考虑微凸体弹塑性过渡变形机制的结合面法向接触刚度分形模型

摘要： 基于粗糙表面微凸体变形的连续性和光滑性原理,研究了在法向载荷逐渐增加时的粗糙表面单个微凸体弹塑性过渡变形机制,提出了考虑弹塑性过渡变形机制的结合面微凸体微观接触模型,建立了法向接触载荷和法向接触刚度的数学模型;基于分形几何理论,建立了结合面法向接触刚度的分形模型,并对结合面法向接触刚度进行仿真计算.结果表明：在较小的塑性指数条件下,法向接触载荷与法向接触刚度近似呈线性关系;在较大的塑性指数条件下,法向接触载荷与法向接触刚度呈非线性关系;法向接触刚度随着分形维数和法向接触载荷的增加而增大,随着无量纲分形特征尺度系数的增大而减小;所得结合面法向接触刚度的仿真计算值与铣削加工和磨削加工条件下的实验值较吻合.     

结合面法向动态参数的分形模型

为了对结合面法向动态参数进行正确的理论计算,以分形接触理论为基础,建立了结合面法向动态参数的理论分形模型,揭示了接触刚度和接触阻尼与作用在粗糙表面上的法向载荷、粗糙表面材料性能常数,以及分形参数等因素之间的复杂关系,并对该模型进行了数值仿真.仿真结果表明:结合面的实际接触面积仅占名义接触面积的一小部分,降低表面粗糙度或增加法向载荷都将增大实际接触面积;接触刚度和接触阻尼与分形参数之间具有较强的非线性关系,而法向栽荷对接触刚度的影响较为明显,当栽荷增加时,刚度值也随之增大,但对接触阻尼的影响可以忽略.     

应用改进分形几何理论的结合部切向刚度模型

针对现有分形接触理论对2个机械部件粗糙表面相互接触形成的结合部的切向接触刚度分形模型存在违反赫兹法向接触力学的缺陷,以改进分形几何理论为基础、在严格应用赫兹法向接触力学的基础上,推导出结合部总切向接触静弹性条件刚度、总条件法向载荷的分析解。数值仿真表明:结合部的切向接触静弹性刚度随着总法向载荷的增加基本上呈线性增加的态势,随着表面轮廓分形维数的增加而增大,随着分形粗糙度的减小而增大;在恒定法向载荷作用下,最初作用于结合部的切向载荷使得切向接触静弹性刚度最大,该刚度随着切向载荷的增加而减小,随着静摩擦系数的增加而增大;随着法向载荷的增加,法向接触静弹性刚度的增量加大。该结果可为进一步研究粗糙表面的分形特性提供参考。     

粗糙表面弹塑性接触连续光滑指数函数模型与法向接触刚度研究

针对微凸体在完全弹性、弹塑性和完全塑性变形阶段接触载荷和接触面积的不连续、跳跃和不光滑,以及平均接触压力的不单调问题,提出了一种新颖的近似指数形式的解析模型。在此基础上,利用分形理论进一步建立了粗糙表面在三阶段接触时的法向接触刚度和法向接触载荷与真实接触面积之间的解析模型,并进行了无量纲化处理。仿真分析了分形维数D、塑性指数Φ以及无量纲分形粗糙度参数G*对无量纲法向接触刚度K*_n和无量纲法向接触载荷F*_n的影响规律,并分析了K*_n随F*_n的变化规律。模型的仿真结果表明:K*_n和F*_n都随着无量纲真实接触面积A*_r的增大而增大;随Φ的增大或G*的减小,K*_n和F*_n的增速都变大;F*_n的增速随D的变化是先减小后增大,而K*_n的增速是指数增大;K*_n随F*_n的增大而增大,在D从1.1到1.9的变化过程中,K*_n随F*_n的增速是先增大后减小,在D1.51时,随着G*的减小,K*_n随F*_n的增速明显变大。利用法向接触刚度模型计算了哑铃模型的固有频率,计算结果与实验结果比较一致,验证了模型的准确性。     

含半月板的活体股胫关节接触特性有限元分析

股胫关节接触生物力学研究是人们保护关节减少伤害,理解关节软骨退化造成骨关节病力学成因的关键.该文利用一系列活体膝关节磁共振断层扫描图像(MRI), 构建了含半月板、股胫关节软骨和股骨、胫骨三维实体的膝关节有限元模型.探讨了用有限元显式非线性动力学方法求解关节间存在相对滑动和摩擦时股胫关节接触特性,并模拟分析了在步行过程中外载荷变化时股胫关节的接触力学特性.仿真分析表明: 在载荷增加时,股胫关节接触面积增加,而股胫关节内外侧接触面积之比几乎不变,内外侧平均接触应力基本相等.     

粗糙机械结合面的接触刚度研究

为准确进行计入粗糙接触界面影响的组合结构动力分析,基于弹塑性理论对具有粗糙表面的长方微元体进行有限元接触分析,给出了根据受力和变形关系计算粗糙表面接触刚度的方法,得到了不同载荷作用下的法向和切向界面接触刚度.计算结果表明:表面形貌造成的接触应力分布不均匀和局部塑性变形导致法向界面接触刚度随着压力的增加先增大后减小,并随着表面粗糙度的增加而降低;切向界面接触刚度随着法向载荷和摩擦系数的增加而增加,随着切向载荷的增加而减小.当切向载荷增加到一定值时,接触界面将由微观滑移转化为宏观滑动,摩擦界面连接失效.     

基于分形接触理论的结合面法向接触参数预估

基于分形接触理论,建立了结合面法向接触参数的分形预估模型,通过粗糙表面材料性能参数、法向载荷及粗糙表面的分形参数来预估法向接触刚度和接触阻尼,并对其变化规律进行数值仿真.结果表明：结合面之间的接触处于弹性变形和与塑性变形共存的状态,且小接触点面积的微凸体发生塑性变形,而大接触点面积的微凸体发生弹性变形;法向接触参数与分形参数之间具有较强的非线性关系;同时,法向接触刚度随法向载荷的增大而逐渐增加,但法向载荷对结合面的法向阻尼特性影响较小;仿真结果中极值点的存在,为结合面接触参数的优化设计提供了依据.     

隐形矫治器设计的生物力学分析

以有限元分析的方法来对口腔医学中隐形矫治器的优化分析建立模型进行分析,通过运用逆向工程技术收集牙齿模型数据,Geomagic Studio 2012处理数据,ANSYS15.0对数据优化分析,发现有限元分析法可以对患者口腔结构、形状、载荷和材料力学性能等进行应力分析,能获得牙齿模型研究相关部位的应力值与位移值,并借用计算机相关辅助软件进行精确地求解,客观、精确、真实地反映牙齿模型的应力的分布状况,为口腔医学的相关临床研究提供参考,为未来口腔疾病相关治疗措施提供参考。     

弹塑性接触粗糙表面切向载荷-位移模型

针对在法向载荷和切向载荷联合作用下粗糙表面的接触问题,建立了一种同时考虑微凸体弹性接触和塑性接触的接触界面切向载荷-位移新模型。对弹性接触的微凸体,采用Hertz弹性理论描述法向接触载荷-变形关系,采用Mindlin微观滑移理论解描述切向载荷-位移关系;对塑性接触的微凸体,采用Abbott和Firestone塑性接触理论描述法向接触载荷-变形关系,在切向采用Fujimoto模型的切向载荷-位移关系。利用概率统计分析方法,建立了整个粗糙表面切向载荷-位移关系。将模型与仅考虑微凸体弹性接触情况的模型进行了对比,研究了不同模型参数对切向载荷-位移关系的影响。结果表明:考虑微凸体弹塑性接触的模型能够更好地描述粗糙表面切向载荷-位移关系;微凸体高度分布密度函数的方差增大,相同平均接触距离下,切向载荷-位移关系受塑性接触微凸体的影响增大;方差相同时,平均接触距离增大,切向载荷-位移关系的斜率增大。     

深沟球轴承动态有限元数字仿真

基于动态接触力学和显式动力学有限元算法,采用三维实体单元建立参数化的深沟球轴承三维有限元模型.利用有限元软件LS-DYNA和自适应网格技术对深沟球轴承的工作运动过程进行了数值模拟,得出了轴承内外圈、滚珠、保持架之间的接触应力、应变的变化情况及接触过程中的压力分布情况.并将计算结果与赫兹理论计算结果进行比较,验证了动态有限元仿真的合理性.在此基础上,综合考虑了轴承原始制造误差、转速、载荷等不同工况对轴承动态性能的影响,为轴承的疲劳强度计算和动态优化设计提供了可靠的理论依据.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.