辐射数据对地表、大气层顶模型的建立以及全球生态环境和气象气候研究极其重要.目前关于遥感反演大气下行辐射的研究多以晴空条件为前提,很少考虑到高空薄云,使得这些方法应用范围受限.高空薄云对红外辐射具有不完全通透性,地表信息部分被云削减后透过云层到达传感器.由于云体温度极低,可明显降低传感器观测的星上亮温,加上其复杂的微物理学属性和多变的分布特征,对大气下行辐射的反演造成很大影响.通过研究不同性质的高空薄云,基于小样本理论、利用神经网络和支持向量机构建高空薄云存在时的大气下行辐射遥感反演模型,并结合实测站点数据对模型的精度进行检验.结果显示,两种算法的精度基本满足瞬时地表长波辐射研究的要求,解决了高空薄云影响下遥感反演大气下行辐射的难点.两种非线性模型直接以传感器的辐亮度、亮温组合、大气水汽含量以及光学厚度作为输入,既考虑了云的特征参数,又避免了计算大气下行辐射的误差传递,提高了算法的通用性和实用性.     

基于Landsat 5热红外波段反演亮度温度的比较研究

为地表温度的反演提供理论依据,比较Landsat方式与Planck函数法反演地表亮度温度差异,以玛多地区的Lndsat 5 TM热红外波段为例,计算了亮度温度及其差值。结果表明:两种反演方法得出的结果非常接近,平均值仅相差0.617 K;根据Planck函数法与Landsat方式亮度温度数据直方图,两者频率最高区几乎一样,空间差异不太明显;Landsat方式与Planck函数法差值的标准差为0.007 350;与地表温度实测值相比较,差值分别为4.2℃和4.9℃,与实测值相差较多,因此,两者都比较适合常规下地表温度的反演,但不适合作地表温度使用。     

基于TM影像的淮安市地表温度反演分析

以淮安市1995年与2006年的Landsat TM遥感影像为主要遥感数据源,采用单窗口算法反演得到研究区的地表温度.通过计算卫星亮温,地表比辐射率,大气投射率,大气平均作用温度来完成单窗体温度反演的计算.从两个时期地表温度反演结果可以看出,城市正不断的发展,该城市聚集度有所提高,热岛效应加剧,温度分布与地表环境有着密切的联系.     

利用Landsat影像热红外波段反演西双版纳勐仑地区地表温度的方法初探

利用Landsat TM/ETM+数据的热红外波段,基于Modtran4辐射传输模型的大气校正,通过目前2种主要算法——Qin等的单窗算法与Jiménez-Mup~noz-Sobrino的普适性单通道算法反演了热带西双版纳勐仑地区的地表温度,同时利用同步地面实测数据对反演结果进行了精度检验.结果表明,2种方法均具有一定的反演精度,其中Jiménez-Mu~noz-Sobrino法较好,其相对误差仅为5.4%,该方法更适于该地区地表真实温度的反演.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.