响应面法优化超临界CO_2流体萃取红橘种子油

以红橘种子为原料,研究了萃取时间,萃取压力,萃取温度,CO_2流量4因素对萃取红橘籽油得率的影响,以期获得超临界CO_2流体萃取红橘种子油的最佳工艺.经响应面分析方法,确定了超临界CO_2流体萃取柑橘种子油的最佳工艺实际操作条件:萃取压力27MPa,萃取温度46℃,CO_2流量33L/h,萃取时间2.3h,在此条件下红橘种子油得率为31.90%.所得油脂色泽金黄,透明澄清,且符合食用植物油的常规理化标准.     

超临界CO_2萃取枸杞籽油的研究

提出了用超临界CO2 萃取枸杞籽油的方法 ,研究了不同萃取压力、温度、流量、颗粒细度和萃取时间对萃取率的影响 .当萃取压力为 2 5～ 30MPa ,温度为 35～ 45℃ ,流量为 40kg/h时 ,萃取 3h ,可将枸杞籽中 90 %以上的油萃取出来 .另对枸杞籽油的成分进行了分析 .     

超临界CO2萃取栝楼籽油工艺条件优化

利用超临界CO₂萃取技术对栝楼籽油的萃取条件进行了研究.采用单因素试验和正交试验分析了栝楼籽粉碎细度、萃取温度、萃取压力和萃取时间对萃取得率的影响,确定了萃取栝楼籽油的最佳工艺条件.结果表明,利用超临界CO2萃取栝楼籽油的最佳工艺条件为栝楼籽粉碎细度90目、萃取温度50 ℃、萃取压力30 MPa、萃取时间3 h,萃取得率可达39.6%.     

茶叶籽油超临界CO_2提取工艺试验

以茶叶籽为原料,采用超临界CO2提取工艺提取茶叶籽油,研究了提取压力、温度、时间对茶叶籽油提取率的影响。结果表明:超临界CO2提取工艺提取茶叶籽油的最佳工艺条件为提取压力30 MPa,提取温度55℃,提取时间2 h。     

妥尔油酸性物的超临界二氧化碳萃取

应用超临界二氧化碳萃取技术 ,研究了妥尔油酸性物的提取分离工艺 ,探讨了萃取温度、萃取压力、二氧化碳流量和萃取时间等因素对妥尔油酸性物得率的影响。采用正交实验设计 ,得出了妥尔油超临界二氧化碳萃取的最佳工艺条件为 :萃取压力 2 5MPa ,萃取温度 35℃ ,二氧化碳流量 2 0kg/h ,萃取时间 90min ,萃取酸性物得率 5 2 .3%。     

超临界CO_2萃取玉米须的实验研究

本文研究了超临界CO_2萃取玉米须化学成分的萃取操作条件,重点考察了萃取温度、萃取压力、萃取时间对萃取率的影响,结果发现:超临界CO_2萃取玉米须的较佳萃取操作条件是萃取压力为30MPa左右,萃取温度为30℃左右,萃取时间为2h左右;影响超临界CO_2流体萃取化学成分的影响因素主次顺序为萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间。     

超临界CO_2萃取玉米须的实验研究

本文研究了超临界CO_2萃取玉米须化学成分的萃取操作条件,重点考察了萃取温度、萃取压力、萃取时间对萃取率的影响,结果发现：超临界CO_2萃取玉米须的较佳萃取操作条件是萃取压力为30MPa左右,萃取温度为30℃左右,萃取时间为2h左右;影响超临界CO_2流体萃取化学成分的影响因素主次顺序为萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间。     

超临界CO2静动态结合萃取姜黄油的工艺

以姜黄为原料,研究超临界CO2流体梯度升压与静动态结合萃取姜黄油的工艺研究,并利用均匀试验与正交试验进行优化. 实验得出超临界流体萃取姜黄油的优化工艺为:原料含水率5.5%～6.0%之间,先在压力10MPa、温度30℃的状态下静态预置15min,后在压力30MPa,温度45℃,CO2流量40L/h的条件下动态循环萃取120min. 结果表明,姜黄油的萃取率可达8.95%,比水蒸气蒸馏法提高了4倍,且香气纯正,证明超临界CO2流体静动态结合萃取姜黄油的工艺切实可行.     

超临界CO2萃取枸杞籽油的研究

提出了用超临界ＣＯ２萃取枸杞籽油的方法,研究了不同萃取压力、温度、流量、颗粒细度和萃取时间对萃取率的影响。当萃取压力为２５～３０ＭＰａ温度为３５～４５℃,流量为４０ｋｇ／ｈ时,萃取３ｈ,可将枸杞籽中９０％以上的油萃取出来。另对枸杞籽油的万分进行了分析。     

影响USFE萃取海藻EPA和DHA的因素分析

研究了萃取温度、压力、时间、CO2流量和超声参数对超声强化超临界流体萃取海藻EPA和DHA的影响,发现与超临界流体萃取相比,超声强化超临界流体萃取过程使CO2流量减小,萃取温度及压力降低,萃取时间缩短,而EPA和DHA的萃取率提高,在单因素实验的基础上进行了正交实验,结果表明,超声强化超临界流体萃取EPA和DHA的最佳工艺条件为：萃取温度35℃,压力25MPa,时间3．0h,CO2流量3L／h。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…